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Asphalt Shingle Recycling:Recycled Materials Resource Center and
Environmental Issues
Jenna R. Jambeck, PhDResearch Assistant Professor, UNHRecycled Materials Resource Center
Chicago, IL November 1-2, 2007
MISSION
Overcome barriers to the appropriate use of recycled materials in the highway environment
RMRC Overview/History
• Established in TEA-21 in 1998
• National center in partnership with FHWA
• Focus on the long term engineering and environmental performance of recycled materials in the highway environment
• Primary activities are research and outreach
Current RMRCJoint venture of University of New Hampshire and
University of Wisconsin-Madison
- UNH: Kevin Gardner (co-director), Jeff Melton, Jenna Jambeck, David Gress, Colleen Mitchell
- UW: Craig Benson (co-director), Tuncer Edil, Hussain Bahia, Andy Graettinger, Phil O’Leary, and Gary Whited
Approach
The original Center had seven recycled materials focus areas:
1. Testing and evaluation guidelines and specifications
2. Material-application specific research and development
3. Economic and institutional issues
4. New materials and innovative technologies
5. Field trials of materials
6. Technical services
7. Technology transfer and training
Research Map
Over 40 Research projects completed!
Partners: MnDOT, Minn. Office of Environmental Assistance, Minn. Local Road Research Board, SKB Environmental, Bituminous Roadways, Inc.
Principal Investigators: Roger Olson, MnDOT & Dan Krivit, Dan Krivit & Assoc.
Project Stats: 32 Months (July 2002 – December 2004)
Approach:• Prepare design documents• Two field demonstrations• Evaluate demonstrations
Project 22 - Overcoming Barriers to Asphalt Shingle Recycling
Other Activities
• Shingle Recycling Forums• 2003, 2007
• Provisional Specifications• American Association of State Highway and
Transportation (AASHTO), "Use of Reclaimed Asphalt Shingle as an Additive in Hot Mix Asphalt: A Provisional Standard Specification (M2005A-TS-2c)" Final publication in preparation.
• American Association of State Highway and Transportation (AASHTO), "Provisional Standard Recommended Practice for Design Considerations when using Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles in New Hot Mix Asphalt (R2005A-TS-2c)" Final publication in preparation.
Education and Outreach
RMRC Outreach• RMRC sponsored conference sessions• RMRC sponsored workshops• Beneficial Use of Recycled Materials in
Transportation Applications Conference• Software and guidance documents
• Beneficial Use Guidelines - shingles
RMRC Recycled Materials Workshops
• Four workshops – Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, West
• Attendees – FHWA, State DOT, State Environmental Agencies, US EPA
• Focus on training recycling/beneficial use coordinators, improving DOT recycling programs
• Providing a forum for communication
How is sustainability and shingle recycling related?
Sustainability
• Sustain: to keep in existence; maintain
• Big picture• Sustain the earth• Finite resources
–Decrease or mitigate negative environmental impacts of human existence–Conserve resources
Environmental Impacts
• Examine impacts of various options/choices and choose those with the least impact
• How to quantify?• Impacts can be assessed:
• Greenhouse gas generation
(e.g., methane, carbon dioxide)• SOx, NOx emissions• Toxics released (air, water, soil)
• Organics – TCE, PBDE, etc.• Inorganics – Hg, Pb, etc.• Exposure routes may be considered
Conservation of Resources
• Use as little of our resources as possible • Use renewable resources• Reuse products already produced
• Conserves energy• Recycle the materials from a product to make a new
product• No need for virgin materials
• Extract resources from the product • Conversion into energy
Economics
• In the long run, it doesn’t save to exploit our resources
• But the immediate cost time frame is critical for a market economy• Often times immediate costs and sustainable
practices coincide• Sometimes more sustainable practices (or
switching to them) can result in a greater expense• Often there is a payback
• Many corporations, industries and institutions now see the benefits in practicing environmental sustainability
It can be a difficult balance between environmental impacts, trade-offs and cost…
RMRC has experience evaluating risk, benefits and cost.
