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ASHRAEStandard189.1,“StandardfortheDesignofHighPerformanceGreen
BuildingsExceptLow-RiseResidentialBuildings”
DouglasFZentzAssociateProfessorHVACRProgramChairFerrisStateUniversity
Reminders
• Cellphones– pleasesilence
• Commercialism– ASHRAEobservance!
• Pleasefilloutthesurveys
• MyviewsandnotASHRAE’s
PresentationOverview
•Whyhaveit?
•Whatisit?
• Suggestions
TotalEnergyConsumption
BuildingsRepresent
• 17%offreshwaterconsumption• 25%ofwoodconsumption• 33%ofCO2 emissions• 30%ofwastegeneration• 55%ofnaturalgasuse• 72%ofelectricalenergyuse
BuildingEnergyUseGrowth
ProjectedWorldEnergySupply
IPCCData
Austria
England & Wales
Greece
Italy
RelationshiptoOtherPrograms• Europe
– StandardEN15217Energyperformanceofbuildings—methodsforexpressingenergyperformanceandforenergycertificationofbuildings(2007)
– ExplicitefforttolearnfromEUexperience
Standard189.1
Standard189.1RelationshiptoOtherStandards
• ASHRAE
• BuiltontheLEEDFoundation
Whatisit?
• Standard189.1PublishedJanuary2009
• Updatedin2011&2014&2017
Sponsors• USGBCwithitsaffiliatedmembershipincluding6,000corporations,federalagencies,stateandlocalgovernment,etc
• IESastheauthorityonilluminationwithover100yearsofexperience,publicationandservice
• ASHRAEwithitsglobalresources,publications,continuingeducationthatcontinuetoservethepublic
• ICC–agreementtomergewithIGCC
Standard189.1Intent
• Whatitis;– Astandard– Appliestoallbuildingsexceptlow-riseresidential(sameasStandard90.1)
– Intendedforadoptionintomodelbuildingcodes
• Whatisnot;– Notadesignguide– Notaratingsystem
• Note:evenifnotadoptedbylocalauthoritiesthisstandardservesasindicationoffuturetrends
Purpose• Thepurposeofthisstandardistoprovideminimumrequirementsforthesite,design,construction,andplansforoperation ofhighperformance,greenbuildingsto:– Balance environmentalresponsibility,resourceefficiency,occupantcomfortandwellbeingandcommunitysensitivity,and
– Supportthegoalofdevelopmentthatmeetstheneedofthepresentwithoutcompromising theabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds
Scope
• ProvidesMinimumCriteriathat:–Applyto:• Newbuildingsandtheirneeds• Newportionsofbuildingsandtheirsystems• Newsystemsandequipmentinexistingbuildings
–Addressessitesustainability,wateruseefficiency,IEQ,andthebuilding’simpactonatmosphere,materialsandresources
WhatitCovers
BasicStructure(foreachsection)
• X.1– Scope• X.2– Compliance• X.3– Mandatory– (requiredforallprojects)
• X.4– Prescriptive(option1)– Simpleoption,fewchoices,andveryfewcalculations
• X.5– Performance(option2)–Moresophisticated,flexible,butmoreeffort
Chapter5SustainableSites
• MandatoryProvisions– SiteHardscape(minimumsrequirements– someexceptions)
–Wallstobeshadedupto20feet(6meters)abovegrade
– Roofs(minimumrequirementsforsloping– someexceptions)
Chapter5SustainableSites
• Mandatoryprovisions– Reductionoflightpollution
• Totalsitelumenlimit
• MaxBUGlimit(Backlight,UplightandGlare)ratings
• ModificationstoStandard90.1exteriorlighting
Chapter6– WaterUse
• MandatoryProvisionsofsitewateruse– Bio-diverseplantings,hydro-zoningandsmartirrigationcontrol
Chapter6– WaterUse• Mandatoryprovisionsforbuildingwateruse– PlumbingfittingsandfixturesperU.S.EPAWaterSenseorASMEStandards
– AppliancesperU.S.EPAEnergyStar–Watermetering(must)• >1,000gal(3,785Liters)/day
Chapter6– WaterUse
• MandatoryprovisionsforHVACsystems– Subsystemmeteringabovethresholds
– Coolingtowerlimitationsondriftwaterlose
– Condensationcollectionforunits>19kW(65,000Btu/h)for≥72F(22C)meanwetbulb
