ASHRAE STANDARD Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air … Library/Technical Resources/Standards... · 2 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum q to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 When many chemicals

ASHRAE STANDARDASHRAE STANDARD

ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum q toANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007

Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality

Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on January 23, 2010; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors onJanuary 27, 2010; and by the American National Standards Institute on January 28, 2010.

This standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for whichthe Standards Committee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revi-sions, including procedures for timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part ofthe standard. The change submittal form, instructions, and deadlines may be obtained in electronic form fromthe ASHRAE Web site, http://www.ashrae.org, or in paper form from the Manager of Standards. The latest edi-tion of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE,Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: [email protected]. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (world-wide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada).

© Copyright 2010 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

ISSN 1041-2336

American Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.org

ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2009–2010

Steven T. Bushby, Chair Merle F. McBrideH. Michael Newman, Vice-Chair Frank MyersRobert G. Baker Janice C. PetersonMichael F. Beda Douglas T. ReindlHoy R. Bohanon, Jr. Lawrence J. SchoenKenneth W. Cooper Boggarm S. SettyK. William Dean Bodh R. SubherwalMartin Dieryckx James R. TaubyAllan B. Fraser James K. VallortKatherine G. Hammack William F. WalterNadar R. Jayaraman Michael W. WoodfordByron W. Jones Craig P. WrayJay A. Kohler Wayne R. Reedy, BOD ExOCarol E. Marriott Thomas E. Watson, CO

Stephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of Standards

SPECIAL NOTE

This American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached bydirectly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with thisstandard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.

ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The Project

Committee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees.

The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.

DISCLAIMER

ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAE’s Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.

ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDS

ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.

In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.

ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 62.1Cognizant TC: TC 4.3, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

SPLS Liaison: Donald L. BrandtStaff Liaison: Mark Weber

*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication.

Dennis A. Stanke, Chair* Vincent T. Galatro Christopher O. MullerRoger L. Hedrick, Vice-Chair* Francis Michael Gallo Lisa J. Rogers*Leon E. Alevantis* Diane I. Green Duane P. RothsteinMichael G. Apte* Donald C. Herrmann* Chandra Sekhar*Hoy R. Bohanon, Jr. Eli P. Howard, III* Harris M. Sheinman*Gregory Brunner Roger L. Howard* Jeffrey K. SmithMark P. Buttner Wayne M. Lawton Christine Q. SunWaller S. Clements* Don MacMillan Wayne R. Thomann*Leonard A. Damiano* John K. McFarland* Dilip Y. Vyavaharkar*Francis J. Fisher, Jr.* Adam S. Muliawan Michael W. Woodford*

(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)

FOREWORD

Designers who choose to use the IAQ Procedure mustidentify contaminants of concern. Table B-3 lists some volatileorganic compounds that designers might want to consider.

Also, the impact of mixtures of some contaminants onhumans may be considered to be “additive” (this is a basicassumption in the Ventilation Rate Procedure). To encouragedesigners to consider “additivity” when applying the IAQProcedure, some guidance from the American Conference ofGovernmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has beenincluded in the informative text.

Note: In this addendum, changes to the current standardare indicated in the text by underlining (for additions) andstrikethrough (for deletions) unless the instructions specifi-cally mention some other means of indicating the changes.

[Revise Informative Appendix B as follows:]

(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)

INFORMATIVE APPENDIX BSUMMARY OF SELECTEDAIR QUALITY GUIDELINES

If particular contaminants are of concern or if the IndoorAir Quality Procedure is to be used, acceptable indoor concen-trations and exposures are needed for the particular contami-nants. When using this procedure, these concentration andexposure values need to be documented and justified by refer-ence to a cognizant authority as defined in the standard. Suchguidelines or other limiting values can also be useful for diag-nostic purposes. At present, no single organization developsacceptable concentrations or exposures for all indoor aircontaminants, nor are values available for all contaminants ofpotential concern. A number of organizations offer guidelinevalues for selected indoor air contaminants. These values havebeen developed primarily for ambient air, occupationalsettings, and, in some cases, for residential settings. Theyshould be applied with an understanding of their basis andapplicability to the indoor environment of concern. If anacceptable concentration or exposure has not been publishedfor a contaminant of concern, a value may be derived through

review of the toxicological and epidemiological evidenceusing appropriate consultation. However, the evidence withrespect to health effects is likely to be insufficient for manycontaminants. At present, there is no quantitative definition ofacceptable indoor air quality that can necessarily be met bymeasuring one or more contaminants.

Table B-1 presents selected standards and guidelines usedin Canada, Germany, Europe, and the United States for accept-able concentrations of substances in ambient air, indoor air,and industrial workplace environments. These values areissued by cognizant authorities and have not been developedor endorsed by ASHRAE. The table is presented only as back-ground information when using the Indoor Air Quality Proce-dure. Specialized expertise should be sought before selectinga value for use in estimating outdoor airflow rates using theIndoor Air Quality Procedure or for building design or diag-nostics purposes. Meeting one, some, or all of the listed valuesdoes not ensure that acceptable indoor air quality (as definedin this standard) will be achieved.

Tables B-2 and B-3 lists concentration values of interestfor selected contaminants as general guidance for buildingdesign, diagnostics, and ventilation system design using theIndoor Air Quality Procedure. The values in the table arebased on cognizant authorities and studies reported in peer-reviewed scientific publications; ASHRAE does not recom-mend their adoption as regulatory values, standards, or guide-lines. The tables areis presented as further background whenusing the Indoor Air Quality Procedure. Consultation shouldbe sought before selecting a particular value for use in calcu-lating ventilation using the Indoor Air Quality Procedure.Meeting one, some, or all of the listed values does not ensurethat acceptable indoor air quality will be achieved.

Selection of a specific target concentration and exposureis best made by a team with wide experience in toxicology,industrial hygiene, and exposure assessment. As they reviewthe specific concentrations listed in Tables B-1, and B-2, andB-3 or others taken from other sources, designers should bemindful of the following:

• Standards and guidelines are developed for differentpurposes and should be interpreted with reference to thesetting and purpose for which they were developed com-pared to that to which they are being applied.

• Not all standards and guideline values recognize thepresence of susceptible groups or address typical popu-lations found in occupancies listed in this standard.

• Most standards and guidelines do not consider interac-tions between and among various contaminants of con-cern.

• The assumptions and conditions set forth by the stan-dard or guideline may not be met in the space or for theoccupants being considered (such as 8-hour day, 40-hour work week).

