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12/27/2014 AsiaPacific Policy Rebalance | Erewise data:text/html;charset=utf8,%3Cdiv%20itemscope%3D%22%22%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fschema.org%2FArticle%22%20class%3D%22a… 1/3 3 AsiaPacific Policy Rebalance 18Dec2013 Comments (0) TOPICS IN THE ARTICLE TransPacific Partnership: 1. The 2005 TransPacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (TPSEP or P4 or TPP) is a trade agreement among Brunei, Chile, New Zealand, and Singapore. Its purported aims are to further liberalise economies of the AsiaPacific region. 2. Location is in Wellington, New Zealand. 3. Since 2010, negotiations have been taking place for the TransPacific Partnership (TPP), a proposal for significantly expanded version of TPSEP. The TPP is a proposed trade agreement under negotiation by (a August 2013) Australia, Brunei, Chile, Canada, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, United States, and Vietnam. 4. The TPP is ostensibly intended to be a "highstandard" agreement aimed at emerging trade issues in th 21st century. These ongoing negotiations have drawn criticism and protest from the public, advocacy grou and elected officials, in part due to the secrecy of the negotiations, the expansive scope of the agreement and controversial clauses in drafts leaked to the public. Origin and Evolution of the policy In 2011, Obama administration issued and took a series of steps for playing a significant role in the Asia Pacific region citing its importance. USA identified this region as geostrategically important. It can be studied in two phases. When the policy was first rolled out in 201112, much of the emphasis was placed on military initiatives the region. China disapproved of these initiatives, and Beijing took steps to demonstrate its power in maritime territorial disputes with U.S. allies. The Obama administration adjusted its approach in late 2012,

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  • 12/27/2014 AsiaPacificPolicyRebalance|Erewise

    data:text/htmlcharset=utf8,%3Cdiv%20itemscope%3D%22%22%20itemtype%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fschema.org%2FArticle%22%20class%3D%22a 1/3

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    AsiaPacificPolicyRebalance18Dec2013 Comments(0)

    TOPICSINTHEARTICLETransPacificPartnership:1.The2005TransPacificStrategicEconomicPartnershipAgreement(TPSEPorP4orTPP)isatradeagreementamongBrunei,Chile,NewZealand,andSingapore.ItspurportedaimsaretofurtherliberalisetheeconomiesoftheAsiaPacificregion.2.LocationisinWellington,NewZealand.3.Since2010,negotiationshavebeentakingplacefortheTransPacificPartnership(TPP),aproposalforasignificantlyexpandedversionofTPSEP.TheTPPisaproposedtradeagreementundernegotiationby(asofAugust2013)Australia,Brunei,Chile,Canada,Japan,Malaysia,Mexico,NewZealand,Peru,Singapore,theUnitedStates,andVietnam.4.TheTPPisostensiblyintendedtobea"highstandard"agreementaimedatemergingtradeissuesinthe21stcentury.Theseongoingnegotiationshavedrawncriticismandprotestfromthepublic,advocacygroups,andelectedofficials,inpartduetothesecrecyofthenegotiations,theexpansivescopeoftheagreement,andcontroversialclausesindraftsleakedtothepublic.OriginandEvolutionofthepolicyIn2011,ObamaadministrationissuedandtookaseriesofstepsforplayingasignificantroleintheAsiaPacificregioncitingitsimportance.USAidentifiedthisregionasgeostrategicallyimportant.Itcanbestudiedintwophases.Whenthepolicywasfirstrolledoutin201112,muchoftheemphasiswasplacedonmilitaryinitiativesintheregion.Chinadisapprovedoftheseinitiatives,andBeijingtookstepstodemonstrateitspowerinmaritimeterritorialdisputeswithU.S.allies.TheObamaadministrationadjusteditsapproachinlate2012,playingdownthesignificanceofmilitaryinitiatives,emphasizingeconomicanddiplomaticelements,and

