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Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin Alison Robertson, ISU Extension Pathologist [email protected] alisonrISU Evaluate this presentation

Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin - Iowa State …...Aspergillus ear rot disease cycle Spores produced June through Sept. Survives in soil & crop residue Yellow‐brown silks most

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Page 1: Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin - Iowa State …...Aspergillus ear rot disease cycle Spores produced June through Sept. Survives in soil & crop residue Yellow‐brown silks most

Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin

Alison Robertson, ISU Extension [email protected]

alisonrISU

Evaluate this presentation

Page 2: Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin - Iowa State …...Aspergillus ear rot disease cycle Spores produced June through Sept. Survives in soil & crop residue Yellow‐brown silks most

What is Aspergillus ear rot?

• Olive‐green powdery ear rot of corn• Caused by Aspergillus flavus• Most prevalent in drought conditions

Page 3: Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin - Iowa State …...Aspergillus ear rot disease cycle Spores produced June through Sept. Survives in soil & crop residue Yellow‐brown silks most

Aspergillus ear rot disease cycle

Spores produced June through Sept. 

Survives in soil & crop residue

Yellow‐brown silks most susceptible to infection;High temp >90F

Colonizes surface; when MC<32% = internal infection

Signs of ear rot

Page 4: Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin - Iowa State …...Aspergillus ear rot disease cycle Spores produced June through Sept. Survives in soil & crop residue Yellow‐brown silks most

Favorable conditions for A. flavus growth and aflatoxin production 

Temperature

Moisture

16% 30%

45F 120FAspergillus growth

Aflatoxin production17%

52F 104F

? %

So, the fungus can grow at higher and lower temperatures & moistures and 

not produce aflatoxin

Page 5: Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin - Iowa State …...Aspergillus ear rot disease cycle Spores produced June through Sept. Survives in soil & crop residue Yellow‐brown silks most

Practices to manage aflatoxin contamination

Method RationaleEarly planting, irrigation, short season hybrids

Reduce heat/moisture stress

Provide adequate nutrition N‐deficient corn more susceptible

Plant Bt‐hybrids/appropriate timing of insecticides

Insect damage associated with more infection/aflatoxin contamination

Application of atoxigenic strains at tasseling

Displace toxigenic strains

Incorporate crop residues Reduce inoculum density

Page 6: Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin - Iowa State …...Aspergillus ear rot disease cycle Spores produced June through Sept. Survives in soil & crop residue Yellow‐brown silks most

Determining if a field is at risk for aflatoxin

1.  Scout for ear rot at black layer– look for characteristic signs

2. If >10% ears have ear rot, schedule early harvest

Page 7: Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin - Iowa State …...Aspergillus ear rot disease cycle Spores produced June through Sept. Survives in soil & crop residue Yellow‐brown silks most

1. Notify your insurance adjuster

2. Adjust combine settings to reduce damage to grain

3. Clean bins

4. Harvest at ~25% moisture.  Leave strips in the field if the adjuster has not visited the field

5. Store moldy grain in a separate bin to good grain

6. Cool and dry grain as quickly as possible to prevent further fungal growth and aflatoxin product

Harvesting a field with potential aflatoxin

Page 8: Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin - Iowa State …...Aspergillus ear rot disease cycle Spores produced June through Sept. Survives in soil & crop residue Yellow‐brown silks most

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