When many chemicals are present in the air, as theyalmost always are in indoor air, then some way of addressingpotential interaction of these chemicals is warranted. For addi-tive effects and exceptions, the reader is referred to ACGIH forguidance on the subject.B-1

Addendum q to Standard 62.1-2007

ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum q to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 1

When many chemicals are present in the air, as theyalmost always are in indoor air, then some way of addressingpotential additive effects is warranted. The ACGIH guidanceon the subject instructs that when two or more substancesacting on the “…same organ system are present, theircombined effect, rather than that of either individually, shouldbe given primary consideration.” B-1 Information on affectedorgans is readily available on the websites of the cited refer-ences for ACGIH, OEHHA, and ATSDR. If no contradictoryinformation is available, the effects of the different substances“should be considered as additive.” A formula is givenwherein the ratios of the concentrations of each substance withthe same health-related endpoint to the threshold-limit valuefor each substance are added. If the sum of all these ratiosexceeds unity, then it is considered that the concentrationvalue has been exceeded.

where

Ci = the airborne concentration of the substance, and

Ti = the threshold-limit value of that substance.

Guideline Values for Industrial Environments

ACGIH threshold limit values, or TLVs®, have beenapplied to industrial workplace air contaminants.B-1 (Refer-ence B-2 is the German counterpart.) The ACGIH TLVs®represent maximum acceptable 8-hour, time-weighted aver-age (TWA), 15-minute short-term exposure limit (STEL) andinstantaneous (ceiling) case limits. It is a source of concentra-tion limits for many chemical substances and physical agentsfor industrial use. In light of the constantly changing state ofknowledge, the document is updated annually. It cautions theuser, “The values listed in this book are intended for use in thepractice of industrial hygiene as guidelines or recommenda-tions to assist in the control of potential health hazards and forno other use.”

Caution must be used in directly extending the ACGIHTLVs® or other workplace guidelines to spaces covered bythis standard and to population groups other than workers.Industrial health practice attempts to limit worker exposure toinjurious substances at levels that do not interfere with theindustrial work process and do not risk the workers' health andsafety. There is not an intention to eliminate all effects, suchas unpleasant smells or mild irritation. Further, the healthcriteria are not uniformly derived for all contaminants. Irrita-tion, narcosis, and nuisance or other forms of stress are notuniformly considered as the basis for the concentration limits.This is because different organizations use different end pointsand different contaminants have more or less informationavailable on diverse end points of interest. The target popula-tion is also different from the occupants found in the spacescovered by this standard. Healthy industrial workers tend tochange jobs or occupations if an exposure becomes intolera-ble. In contrast, workers in commercial environments such as

offices often do not expect elevated concentrations of poten-tially harmful substances in their work environments. Also,monitoring programs are unlikely to be in place, as may be thecase with industrial workplaces. In addition, the general popu-lation may have less choice about where they spend most oftheir time and includes those who may be more sensitive, suchas children, asthmatics, allergic individuals, the sick, and theelderly.

Guidelines for Substances in Outdoor Air

Guidelines have been developed for outdoor air for anumber of chemicals and metals, as shown in many of thereferences. These values, including some for metals, may beappropriate for some indoor environments, but they should beapplied only after appropriate consultation. These guidelinesalso provide guidance concerning the quality of outside air ifthere is suspicion that outdoor air may be contaminated withspecific substances or if there is a known source of contami-nation nearby.B-3

Regulation of Occupational Exposure to Airborne Contaminants

Regulations of occupational exposure to workplacehazards are based on the results of accumulated experiencewith worker health and toxicological research and carefullyevaluated by groups of experts. Effects are examined in rela-tion to exposure to the injurious substance. Exposure isdefined as the mathematical product of the concentration ofthe contaminant and the time during which a person is exposedto this concentration. Since concentration may vary with time,exposure is typically calculated across the appropriate aver-aging time, expressed as a TWA concentration, STEL, or ceil-ing limit. Regulations of the U.S. Occupational Safety andHealth Administration (OSHA) are TWAs in most cases.

Industrial exposures are regulated on the basis of a 40-hour workweek with 8- to 10-hour days. During the remainderof the time, exposure is anticipated to be substantially lowerfor the contaminant(s) of concern. Application of industrialexposure limits would not necessarily be appropriate for otherindoor settings, occupancies, and exposure scenarios.However, for certain contaminants that lack exposure limitsfor a specific nonindustrial target population, substantialdownward adjustments to occupational limits have sometimesbeen used.

Substances Lacking Guidelines and Standards

For indoor contaminants for which an acceptable concen-tration and exposure value has not been established by a cogni-zant authority, one approach has been to assume that somefraction of TLV® is applicable and would not lead to adversehealth effects or complaints in general populations. Thisapproach should not be used without first assessing its suit-ability for the contaminant of concern. In any event, if appro-priate standards or guidelines do not exist, expertise must besought or research needs to be conducted to determinecontaminant concentrations and exposures that are acceptable.

C1T1------

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2 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum q to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007

Subjective Evaluation

Indoor air often contains complex mixtures of contami-nants of concern such as environmental tobacco smoke, B-30,

B-31 infectious and allergenic biological aerosols,B-32 andemissions of chemicals from commercial and consumer prod-ucts. Precise quantitative treatment of these contaminants canbe difficult or impossible in most cases. Chemical composi-tion alone may not always be adequate to reliably predict thereaction of building occupants exposed to most commonmixtures of substances found in indoor air. There are manytoxicological endpoints used in assessing the effects fromexposure to air contaminants.

Irritation of mucosal tissue such as that found in the humannose, eyes, and the upper airways is one of the endpoints oftenused in assessing short-term exposure to air contaminants.These irritation responses can occur after the “irritant receptor”is exposed to nonreactive compounds, to reactive compoundswith a different pattern of dose-response relationships, andthrough allergic and other immunologic effects for which doseresponse relationships have not been well defined. Susceptiblepopulations, i.e., individuals with atopy (“allergies”) mayreport irritation at lower levels of exposures than individualswithout allergies. Other susceptible populations, such as the

elderly and the young, may differ from healthy adults in theirresponse to irritating and odorous substances.

To some degree, adequacy of control may rest uponsubjective evaluation. Panels of observers have been used toperform subjective evaluation of indoor air quality in build-ings. Many contaminants have odors or are irritants that maybe detected by human occupants or visitors to a space. Gener-ally the air can be considered acceptably free of annoyingcontaminants if 80% of a panel consisting of a group ofuntrained subjects exposed to known concentrations ofcontaminants under representative controlled conditions ofuse and occupancy deems the air not to be objectionable.