Partners: MnDOT (MnROAD), NYSDEC, Laboratoire Centrale des Ponts et Chausees (LCPC)
Principal Investigators: Dr. Taylor Eighmy & Dr. Kevin Garner, UNH
Project Stats: June 2000 – August 2004
Approach:• Literature review• Model selection• Model validation with MnROAD data• Develop a risk assessment approach for state regulatory agency use
Project 7/8 - Development of a Risk Analysis Framework for Beneficial Use of Secondary Materials
WaterTableRise
VaporMovement
CapillarySuction
Surface Surface EntryEntry
HighGround
Drainage
Run-offRun-off
Sustainable Road Construction
• Must create a product with consistent high quality
• From that standpoint, how can we do this in a more sustainable manner?• Beneficially use materials; offset virgin
materials - shingles• Recycle materials
• Assess environmental burdens and trade-offs of various options
• Life-cycle assessment
Potential Applications
What are potential environment and health impacts of using a material in an application?• Context of use• Proper characterization• Potential receptors and risks• Trade-offs
Environmental Characterization• Shingles
• Asbestos• PAHs
Pavement Life-cycle Assessment Tool for Environmental and Economic Effects
(PaLATE)
Developed by Arpad Horvath (UC Berkeley) for the Recycled Materials Resource Center
www.recycledmaterials.org
Questions that can be answered:
• For a particular roadway, which material is better environmentally, economically: e.g., recycled or virgin?
• Will changing the recycled material content in a particular pavement affect its environmental impact?
• Does sending demolished portions of a road to a processing plant or to a landfill make more environmental and economic sense?
• Which maintenance options will minimize environmental and economic effects?
Factors that are considered:
• Design of the roadway • Construction materials, material
transportation distances and modes• Technology choices – e.g., on-site
construction and maintenance equipment (e.g., asphalt paver), and off-site processing equipment (e.g., rock crusher)
• Life-cycle economic costs
Recycled Material Use Example
• Conceptual for shingles• Crumb rubber surrogate in asphalt• Road in NH, 2.6 miles, single lane (31
feet wide)• 5.5 inch wearing course, 12 inch base
Energy
Total Roadway Inputs
6,700,000
6,800,000
6,900,000
7,000,000
7,100,000
7,200,000
7,300,000
7,400,000
7,500,000
7,600,000
Virgin 5% 12%
Asphalt Binder Crumb Rubber Mix
En
erg
y (
MJ)
.
Processes
Production
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Total Roadway Inputs
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
Virgin 5% 12%
Asphalt Binder Crumb Rubber Mix
CO
2 (M
g)
= G
WP
.
Processes
Production
Case Study Results: Energy Consumption (MJ)
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
9,000,000
Initial Construction Maintenance Total Initial Construction Maintenance Total
En
erg
gy
[MJ]
Processes (Equipment)
Materials Transportation
Materials Production
Initial Construction - RubblizationMaintenance - Crack Seal & Resurface
Initial Construction - Virgin MaterialsMaintenance - HIPR
Initial Construction: Recycling uses 3.5M MJ less energy than use of virgin materials (reduced materials production)Maintenance: HIPR uses 1.5M MJ less than crack sealing & resurfacing.
HIPR - equipment processesCrack seal & resurfacing - materials production
Case Study Scenario (2)
• Divided PA DOT PGH demand into 5 areas defined by a single point• City center• 25 miles north,
south, east and west of city center
N
S
E
CCW
Summary
• The future of utilizing recycled materials, including shingles, fits in with our sustainability concept• Life-cycle impacts
• RMRC will Continue to• Be a central resource for technical issues
• Engineering• Environmental
• Conduct outreach and education• Webinars, etc.• Be a bridge between stakeholders
• Let us know how else we can help!
Further information available on RMRC website:
www.recycledmaterials.org
Jenna R. Jambeck, PhDResearch Assistant Professor
Department of Civil/Environmental EngineeringUniversity of New Hampshire
244 Gregg Hall, 35 Colovos Rd.Durham, NH 03824
Phone: [email protected]
