7/24/2019 Aspect of the Russian Verbs

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Aspect of the Verb

As you may know, Russian verbs have only three tenses: past, present and

future. However this is complicated by existence of the category of aspect. It

usually causes difficulties for English speakers as verb aspect in English is

completely different from that in Russian.

Aspect is a system of verb pairs. For example, the English verb "to look" has

the corresponding Russian verb pair - .

There are two aspects of verbs in Russian: perfective and imperfective.

Perfective verbs answer the question " ?" (, ,

), while imperfective verbs answer the question " ?"

(, , ).

Perfective verbs emphasize the completion of the action or the result(, , ). Imperfective verbs show the continuation and

repetition of the action (, , ).

It is possible for perfective and imperfective verbs to have equal vocabulary

meaning, as the following verbs do: (impf.) - (pf.)

- - . But it is more common for

them to have some shades of meaning, for example: (impf.) -

(pf.) - (pf.) - - .

On the one hand, perfective verbs are formed from imperfective verbs with

the help of:

prefixes ( - , - )

suffixes ( - , - )

accent ( - )

stem change ( - , - , -

)

On the other hand, imperfective verbs are formed from perfective verbs with

the help of such suffixes as -, -, -, - ( -

, - , - ,

- ).

Test yourself:

a. Define the aspect of the verbs in the following sentences?

1. .2. .

3. .

. Perfective aspect

B. Imperfective aspect

b. Form an aspect pair for the following verbs?

1.

2.

3.

c. What method is used to form the perfective verb in the pair

" - "?

1. adding the prefix2. changing the stem

3. changing the accent

Answers:

a.1-B 2-B 3-A b. (perfective)- (imperfective),

(imperfective)- (perfective), (perfective) -

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