When performing a subjective evaluation, an observershould enter the space in the manner of a normal visitor andshould render a judgment of acceptability within 15 seconds.Each observer should make the evaluation independently ofother observers and without influence from a panel leader.Users of subjective evaluation methods are cautioned that theyonly test odor and sensory responses. Some harmful contam-inants will not be detected by such tests. Carbon monoxide andradon are two examples of odorless contaminants that posesignificant health risks. To evaluate the acceptability ofadapted persons (occupants), an observer should spend at leastsix minutes in the space before rendering a judgment ofacceptability.B-29


Guide for Using TABLE B-1

The substances listed in Table B-1 are common air contaminants in industrial and non-industrial environments. The valuessummarized in this table are from various sources with diverse procedures and criteria for establishing the values. Some are forindustrial environments (OSHA, MAK, NIOSH, ACGIH), some are for outdoor environments (NAAQS), and others are general(WHO) or indoor residential environment-related (Canadian) values. The following explanations are intended to assist the readerby providing a brief description of the criteria each agency used in adopting its guideline values.

• NAAQS: Outdoor air standards developed by the U.S. EPA under the Clean Air Act. By law, the values listed in these regula-tions must be reviewed every five years. These concentrations are selected to protect not only the general population but alsothe most sensitive individuals.

• OSHA: Enforceable maximum exposures for industrial environments developed by OSHA (U.S. Department of Labor)through a formal rule-making process. Once an exposure limit has been set, levels can be changed only through reopeningthe rule-making process. These permissible exposure limits (PELs) are not selected to protect the most sensitive individu-als.

• MAK: Recommended maximum exposures for industrial environments developed by the Deutsche Forschungs Gemein-schaft, a German institution similar to the U.S. National Institutes of Health and NIOSH. Levels are set on a regular basis,with annual reviews and periodic republication of criteria levels. These levels are enforceable in Germany and are notselected to protect the most sensitive individuals.

• Canadian: Recommended maximum exposures for residences developed in 1987 and reaffirmed in 1995 by a committeeof provincial members convened by the federal government to establish consensus guideline-type levels. A revised versionis being considered. These are not intended to be enforced.

• WHO/Europe: Environmental (nonindustrial) guidelines developed in 1987 and updated in 1999 by the WHO Office forEurope (Denmark). Intended for application both to indoor and outdoor exposure.

• NIOSH: Recommended maximum exposure guidelines for industrial environments are developed by NIOSH (Centers forDisease Control) and published in a series of criteria documents. NIOSH criteria documents contain both a review of theliterature and a recommended exposure limit (REL) guideline. These are not enforceable, are not reviewed regularly, andare not selected to protect the most sensitive individuals. In some cases, they are set at levels above those deemed protec-tive of health because commonly available industrial hygiene practice does not reliably detect the substances at lower lev-els. (Note that methods used in nonindustrial settings are often more sensitive than NIOSH methods for industrial hygienemeasurements.)

• ACGIH: Recommended maximum exposures for industrial environments developed by ACGIH’s Threshold Limit Values(TLVs®) Committee. The committee reviews the scientific literature and recommends exposure guidelines. The assump-tions are for usual industrial working conditions, 40-hour weeks, and single exposures. Surveillance practices for bothexposures and biological responses are often in place in the work environments where these levels are used. These levelsare not selected to protect the most sensitive individuals. About half of the TLVs® are intended to protect against irrita-tion. Published studies have shown that many of the TLVs® intended to protect against irritation actually represent levelswhere some or all of the study subjects did report irritation.B-33, B-34

The table is not inclusive of all contaminants in indoor air, and achieving the listed indoor concentrations for all of the listedsubstances does not ensure odor acceptability, avoidance of sensory irritation, or all adverse health effects for all occupants. Inaddition to indoor contaminant levels, the acceptability of indoor air also involves thermal conditions, indoor moisture levels asthey impact microbial growth, and other indoor environmental factors. ASHRAE is not selecting or recommending defaultconcentrations.

Users of this table should recognize that unlisted noxious contaminants can also cause unacceptable indoor air quality with regardto comfort (sensory irritation), odors, and health. When such contaminants are known or might reasonably be expected to be pres-ent, selection of an acceptable concentration and exposure may require reference to other guidelines or a review and evaluationof relevant toxicological and epidemiological literature.


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AA

QS/

EPA

(R

ef. B

-4)

OSH

A (

Ref

. B-5

) M

AK

(R

ef. B

-2)

Can

adia

n (R

ef. B

-8)

WH

O/E

urop

e (R

ef. B

-11)

N

IOSH

(R

ef. B

-13)

A

CG

IH (

Ref

. B-1

)

Car

bon

diox

ide

5,00

0 pp

m5,

000

ppm

10,0

00 p

pm [

1 h]

3,50

0 pp

m [

L]

5,00

0 pp

m30

,000

ppm

[15

min

]5,

000

ppm

30,0

00 p

pm [

15 m

in]

Car

bon

mon

oxid

ec 9

ppm

g

35 p

pm [

1 h]

g50

ppm

30 p

pm60

ppm

[30

min

]11

ppm

[8

h]25

ppm

[1

h]

90 p

pm [

15 m

in]

50 p

pm [

30 m

in]

25 p

pm [

1 h]

10 p

pm [

8 h]

35 p

pm20

0 pp

m [

C]

25 p

pm

Form

alde

hyde

h 0.

75 p

pm2

ppm

[15

min

]0.

3 pp

m1

ppm

i0.

1 pp

m [

L]

0.05

ppm

[L

]b0.

1 m

g/m

3 (0.0

81 p

pm) [

30

min

]p0.

016

ppm

0.1

ppm

[15

min

]0.

3 pp

m [

C]

Lea

d 1.

5 µg

/m3 [3

mon

ths]

0.05

mg/

m3

0.1

mg/

m3

1 m

g/m

3 [30

min

]M

inim

ize

expo

sure

0.5

µg/m

3 [1 y

r]0.

050

mg/

m3

0.05

mg/

m3

Nitr

ogen

dio

xide

0.

05 p

pm [

1 yr

]5

ppm

[C

]5

ppm

10 p

pm [

5 m

in]

0.05

ppm

0.25

ppm

[1

h]0.

1 pp

m[1

h]

0.02

ppm

[1

yr]

1 pp

m [

15 m

in]

3 pp

m5

ppm

[15

min

]

Ozo

ne

0.12

ppm

[1

h]g

0.08

ppm

0.1

ppm

j0.

12 p

pm [

1 h]

0.06

4 pp

m (

120

µg/m

3 ) [8

h]

0.1

ppm

[C

]

0.05

ppm

k

0.08

ppm

l

0.1

ppm

m

0.2

ppm

n

Part

icle

se <2

.5 µ

m

MM

AD

d 15

µg/

m3 [1

yr]

o

3565

µg/

m3 [2

4 h]

o5

mg/

m3

1.5

mg/

m3

for

<4 µ

m0.