Chapter6– WaterUse• Metering
Chapter7Energy
• Generalhighlights– Goalis30%betterthanASHRAE90.1-2016(includingprocessloads)
– AppendixGfromStandard90.1isincorporatedasNormativeAppendix
–Meteringforverification– Peakloadreduction– OtherareasareincreasedstringencybeyondStandard90.1
Chapter7Energy• MandatoryRequirementsforon-siterenewablepower– Provisionsforfutureinstallationwithminimumratingof6.0Btu/ft2 xroofareainft2 (singlestory)&10.0Btu/ft2 xroofareainft2 (multi-story)
– Exceptions(lowincidentsolarorpurchaseGreenPower)
Chapter7Energy• MandatoryRequirementsforMeters
– Remoteorautomaticreading(basedoncriteriaofsize,energysource&system)
–Meterscommunicatetocentralrecordingsystem
– Datastoragefor36months
Chapter7Energy
Chapter7Energy
• PrescriptivePath– Setofitemsclearlylaidout
–MustcomplywithALL
• PerformancePath–Mustproveperformance
Chapter7Energy
• PrescriptivePath– RenewableEnergy
• Onsitesystemsminimumequaltomandatorylevels
• Exceptions
– Lowincidentsolarregions
– PurchaseofGreenpowerintermsof7kWh/ft2-yr(ofconditionedspace)untilatotalof70kWh/ft2 isobtained
Chapter7Energy• PrescriptiveOptionforBuildingEnvelope– Section7.4.2generallyhasstringentrequirements– ReplacesTables5.5-1thru8inStandard90.1
Chapter7Energy• PrescriptiveOptionforBuildingEnvelope– FenestrationOverhangPF>0.5
– Orientationtominimizesolar• East/West<North/South
– PermanentprojectionsinClimateZones1- 5
Chapter7Energy• PrescriptiveOptionforBuildingEnvelope– SHGCmultipliers(differentthenStandard90.1)
Chapter7Energy
• PrescriptiveOptionforHVAC– DemandControlledVentilationrequirements
• SpaceCO2 sensing– oneevery10,000ft2 (1,000m2)
• Sensingaccurateto50ppm(plusorminus)forevery1,000ppm
• Determinedby;
– OutdoorAirreferencebenchmarking
– Designassumptionsforoccupants
Chapter7Energy• PrescriptiveOptionforHVAC– DuctSealinglevelAeverywhere
– ExpandedEconomizerUsage
– Newforrooftops<5tons(economizerthenmechanicalcooling)
– VAVsupplyairtempresetbyatleast5F
Chapter7Energy
• PrescriptiveOptionforHVAC– Zonecontrolsforlimitonreheat
• Reheated,re-cooledorremixednottoexceedDesignOAairflowrateor
– FanPowerLimits– 10%lessthanStd90.1
Chapter7Energy
• PrescriptiveOptionforHVAC– Expandedheatrecovery
– 60%energyrecoveryeffectiveness(enthalpy)
Chapter7Energy
• PrescriptiveOptionforPower
– Peakfactor/peakloadreduction
– Reducepeakcapacityofthebuildingthroughdemandlimitingorloadshiftingmeasures(10%)
Chapter7Energy
• PrescriptiveOptionforLighting– InteriorlightingtouseStandard90.1andapply“LightingPowerAllowance”
– Areafactorsavailableforcustomizedapproach
Chapter7Energy
• PrescriptiveOptionforLighting– Occupancysensorcontroltoreducepowertolessthan50%for:• Hotel/Motelhallways• Storageaisles• Librarystacks
– Egresslightingcontrol• <0.1w/ft2continuouswithautoshut-offcontrol
– AutoControlwithNaturalLightingIntegration
Chapter7Energy
• PerformanceBasedOption– DemonstrateequivalentperformanceinBothenergycostandCO2 equivalentcomparedtousingtheprescriptivepath
Chapter7Energy
• PerformanceBasedOption– CO2 EquivalentComparedtoBuildingDesignwithPrescriptivePath
– Uselocalutilityinformation
– Takesiteenergytogetsourceemissions
Chapter8- IEQ
• MandatoryitemsforIndoorEnvironmentalQuality– OutdoorAirflow– TobaccoSmokeControl– OutdoorAirMonitoring– FiltrationandAirCleaning
Chapter8- IEQ
• Section8.3.1.4– TobaccoSmokeControl– Nosmokinginside
– Nosmokingwith25feetofentrances,outdoorairintakesoroperablewindows
Chapter8- IEQ
• MandatoryRequirementonThermalComfort
– ComplywithStandard55
Chapter8- IEQ
