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Asia-Pacific Policy Rebalance _ Erewise
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12/27/2014 AsiaPacificPolicyRebalance|Erewise
data:text/htmlcharset=utf8,%3Cdiv%20itemscope%3D%22%22%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fschema.org%2FArticle%22%20class%3D%22a 1/3
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AsiaPacificPolicyRebalance18Dec2013 Comments(0)
TOPICSINTHEARTICLETransPacificPartnership:1.The2005TransPacificStrategicEconomicPartnershipAgreement(TPSEPorP4orTPP)isatradeagreementamongBrunei,Chile,NewZealand,andSingapore.ItspurportedaimsaretofurtherliberalisetheeconomiesoftheAsiaPacificregion.2.LocationisinWellington,NewZealand.3.Since2010,negotiationshavebeentakingplacefortheTransPacificPartnership(TPP),aproposalforasignificantlyexpandedversionofTPSEP.TheTPPisaproposedtradeagreementundernegotiationby(asofAugust2013)Australia,Brunei,Chile,Canada,Japan,Malaysia,Mexico,NewZealand,Peru,Singapore,theUnitedStates,andVietnam.4.TheTPPisostensiblyintendedtobea"highstandard"agreementaimedatemergingtradeissuesinthe21stcentury.Theseongoingnegotiationshavedrawncriticismandprotestfromthepublic,advocacygroups,andelectedofficials,inpartduetothesecrecyofthenegotiations,theexpansivescopeoftheagreement,andcontroversialclausesindraftsleakedtothepublic.OriginandEvolutionofthepolicyIn2011,ObamaadministrationissuedandtookaseriesofstepsforplayingasignificantroleintheAsiaPacificregioncitingitsimportance.USAidentifiedthisregionasgeostrategicallyimportant.Itcanbestudiedintwophases.Whenthepolicywasfirstrolledoutin201112,muchoftheemphasiswasplacedonmilitaryinitiativesintheregion.Chinadisapprovedoftheseinitiatives,andBeijingtookstepstodemonstrateitspowerinmaritimeterritorialdisputeswithU.S.allies.TheObamaadministrationadjusteditsapproachinlate2012,playingdownthesignificanceofmilitaryinitiatives,emphasizingeconomicanddiplomaticelements,and
12/27/2014 AsiaPacificPolicyRebalance|Erewise
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callingforcloserU.S.engagementwithChina.STRATEGICRATIONALEFORTHEREBALANCEChinasawthispolicysoastocontainChina.ButthegoalsweremuchbroaderthanwhatChinaisclaiming.Itincludesstrategic,economicandpoliticalconsiderations.AftermuchfocusonIraqandAfghanistan&adecadeofWarthere,ObamaadministrationisplacingmoreemphasisonNortheast,SoutheastandSouthAsiapartsoftheworldthatwillbeofgrowingstrategicandeconomicimportanceinthefirsthalfofthe21stcentury.Ingeostrategicterms,therebalanceistheObamaadministrationsgrandstrategyforU.S.foreignpolicy.AlsothispolicyismeetingthegrowingconcernstrategicreassuranceinthewakeofassertiveChina.ToreassureU.S.allies,friends,andothercountriesintheregionthattheUnitedStateshasnotbeenexhaustedafteradecadeofwar,thatithasnotbeenweakenedbyeconomicandpoliticalproblemsathome,andthatitisnotgoingtodisengagefromAsiaPacificaffairs.ELEMENTSOFTHEREBALANCEItsamultidimensionalpolicyinitiative.Inregionalterms,theshiftincludesastrongeremphasisonSoutheastAsiaandSouthAsiatocomplementtraditionallystrongAmericanattentiontoNortheastAsia.Inpolicyterms,therebalanceentailsthreesetsofinitiativessecurity,economic,anddiplomaticelements.Security:ChangesintheU.S.militaryforcestructurearehighlyvisibleandhaveattractedmuchattention.Equippedwithmoderntechnologynewmilitaryhasbeendeployedinthisregion.Greatermilitaryintegrationwithallies.Economic:aimstoexpandbilateralandmultilateraleconomiccooperationbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheregion.MuchofthediscussionhasfocusedontheTransPacificPartnership(TPP),aproposedfreetradeagreementthatpresentlyinvolvestheUnitedStatesand11othercountries,butdoesnotcurrentlyincludeChina.TheObamaadministrationhasalsobegunaprocesswhichwillincreaseforeignassistancetotheAsiaPacificregionbysevenpercent.Diplomatic:U.S.diplomaticactivismhasinvolvedstrengtheningU.S.alliancesbuildingdeeperrelationshipswithpartnerssuchasSingaporeandIndiadeepeningengagementwithmultilateralinstitutionsandmanagingtheU.S.Chinarelationship.REGIONALRESPONSETOTHEREBALANCEChinaisnotparticularlyhappyabouttherebalanceofUSAsiarelations.ChinasaysthatthispolicyisawayofcontainingChinainacoldwarstyle.But,itisalsotruethatChineseofficialsarenowmorepositivetowardU.S.ChinamilitarycooperationthanatanytimeduringtheObamaadministration.Otherregionalpowershavetwopositions.Position1:mostregionalpowershavebeenpubliclyorprivatelypleasedtoseethestrongerU.S.commitmenttotheAsiaPacificregion.Position2:regionalpowersarealsokeentoavoidhavingtochoosebetweentheUnitedStatesandChina.Theyverymuchwanttohavegoodrelationshipswithbothcountries.CountrieslikePhilippines,Japan,SouthKorea,andSingaporehavebeenexceptionstothegenerallymutedofficialreactionsintheregion.TheysupportUSinitiativeimmensely.InthefaceofarisingandincreasinglyassertiveChina,manycountriesintheAsiaPacificregionhavedrawnonclassicbalanceofpowerthinkingandrebalancedtheirpositionsclosertothenonthreateninggreatpower.INDIAANDTHISPOLICYAllthisstartedwiththeunsuccessfulvisittoChinain2009byMr.Obama.ChinaassertedthatWashingtonwasonthevergeofdecline&soChinawasnotinterestedtosolveworldproblemstogether.Ifthispolicyhadbeendelayedinitsimplementation,wouldhaveweakenedU.S.alliancesinAsiaandraisedthethreatofChina.
12/27/2014 AsiaPacificPolicyRebalance|Erewise
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Indiawelcomedtherebalance.ButIndiahasbeencautioustopubliclyembracethenewinitiative.Butprivately,IndiahasencouragedUSAsinitiative.ButiscautiousaboutChina,asitisthelargesttradingpartner&anengineforgrowthforIndiaaswellasthedifferencebetweenmilitarymightofChinaissignificantlyincreasing.UnambiguousChineseassertivenessontheIndiaChinaborderorinneighboringcountriescouldleadDelhitoalignitselfmorecloselywiththeUS.PROSPECTSOFUSCHINARELATIONSANDTHEASIAPACIFICREGIONAhappyendingispossiblethoughnotguaranteed.Thetwopowersnamely,China&USAcancoexistpeacefullyifthestrategicaspirationsarecompatible.Bothcanbenefitfromoneself&togethersolvetheworldproblems.Tofacilitateapositiveoutcome,itwouldbeadvisabletoencourageChinasparticipationintheTPP.Economicinterdependenceisnotapanacea,butithasconflictdampeningbenefits.ItwouldalsobeadvisabletoencourageChinasinvolvementinmoremilitarytomilitarydiscussionsandcooperativesecurityendeavors.Transparencyisnotapanacea,butittoohasconflictdampeningbenefits.Moregenerally,itwillbeadvisabletoencourageChinasintegrationintoregionalandglobalinstitutionsasmuchaspossible.