1 m

g/m

3 [1 h

] 0.0

40

mg/

m3 [L

]3

mg/

m3 [

C]

Part

icle

se <10

µmM

MA

Dd

50 µ

g/m

3[1

yr]o

150

µg/m

3 [24

h]o

4 m

g/m

310

mg/

m3 [

C]

Rad

on

800

Bq/

m3 [

1 yr

]

Sulf

ur d

ioxi

de

0.03

ppm

[1

yr]

0.14

ppm

[24

h]g

5 pp

m0.

5 pp

m1

ppm

i0.

38 p

pm [

5 m

in]

0.01

9 pp

m0.

048

ppm

[24

h]

0.01

9 pp

m [

1 yr

]2

ppm

5 pp

m [

15 m

in]

2 pp

m5

ppm

[15

min

]To

tal P

artic

lese

15m

g/m

3

BSR/ASHRAE Addendum q to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 5


The substances listed in Table B-2 are common air contaminants of concern in nonindustrial environments. The targetconcentrations that have been set or proposed by various national or international organizations concerned with health andcomfort effects of outdoor and indoor air are listed for reference only. The table is not inclusive of all contaminants in indoorair, and achieving the target indoor concentrations for all of the listed substances does not ensure freedom from sensory irritationor from all adverse health effects for all occupants. In addition to indoor contaminant levels, the acceptability of indoor air alsoinvolves thermal conditions, indoor moisture levels as they impact microbial growth, and other indoor environmental factors.ASHRAE is not selecting or recommending default concentrations.

Health or comfort effects and exposure periods that are the basis for the guideline levels are listed in the “comments” column.For design, the goal should be to meet the guideline levels continuously during occupancy because people spend the great majorityof their time indoors.

Users of this table should recognize that unlisted noxious contaminants can also cause unacceptable indoor air quality withregard to comfort (sensory irritation), odors, and health. When such contaminants are known or might reasonably be expectedto be present, selection of an acceptable concentration and exposure may require reference to other guidelines or a review andevaluation of relevant toxicological and epidemiological literature. (Table B-2 summarizes some of this literature.)



TAB

LE B

-2 C

once

ntra

tion

of I

nter

est f

or S

elec

ted

Co

ntam

inan

ts(N

ote:

Ref

eren

ces

num

bers

that

are

follo

wed

by

[c] a

nd [m

] lis

t the

con

cent

ratio

ns o

f int

eres

t [c]

and

mea

sure

men

t met

hods

[m].)

(Not

e: T

he u

ser o

f any

val

ue in

this

tabl

e sh

ould

take

into

acc

ount

the

purp

ose

for w

hich

it w

as a

dopt

ed a

nd th

e m

eans

by

whi

ch it

was

dev

elop

ed.)

Con

tam

inan

tSo

urce

sC

once

ntra

tion

sof

Int

eres

tC

omm

ents

Ref

eren

ces

Car

bon

Mon

oxid

e (C

O)

Lea

king

ven

ted

com

bust

ion

appl

ianc

esU

nven

ted

com

bust

ion

appl

ianc

es

Park

ing

gara

ges

Out

door

air

9 pp

m (

8 h)

B

ased

on

effe

cts

on p

erso

ns w

ith c

oron

ary

arte

ry d

isea

se, a

vera

ge e

xpos

ure

for

8 ho

urs.

Su

stai

ned

indo

or c

once

ntra

tions

exc

eedi

ng o

utdo

or c

once

ntra

tions

may

mer

it fu

rthe

r inv

estig

atio

n.M

any

carb

on m

onox

ide

mea

suri

ng in

stru

men

ts h

ave

limite

d ac

cura

cy a

t low

leve

ls.

Sour

ces—

burn

ing

of g

asol

ine,

nat

ural

gas

, coa

l, oi

l, et

c.

Hea

lth E

ffec

ts—

redu

ces

abili

ty o

f bl

ood

to b

ring

oxy

gen

to b

ody

cells

and

tiss

ues;

cel

ls a

ndtis

sues

nee

d ox

ygen

to w

ork.

Car

bon

mon

oxid

e m

ay b

e pa

rtic

ular

ly h

azar

dous

to p

eopl

ew

ho h

ave

hear

t or

circ

ulat

ory

prob

lem

s an

d pe

ople

who

hav

e da

mag

ed lu

ngs

or b

reat

hing

pass

ages

.

B-4

[c]

B

-9 [

m]

Form

alde

hyde

(HC

HO

) Pr

esse

d-w

ood

prod

ucts

Furn

iture

and

fur

nish

ings

0.

1 m

g/m

3

(0.0

81 p

pm)

(30

min

)

27 p

pb (

8 h)

4576

ppb

(55

µg/

m3 )

(1 h

) 7.

327

ppb

(9 µ

g/m

3 ) (8

h)

Bas

ed o

n ir

rita

tion

of s

ensi

tive

peop

le, 3

0-m

inut

e ex

posu

re (

WH

O).

Est

ablis

hed

as a

nev

er-t

o-ex

ceed

gui

delin

e to

avo

id ir

rita

nt e

ffec

ts in

sen

sitiv

e in

divi

dual

s.D

oes

not p

rote

ct a

gain

st fo

rmal

dehy

de’s

pot

entia

l car

cino

geni

city

(Cal

ifor

nia

Air

Res

ourc

esB

oard

).

Acu

te a

nd 8

-hou

r no

ncan

cer

Ref

eren

ce E

xpos

ure

Lev

els

(RE

Ls)

dev

elop

ed b

ased

on

curr

ent

scie

ntif

ic d

atab

ase

(Cal

-EPA

, OE

HH

A).

Bas

ed o

n th

e cu

rren

t acu

te 1

-hou

r R

efer

ence

Exp

osur

e L

evel

(R

EL

) of

76

ppb

(94

µg/m

3), a

n ex

posu

re le

vel o

f 27

ppb

(33

µg/

m3)

isde

rive

d fo

r an

8-h

our

expo

sure

per

iod

Hea

lth E

ffec

ts—

Acu

te a

nd c

hron

ic in

hala

tion

expo

sure

to fo

rmal

dehy

de in

hum

ans

can

resu

lt in

eye,

nos

e, a

nd th

roat

irri

tatio

n, r

espi

rato

ry s

ympt

oms,

exa

cerb

atio

n of

ast

hma,

and

se

nsiti

zatio

n. H

uman

stu

dies

hav

e re

port

ed a

n as

soci

atio

n be

twee

n fo

rmal

dehy

de e

xpos

ure

and

lung

and

nas

opha

ryng

eal c

ance

r. In

200

4, th

e In

tern

atio

nal A

genc

y fo

r R

esea

rch

onC

ance

r (I

AR

C)

conc

lude

d th

at “

form

alde

hyde

is c

arci

noge

nic

to h

uman

s (G

roup

1),

on

the

basi

s of

suf

ficie

nt e

vide

nce

in h

uman

s an

d su

ffici

ent e

vide

nce

in e

xper

imen

tal a

nim

als”

.