• Mandatory- BuildingEntrancesmustemployaMatSystemtocontrolcontaminants(someexceptions)
– Scraperarea
– Absorptionsurface
– Finishedsurface
Chapter8- IEQ
• OtherMandatory– Daylightingbytoplightingforlargeopenofficeareas>20,000ft2 &ceiling>15ft&minimumlightingpowerof0.5watts/ft2
Chapter8- IEQ
• PrescriptiveOption– Sidedaylighting(8.4)• Officesandclassrooms• Effectiveaperture• Visiblereflectanceofinteriorsurfaces• Someexceptions
Chapter8- IEQ
• PrescriptiveOption– Officespaceshadingwithprojectionsorothertechniques
– LowEmittingMaterials• Adhesives&sealants• Paints&coatings• Floorcovering• Compositewoodandotherproducts
Chapter9– Building’sImpactonAtmosphere,Materials&Resources
• MandatoryKeystoASHRAE– ConstructionWaste• Maxof5%oftotalprojectmaterials• Minimum50%ofnon-hazardousmaterialstoberecycledorreused• Limitontotalwasteperfloorarea• Off-sitestorageandsortingisallowed
Chapter9– Building’sImpactonAtmosphere,Materials&Resources
• OtherMandatoryItems
– Storageandcollectionofrecyclablematerials
– Discardedfluorescentlampsandballasts
Chapter10– Construction&OperationPlans
• Section10.3.1.1– BuildingAcceptanceTesting– Activitiespriortopermitandpriortooccupancy
– Designaterepresentativetooversee
– Constructiondocumentsindicatewhodoeswhat
– Includesmechanicalsystems,lighting,renewableenergy,energyandwatermeteringdevices
Chapter10– Construction&OperationPlans
• Section10.3.1.2– BuildingProjectCommissioning– Fullcommissioningfor>5,000ft2
– IncludeHVAC,buildingenvelope,lighting,irrigation,plumbing,domesticwater,renewableenergy
– DesignReviewsat50%andFinal– Verifyinstallation,operationandtraining
Chapter10– Construction&OperationPlans
• Section10.3.1.3ErosionControl– DevelopandimplementanErosionandSedimentcontrolplanforallconstructionactivities
Chapter10– Construction&OperationPlans
• Section10.3.1.4– IAQConstructionManagement– DevelopandmanageanIAQConstructionManagementprogramplantoinclude:• Airconveyancematerialsshallnotbeusedduringconstruction• PermanentHVACnotusedduringconstruction,exceptforstart-uptesting• Flush-outorbaselineIAQmonitoring
Chapter10– Construction&OperationPlans
Chapter10– Construction&OperationPlans
• Section10.3.2.1.1– SiteSustainability– Includemaintenanceproceduresneededtomaintainhealthyvegetationgrowthforvegetationusedforshadingcompliance
Chapter10– Construction&OperationPlans
• WaterUseEfficiency– Initialmeasurementandverification(M&V)– Procedurestotrackuse– Assesswateruseefficiency,document
Chapter10– Construction&OperationPlans
• EnergyEfficiency– Initialmeasurementandverification(M&V)– Procedurestotrackandassessenergy• Hourlyloadprofile
• Monthlyaveragedailyload
• Monthlyandannualenergyuse
• Monthlyandannualpeakdemand
Chapter10– Construction&OperationPlans
• IndoorEnvironmentalQuality– Outdoorairflowmeasurement,schedulinganddocumentation
– Indoorairqualityassessment– Greencleaning
• MaintenancePlan–Mechanical,electricalperStandard180– Documentation
Chapter10– Construction&OperationPlans
• BuildingServiceLifePlan
MyThoughts
• Suggestions
• UsingStandard189toyouradvantage
• ThinkingaboutthePyramid
Mysuggestions
• GetTeam“Buy-in”and“OwnerSupport”
• Earlydecisionsinfluenceeveryone
• LookatBuildingOrientation,BuildingExteriorFeatures,andBuildingSiterequirements
• CreatetheRoadmapfortheBuildingOwnerCreatetheBOP(BuildingOperationalPlan)
UsingStandard189
• Useallofthetools(criteria)toanalyzethe“BestHVACSystem”forthebuilding– Sitedevelopment–Watermanagement– EnergyManagement– IndoorEnvironmentalQuality– SustainablePractices– AndTrueLifeCycleCost(useinputfromowner)
UpsideDownPyramid