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    callingforcloserU.S.engagementwithChina.STRATEGICRATIONALEFORTHEREBALANCEChinasawthispolicysoastocontainChina.ButthegoalsweremuchbroaderthanwhatChinaisclaiming.Itincludesstrategic,economicandpoliticalconsiderations.AftermuchfocusonIraqandAfghanistan&adecadeofWarthere,ObamaadministrationisplacingmoreemphasisonNortheast,SoutheastandSouthAsiapartsoftheworldthatwillbeofgrowingstrategicandeconomicimportanceinthefirsthalfofthe21stcentury.Ingeostrategicterms,therebalanceistheObamaadministrationsgrandstrategyforU.S.foreignpolicy.AlsothispolicyismeetingthegrowingconcernstrategicreassuranceinthewakeofassertiveChina.ToreassureU.S.allies,friends,andothercountriesintheregionthattheUnitedStateshasnotbeenexhaustedafteradecadeofwar,thatithasnotbeenweakenedbyeconomicandpoliticalproblemsathome,andthatitisnotgoingtodisengagefromAsiaPacificaffairs.ELEMENTSOFTHEREBALANCEItsamultidimensionalpolicyinitiative.Inregionalterms,theshiftincludesastrongeremphasisonSoutheastAsiaandSouthAsiatocomplementtraditionallystrongAmericanattentiontoNortheastAsia.Inpolicyterms,therebalanceentailsthreesetsofinitiativessecurity,economic,anddiplomaticelements.Security:ChangesintheU.S.militaryforcestructurearehighlyvisibleandhaveattractedmuchattention.Equippedwithmoderntechnologynewmilitaryhasbeendeployedinthisregion.Greatermilitaryintegrationwithallies.Economic:aimstoexpandbilateralandmultilateraleconomiccooperationbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheregion.MuchofthediscussionhasfocusedontheTransPacificPartnership(TPP),aproposedfreetradeagreementthatpresentlyinvolvestheUnitedStatesand11othercountries,butdoesnotcurrentlyincludeChina.TheObamaadministrationhasalsobegunaprocesswhichwillincreaseforeignassistancetotheAsiaPacificregionbysevenpercent.Diplomatic:U.S.diplomaticactivismhasinvolvedstrengtheningU.S.alliancesbuildingdeeperrelationshipswithpartnerssuchasSingaporeandIndiadeepeningengagementwithmultilateralinstitutionsandmanagingtheU.S.Chinarelationship.REGIONALRESPONSETOTHEREBALANCEChinaisnotparticularlyhappyabouttherebalanceofUSAsiarelations.ChinasaysthatthispolicyisawayofcontainingChinainacoldwarstyle.But,itisalsotruethatChineseofficialsarenowmorepositivetowardU.S.ChinamilitarycooperationthanatanytimeduringtheObamaadministration.Otherregionalpowershavetwopositions.Position1:mostregionalpowershavebeenpubliclyorprivatelypleasedtoseethestrongerU.S.commitmenttotheAsiaPacificregion.Position2:regionalpowersarealsokeentoavoidhavingtochoosebetweentheUnitedStatesandChina.Theyverymuchwanttohavegoodrelationshipswithbothcountries.CountrieslikePhilippines,Japan,SouthKorea,andSingaporehavebeenexceptionstothegenerallymutedofficialreactionsintheregion.TheysupportUSinitiativeimmensely.InthefaceofarisingandincreasinglyassertiveChina,manycountriesintheAsiaPacificregionhavedrawnonclassicbalanceofpowerthinkingandrebalancedtheirpositionsclosertothenonthreateninggreatpower.INDIAANDTHISPOLICYAllthisstartedwiththeunsuccessfulvisittoChinain2009byMr.Obama.ChinaassertedthatWashingtonwasonthevergeofdecline&soChinawasnotinterestedtosolveworldproblemstogether.Ifthispolicyhadbeendelayedinitsimplementation,wouldhaveweakenedU.S.alliancesinAsiaandraisedthethreatofChina.

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    Indiawelcomedtherebalance.ButIndiahasbeencautioustopubliclyembracethenewinitiative.Butprivately,IndiahasencouragedUSAsinitiative.ButiscautiousaboutChina,asitisthelargesttradingpartner&anengineforgrowthforIndiaaswellasthedifferencebetweenmilitarymightofChinaissignificantlyincreasing.UnambiguousChineseassertivenessontheIndiaChinaborderorinneighboringcountriescouldleadDelhitoalignitselfmorecloselywiththeUS.PROSPECTSOFUSCHINARELATIONSANDTHEASIAPACIFICREGIONAhappyendingispossiblethoughnotguaranteed.Thetwopowersnamely,China&USAcancoexistpeacefullyifthestrategicaspirationsarecompatible.Bothcanbenefitfromoneself&togethersolvetheworldproblems.Tofacilitateapositiveoutcome,itwouldbeadvisabletoencourageChinasparticipationintheTPP.Economicinterdependenceisnotapanacea,butithasconflictdampeningbenefits.ItwouldalsobeadvisabletoencourageChinasinvolvementinmoremilitarytomilitarydiscussionsandcooperativesecurityendeavors.Transparencyisnotapanacea,butittoohasconflictdampeningbenefits.Moregenerally,itwillbeadvisabletoencourageChinasintegrationintoregionalandglobalinstitutionsasmuchaspossible.