B-1

1 [c

] B

-9, 2

6 [m

]

B-1

6

B-3

6, 4

1

B-1

9, 2

0,

36, 4

042

16 p

pb

FEM

A P

rocu

rem

ent S

peci

fica

tion

for

Mob

ile H

omes

B-4

8

Lea

d (P

b)

Pain

t dus

tO

utdo

or a

ir

1.5

µg/m

3 B

ased

on

adve

rse

effe

cts

on n

euro

psyc

holo

gica

l fun

ctio

ning

of

child

ren,

ave

rage

exp

osur

e fo

r 3

mon

ths

(WH

O: 0

.5-1

µg/

m3f

or 1

yea

r).

Sour

ces—

lead

ed g

asol

ine

(bei

ng p

hase

d ou

t), p

aint

(ho

uses

, car

s), s

mel

ters

(m

etal

ref

iner

ies)

,m

anuf

actu

re o

f le

ad s

tora

ge b

atte

ries

.H

ealth

Eff

ects

—br

ain

and

othe

r ne

rvou

s sy

stem

dam

age;

chi

ldre

n ar

e at

spe

cial

ris

k. S

ome

lead

-con

tain

ing

chem

ical

s ca

use

canc

er in

ani

mal

s. L

ead

caus

es d

iges

tive

and

othe

r he

alth

prob

lem

s.E

nvir

onm

enta

l Eff

ects

—L

ead

can

harm

wild

life.

B-4

[c]

B

-4 [

m]

B-1

8

8 BSR/ASHRAE Addendum q to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007

TAB

LE

B-2

Co

ncen

trat

ion

of I

nte

rest

for

Sel

ecte

d C

onta

min

ants

(con

tinu

ed)

(Not

e: R

efer

ence

s nu

mbe

rs th

at a

re fo

llow

ed b

y [c

] and

[m] l

ist t

he c

once

ntra

tions

of i

nter

est [

c] a

nd m

easu

rem

ent m

etho

ds [m

].)(N

ote:

The

use

r of a

ny v

alue

in th

is ta

ble

shou

ld ta

ke in

to a

ccou

nt th

e pu

rpos

e fo

r whi

ch it

was

ado

pted

and

the

mea

ns b

y w

hich

it w

as d

evel

oped

.)

Con

tam

inan

tSo

urce

sC

once

ntra

tion

sof

Int

eres

tC

omm

ents

Ref

eren

ces

Nitr

ogen

Dio

xide

(N

O2)

L

eaki

ng v

ente

d co

mbu

stio

nap

plia

nces

Unv

ente

d co

mbu

stio

n ap

plia

nces

O

utdo

or a

ir

100

µg/m

3

470

µg/m

3

Bas

ed o

n pr

ovid

ing

prot

ectio

n ag

ains

t adv

erse

res

pira

tory

eff

ects

, ave

rage

exp

osur

e fo

r1

year

.

Sour

ces—

burn

ing

of g

asol

ine,

nat

ural

gas

, coa

l, oi

l, et

c. C

ars

are

an im

port

ant s

ourc

e of

NO

2

outd

oors

and

coo

king

and

wat

er- a

nd s

pace

-hea

ting

devi

ces

are

impo

rtan

t sou

rces

indo

ors.

Hea

lth E

ffec

ts—

lung

dam

age,

illn

esse

s of

bre

athi

ng p

assa

ges

and

lung

s (r

espi

rato

ry s

yste

m).

E

nvir

onm

enta

l Eff

ects

—N

itrog

en d

ioxi

de is

a c

ompo

nent

of

acid

rai

n (a

cid

aero

sols

), w

hich

can

dam

age

tree

s an

d la

kes.

Aci

d ae

roso

ls c

an r

educ

e vi

sibi

lity.

Prop

erty

Dam

age—

Aci

d ae

roso

ls c

an e

at a

way

sto

ne u

sed

on b

uild

ings

, sta

tues

, mon

umen

ts,

etc.

24-h

our

aver

age

to p

reve

nt h

igh

expo

sure

s du

ring

use

of

com

bust

ion

appl

ianc

es s

uch

assp

ace-

heat

ing

devi

ces

and

gas

stov

es.

B-4

[c]

B-9

[m

]

B-1

8

B-4

143

Odo

rs

Occ

upan

ts

VO

C s

ourc

es (

incl

udin

g fu

ngal

sour

ces

such

as

mol

d)

Coo

king

, foo

d pr

oces

sing

,se

wag

e, b

iow

aste

faci

litie

s, e

tc.

Pred

icte

d (o

r m

easu

red)

ac

cept

abili

ty to

80%

or

mor

e of

occ

upan

ts o

r vi

sito

rs

CO

2 con

cent

ratio

n ca

n be

use

d as

a s

urro

gate

for

occ

upan

t odo

rs (

odor

ous

bio-

effl

uent

s). S

ee

App

endi

x C

for

a d

iscu

ssio

n of

indo

or C

O2l

evel

s an

d ve

ntila

tion

rate

s. F

or s

ourc

es o

ther

than

peop

le, s

ourc

e co

ntro

l is

reco

mm

ende

d.

B-1

2, 2

4,

29, 3

0 [c

] B

-9

(CO

2),

B-1

5 (o

dor)

[m]

Ozo

ne (

O3)

E

lect

rost

atic

app

lianc

esO

ffic

e m

achi

nes

Ozo

ne g

ener

ator

s O

utdo

or a

ir

100

µg/m

3

(50

ppb)

B

ased

on

25%

incr

ease

in s

ympt

om e

xace

rbat

ions

am

ong

adul

ts o

r as

thm

atic

s (n

orm

alac

tivity

), 8

-h e

xpos

ure

(WH

O);

con

tinuo

us e

xpos

ure

(FD

A).

Ozo

ne p

rese

nt a

t lev

els

belo

w th

e co

ncen

trat

ion

of in

tere

st m

ay c

ontr

ibut

e to

the

degr

adat

ion

of in

door

air

qua

lity

dire

ctly

and

by

reac

ting

with

oth

er c

onta

min

ants

in th

e in

door

spa

ce.

Gro

und-

leve

l ozo

ne is

the

prin

cipa

l com

pone

nt o

f sm

og.

Sour

ces—

outd

oors

, fro

m c

hem

ical

rea

ctio

n of

pol

luta

nts,

VO

Cs,

and

NO

x; in

door

s, f

rom

phot

ocop

iers

, las

er p

rint

ers,

ozo

ne g

ener

ator

s, e

lect

rost

atic

pre

cipi

tato

rs, a

nd s

ome

othe

rai

r cl

eane

rs.

Hea

lth E

ffec

ts—

brea

thin

g pr

oble

ms,

red

uced

lung

fun

ctio

n, a

sthm

a, ir

rita

ted

eyes

, stu

ffy

nose

, red

uced

res

ista

nce

to c

olds

and

oth

er in

fect

ions

. May

spe

ed u

p ag

ing

of lu

ng ti

ssue

. E

nvir

onm

enta

l Eff

ects

—O

utdo

ors,

ozo

ne c

an d

amag

e pl

ants

and

tree

s; s

mog

can

cau

sere

duce

d vi

sibi

lity.

Pr

oper

ty D

amag

e—In

door

s an

d ou

tdoo

rs, o

zone

dam

ages

nat

ural

and

syn

thet

ic r

ubbe

rs,

plas

tics,

fab

rics

, etc

.

B-6

, 11

[c]

B-6

[m

] B

-18

Part

icle

s(P

M2.

5)

Com

bust

ion

prod

ucts

, coo

king

,ca

ndle

s, in

cens

e, re

susp

ensi

on,

and

outd

oor a

ir

15 µ

g/m

3 B

-4


TAB

LE B

-2 C

once

ntra

tion

of In

tere

st fo

r S

elec

ted

Con

tam

inan

ts (c

ontin

ued

)(N

ote:

Ref

eren

ces

num

bers

that

are

follo

wed

by

[c] a

nd [m

] lis

t the

con

cent

ratio

ns o

f int

eres

t [c]

and

mea

sure

men

t met

hods

[m].)

(Not

e: T

he u

ser o

f any

val

ue in

this

tabl

e sh

ould

take

into

acc

ount

the

purp

ose

for w

hich

it w

as a

dopt

ed a

nd th

e m

eans

by

whi

ch it

was

dev

elop

ed.)

Con

tam

inan

tSo

urce

sC

once

ntra

tion

sof

Int

eres

tC

omm

ents

Ref

eren

ces

Part

icle

s(P

M10

) D

ust

Smok

eD

eter

iora

ting

mat

eria

lsO

utdo

or a

ir

50 µ

g/m

3 B

ased

on

prot

ectin

g ag

ains

t res

pira

tory

mor

bidi

ty in

the

gene

ral p

opul

atio

n an

d av

oidi

ngex

acer

batio

n of

ast

hma,

ave

rage

exp

osur

e fo

r 1

year

, no

carc

inog

ens.

In

door

con

cent

ratio

ns a

re n

orm

ally

low

er; g

uide

line

leve

l may

lead

to u

nacc

epta

ble

depo

sitio

n of

“du

st.”

So

urce

s—bu

rnin

g of

woo

d, d

iese

l, an

d ot

her

fuel

s; in

dust

rial

pla

nts;

agr

icul

ture

(pl

owin

g,bu

rnin

g of

f fi

elds

); u

npav

ed r

oads

. H

ealth

Eff

ects

—no

se a

nd th

roat

irri

tatio

n, lu

ng d

amag

e, b

ronc

hitis

, ear

ly d

eath

. E

nvir

onm

enta

l Eff

ects

—Pa

rtic

ulat

es a

re th

e m

ain

sour

ce o

f ha

ze th

at r

educ

es v

isib

ility

. Pr

oper

ty D

amag

e—A

shes

, soo

t, sm

oke,

and

dus

t can

dir

ty a

nd d

isco

lor

stru

ctur

es a

nd o

ther

prop

erty

, inc

ludi

ng c

loth

es a

nd f

urni

ture

.

B-4

[c]

B

-4 [

m]

B-1

8

Rad

on (

Rn)

So

il ga

s 4

pCi/l

itera

Bas

ed o

n lu

ng c

ance

r, a

vera

ge e

xpos

ure

for

1 ye

ar.

B-7

[c,

m]

B-1

0 [m

]

Sulf

ur D

ioxi

de

(SO

2)

Unv

ente

d sp

ace

heat

ers

(ker

osen

e)

Out

door

air

80

µg/

m3

Bas

ed o

n pr

otec

ting

agai

nst r

espi

rato

ry m

orbi

dity

in th

e ge

nera

l pop

ulat

ion

and

avoi

ding

exac

erba

tion

of a

sthm

a, a

vera

ge e

xpos

ure

for

1 ye

ar (

WH

O: 5

0 µg

/m3

if w

ith P

M).

So

urce

—bu

rnin

g of

coa

l and

oil,

esp

ecia

lly h

igh-

sulf

ur c

oal f

rom

the

east

ern

Uni

ted

Stat

es;

indu

stri

al p

roce

sses

(pa

per,

met

als)

. H

ealth

Eff

ects

—br

eath

ing

prob

lem

s; m

ay c

ause

per

man

ent d

amag

e to

lung

s. E

nvir

onm

enta

l E

ffec

ts—

SO2 i

s a

com

pone

nt o

f aci

d ra

in (a

cid

aero

sols

), w

hich

can

dam

age

tree

s an

d la

kes.

Aci

d ae

roso

ls c

an a

lso

redu

ce v

isib

ility

. Pr

oper

ty D

amag

e—A

cid

aero

sols

can

eat

aw

ay s

tone

use

d in

bui

ldin

gs, s

tatu

es, m

onum

ents

, etc

.

B-4

[c]

B

-4 [

m]

B-1

8

Tot

al V

olat

ile

Org

anic

C

ompo

unds

(T

VO

Cs)

New

bui

ldin

g m

ater

ials

and

furn

ishi

ngs

Con

sum

able

pro

duct

s M

aint

enan

ce m

ater

ials

Out

door

air

Prec

ise

guid

ance

on

TV

OC

con

cent

ratio

ns

cann

ot b

e gi

ven.

A v

arie

ty o

f de

fini

tions

of

TV

OC

hav

e be

en e

mpl

oyed

in th

e pa

st. R

efer

ence

B-2

7 co

ntai

ns a

spec

ific

def

initi

on th

at r

efle

cts

rece

nt th

inki

ng o

n th

e su

bjec

t.T

here

is in

suff

icie

nt e

vide

nce

that

TV

OC

mea

sure

men

ts c

an b

e us

ed to

pre

dict

hea

lth o

rco

mfo

rt e

ffec

ts. I

n ad

ditio

n, o

dor

and

irri

tatio

n re

spon

ses

to o

rgan

ic c

ompo

unds

are

high

ly v

aria

ble.

Fur

ther

mor

e, n

o si

ngle

met

hod

curr

ently

in u

se m

easu

res

all o

rgan

icco

mpo

unds

that

may

be

of in

tere

st. T

here

fore

, som

e in

vest

igat

ors

have

rep

orte

d th

e to

tal

of a

ll m

easu

red

VO

Cs

as th

e Su

mV

OC

in o

rder

to m

ake

expl

icit

that

the

repo

rted

val

uedo

es n

ot r

epre

sent

the

tota

l of

all V

OC

s pr

esen

t. So

me

of th

e re

fere

nces

incl

uded

her

e us

eth

is m

etho

d fo

r pr

esen

ting

VO

C m

easu

rem

ent r

esul

ts.

Setti

ng ta

rget

con

cent

ratio

ns f

or T

VO

Cs

is n

ot r

ecom

men

ded.

Set

ting

targ

et c

once

ntra

tions

for

spec

ific

VO

Cs

of c

once

rn is

pre

ferr

ed.

B-9

[m

] B

-14,

26-

28, 3

5,

3738


a T

he U

.S. E

PA h

as p

rom

ulga

ted

a gu

idel

ine

valu

e of

4 p

Ci/L

indo

or c

once

ntra

tion.

Thi

s is

not

a r

egul

ator

y va

lue

but a

n ac

tion

leve

l whe

re m

itiga

tion

is r

ecom

men

ded

if th

e va

lue

is e

xcee

ded

in lo

ng-t

erm

test

s.

Con

vers

ion

Fac

tors

B-1

7 Pa

rts

per

mill

ion

and

mas

s pe

r un

it vo

lum

e:M

easu

rem

ents

of

indo

or a

irbo

rne

conc

entr

atio

ns o

f su

bsta

nces

are

gen

eral

ly c

onve

rted

to s

tand

ard

cond

ition

s of

77°

F (2

5°C

) an

d 29

.92

in. H

g (1

01.3

25 k

Pa)

pres

sure

. Vap

ors

or g

ases

are

oft

en e

xpre

ssed

in p

arts

per

mill

ion

(ppm

) by

vol

ume

or in

mas

s pe

run

it vo

lum

e. C

once

ntra

tions

in p

pm b

y vo

lum

e ca

n be

con

vert

ed to

mas

s pe

r un

it vo

lum

e va

lues

as

follo

ws:

ppm

× m

olec

ular

wei

ght/2

4,45

0 =

mg/

L

ppm

× m

olec

ular

wei

ght/0

.024

45 =

µg/

m3

ppm

× m

olec

ular

wei

ght/2

4.45

= m

g/m

3 pp

m ×

mol

ecul

ar w

eigh

t ×28

.3/2

4,45

0 =

mg/

ft3

TAB

LE

B-2

Co

ncen

trat

ion

of In

tere

st fo

r S

elec

ted

Con

tam

inan

ts (c

ontin

ued

)(N

ote:

Ref

eren

ces

num

bers

that

are

follo

wed

by

[c] a

nd [m

] lis

t the

con

cent

ratio

ns o

f int

eres

t [c]

and

mea

sure

men

t met

hods

[m].)

(Not

e: T

he u

ser o

f any

val

ue in

this

tabl

e sh

ould

take

into

acc

ount

the

purp

ose

for w

hich

it w

as a

dopt

ed a

nd th

e m

eans

by

whi

ch it

was

dev

elop

ed.)

Con

tam

inan

tSo

urce

sC

once

ntra

tion

sof

Int

eres

tC

omm

ents

Ref

eren

ces

Vol

atile

Org

anic

C

ompo

unds

(V

OC

s)(S

ee T

able

B-3

for

a

list o

f se

lect

edco

mpo

unds

)

New

bui

ldin

g m

ater

ials

and

furn

ishi

ngs

Con

sum

able

pro

duct

sM

aint

enan

ce m

ater

ials

Out

door

air

Mus

t be

dete

rmin

ed f

or

each

indi

vidu

al c

ompo

und

(See

Tab

le B

-3 f

or a

list

of

sele

cted

com

poun

ds.)

Indi

vidu

al v

olat

ile o

rgan

ic c

ompo

unds

may

be

cont

amin

ants

of

conc

ern

in th

e ap

plic

atio

n of

the

Indo

or A

ir Q

ualit

y Pr

oced

ure.

Con

cent

ratio

ns o

f co

ncer

n ra

nge

from

less

than

1 p

art

per

billi

on (

ppb)

for

som

e ve

ry to

xic

com

poun

ds o

r fo

r co

mpo

unds

hav

ing

very

low

odo

rth

resh

olds

up

to c

once

ntra

tions

sev

eral

ord

ers

of m

agni

tude

hig

her.

Not

all

com

poun

dsca

n be

iden

tifie

d, a

nd to

xico

logi

cal d

ata

are

inco

mpl

ete

for

man

y co

mpo

unds

.

B-2

2–26

, 28,

42

44, 4

345,

44

46 [

c]

B-9

, 10,

21

[m]

B-1

5, 3

637,

38

39, 3

940,

11


Table B-3 provides information that may be beneficial for designers who choose to comply with the Indoor Air Quality Proce-dure of this Standard. The VOCs included in the table were reported in published, peer-reviewed surveys conducted in officebuildings and in new and existing residences in North America during the period 1990–2000.B-42,B-43,B-45 Only those VOCs forwhich exposure guidelines for the general population have been developed by cognizant authorities are listed in Table B-3.

Reference Exposure Levels (RELs) are guidelines for acute, 8-hour and chronic inhalation exposures developed by Cali-fornia Office of Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for hazardous substances are guidelinesfor acute, intermediate and chronic inhalation exposures developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR). Factors for µg/m3 to ppb concentration conversions are shown.

The table does not purport to represent (a) all possible chemicals found in nonindustrial indoor environments and (b) allconcentration guidelines, standards, and regulatory limits. Published, peer-reviewed surveys conducted in office buildings andin new and existing residences in North America since 2000 may identify several more compounds, for some of which guidelinesmay be available from the cognizant authorities described above.



TAB

LE B

-3 C

once

ntra

tions

of I

nter

est f

or S

elec

ted

Vola

tile

Org

anic

Com

poun

ds

Com

poun

dC

AS

Num

ber

Che

mic

alC

lass

a

Con

vers

ion

Fac

tor:

µg

/m3

to p

pbb

CA

OE

HH

A R

EL

B-3

6A

TSD

R M

RL

B-4

6

Acu

tec

(µg/

m3 )

8-hr

d

(µg/

m3 )

Chr

onic

e

(µg/

m3 )

Acu

tef

(ppb

)In

term

edia

teg

(ppb

)C

hron

ich

(ppb

)

Ace

tald

ehyd

e75

-07-

0A

ld0.

554

470

300

140

Acr

olei

n10

7-02

-8A

ld0.

436

2.5

0.7

0.35

30.

4

Acr

ylon

itrile

107-

13-1

Mis

c0.

460

510

0

Ben

zene

71-4

3-2

Aro

m0.

313

1300

609

63

Bro

mom

etha

ne(M

ethy

l bro

mid

e)74

-83-

9H

alo

0.25

850

505

1,3-

But

adie

ne10

6-99

-0A

lke

0.45

220

2-B

utan

one

78-9

3-3

Ket

0.33

913

,000

2-B

utox

yeth

anol

111-

76-2

Gly

0.20

760

0030

0020

0

t-B

utyl

met

hyl e

ther

(Met

hyl-

t-bu

tyl e

ther

)16

34-0

4-4

Eth

r0.

277

8000

2000

700

700

Car

bon

disu

lfid

e75

-15-

0M

isc

0.32

162

0080

030

0

Car

bon

tetr

achl

orid

e56

-23-

5H

alo

0.15

919

0040

3030

Chl

orob

enze

ne10

8-90

-7C

lAro

0.21

710

00

Chl

orof

orm

67-6

6-3

Hal

o0.

205

150

300

100

5020

1,4-

Dic

hlor

oben

zene

106-

46-7

ClA

ro0.

166

800

2000

200

10

1,2-

Dic

hlor

oeth

ane

(Eth

ylen

e di

chlo

ride

)10

7-06

-2H

alo

0.24

760

0

Dic

hlor

omet

hane

(Met

hyle

ne c

hlor

ide)

75-0

9-2

Hal

o0.

288

14,0

0040

060

030

030

0

1,4-

Dio

xane

123-

91-1

Eth

r0.

278

3000

3000

2000

1000

1000

Eth

ylbe

nzen

e10

0-41

-4A

rom

0.23

020

0010

,000

700

300

Eth

ylen

e gl

ycol

107-

21-1

Gly

0.39

440

078

8

Form

alde

hyde

i50

-00-

0A

ld0.

815

559

940

308

n-H

exan

e11

0-54

-3A

lka

0.28

470

0060

0

Nap

htha

lene

91-2

0-3

Aro

m0.

191

90.

7

Phen

ol10

8-95

-2A

lc0.

260

5800

200

2-Pr

opan

ol(I

sopr

opan

ol)

67-6

3-0

Alc

0.40

732

0070

00


aA

lc =

alc

ohol

; Eth

r = e

ther

; Gly

= g

lyco

l eth

er; K

et =

ket

one;

Ald

= a

ldeh

yde;

Est

r = a

ceta

tes

and

othe

r est

ers;

Aci

d =

car

boxy

lic a

cid;

Alk

a =

alk

ane

HC

; Alk

e =

alk

ene

HC

; Cyc

l = c

yclic

HC

; Ter

p =

terp

ene

HC

; Aro

m =

aro

mat

ic H

C; C

lAro

= c

hlor

inat

edar

omat

ic H

C; H

alo

= ha

loge

nate

d al

ipha

tic H

C; M

isc

= m

isce

llane

ous

cate

gory

.b

Con

vers

ion

fact

ors

from

μg/

m3 to

ppb

.c

Exp

osur

e av

erag

ing

time

is 1

hou

r.d

Exp

osur

e av

erag

ing

time

is 8

hou

rs a

nd w

hich

may

be

repe

ated

.e

Des

igne

d to

add

ress

con

tinuo

us e

xpos

ures

for

up

to a

life

tim

e: th

e ex

posu

re m

etri

c us

ed is

the

annu

al a

vera

ge e

xpos

ure.

fE

xpos

ure

to a

che

mic

al f

or a

dur

atio

n of

14

days

or

less

, as

spec

ifie

d in

the

toxi

colo

gica

l pro

file

s.g

Exp

osur

e to

a c

hem

ical

for

a d

urat

ion

of 1

5–36

4 da

ys, a

s sp

ecif

ied

in th

e to

xico

logi

cal p

rofi

les.

hE

xpos

ure

to a

che

mic

al f

or 3

65 d

ays

or m

ore,

as

spec

ifie

d in

the

toxi

colo

gica

l pro

file

s.i

See

also

Tab

les

B-1

and

B-2

for

add

ition

al g

uida

nce

on f

orm

alde

hyde

.

TAB

LE B

-3

Con

cent

ratio

ns o

f Int

eres

t for

Sel

ecte

d Vo

latil

e O

rgan

ic C

ompo

unds

(con

tinue

d)

Com

poun

dC

AS

Num

ber

Che

mic

alC

lass

a

Con

vers

ion

Fac

tor:

µg

/m3

to p

pbb

CA

OE

HH

A R

EL

B-3

6A

TSD

R M

RL

B-4

6

Acu

tec

(µg/

m3 )

8-hr

d

(µg/

m3 )

Chr

onic

e

(µg/

m3 )

Acu

tef

(ppb

)In

term

edia

teg

(ppb

)C

hron

ich

(ppb

)

2-Pr

opan

one

(Ace

tone

)67

-64-

1K

et0.

421

26,0

0013

,000

13,0

00

Styr

ene

100-

42-5

Aro

m0.

235

21,0

0090

020

0020

0

Tetr

achl

oroe

then

e(T

etra

chlo

roet

hyle

ne,

Perc

hlor

oeth

ylen

e)12

7-18

-4H

alo

0.14

720

,000

3520

040

Tolu

ene

108-

88-3

Aro

m0.

265

37,0

0030

010

0080

1,1,

1-T

rich

loro

etha

ne(M

ethy

l chl

orof

orm

)71

-55-

6H

alo

0.18

368

,000

1000

2000

700

Tri

chlo

roet

hene

(Tri

chlo

roet

hyle

ne)

79-0

1-6

Hal

o0.

186

600

2000

100

Vin

yl c

hlor

ide

75-0

1-4

Hal

o0.

391

180,

000

500

30

Xyl

ene

isom

ers

1330

-20-

7A

rom

0.23

022

,000

700

2000

600

50

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POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERNFOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES

ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment. ASHRAE’smembers will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of the systems andcomponents in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide, consistent with acceptedstandards and the practical state of the art.

ASHRAE’s short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the indoor andoutdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the standards and guidelines as established by itself and otherresponsible bodies.

As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive technical committee structure,continue to generate up-to-date standards and guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promote those newand revised standards developed by other responsible organizations.

Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date standards and design considerations as the material issystematically revised.

ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest and will seekout and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating standards andguidelines.

The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the system’sintended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered.

ASHRAE’s primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAE’s scopeoperates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and energytransportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection should be made byits members.

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ASHRAE STANDARD Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air … Library/Technical Resources/Standards... · 2 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum q to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 When many chemicals