ASHRAE Birmingham Chapter

ASHRAE Birmingham ChapterTom WerkemaASHRAE Vice PresidentDistinguished LecturerSeptember, 2013

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Agenda

1. Climate Change ScienceBREAK2. Climate International3. Climate Country Specific4. Regions/States5. Energy Efficiency6. Ozone Science7. Ozone International8. Ozone Country Programs9. Technology Impact10. Personal Responses to Climate Change

Like the sun, the Earth also emits radiation. It is much cooler than the sun, though, so it emits in the infrared, just like a person, a cat, or any other body. Some of that infrared energy may be absorbed by molecules in the atmosphere, affecting the global energy balance.What is the greenhouse effect?

Venus has an atmosphere with more than 90% CO2. It also has sulfuric acid clouds. Its planetary greenhouse effect is about 500C (the atmosphere raises the temperature by that much). Earth has an atmosphere with much less CO2 than Venus. The greenhouse effect raises its average temperature by about 30C. The greenhouse effect is basic physics and it is real. What about greenhouse warming?

The AtmosphereCCS-2

Carbon dioxide 1960-2008

The 2000s were warmer than at anytime during the last 1000 yearsCCS-3

NOAA/AGGI

Radiative ForcingCCS-7

Halocarbon Emissions, continuedCombined CO2-equivalent emissions from halocarbons:

~7.5 Gt near 1990, about 33% of that year's CO2 emissions from global fossil fuel burning

~2.5 Gt near 2000, about 10% of that years CO2 emissions from global fossil fuel burning

Climate Change - International3 largest GHGs at record levelsIncreasing at ever faster rateCO2 @ 397 PPMCH4 & N2O also upTotal increase 30% since 1990

Mt. Pinatubo - Philippines

Sea Ice Extent March 2012FIGURE 1. ARCTIC SEA ICE EXTENT ON MARCH 18 WAS 15.24 MILLION SQUARE KILOMETERS (5.88 MILLION SQUARE MILES). THE ORANGE LINE SHOWS THE 1979 TO 2000 MEDIAN EXTENT FOR THAT DAY. THE BLACK CROSS INDICATES THE GEOGRAPHIC NORTH POLE. SEA ICE INDEX DATA. ABOUT THE DATA. CREDIT: NATIONAL SNOW AND ICE DATA CENTER HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGE

Sea Ice Extent Sept. 2012

Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center courtesy NOAA/ESRL Figure 5. These images show declining sea ice age, which indicates a thinning Arctic sea ice cover more vulnerable to melting in summer. Ice older than two years now accounts for less than 10% of the ice cover.

Cloud changes: the biggest cause of prediction uncertainty

Global warming will change cloud warming and cooling characteristics.This will exert a powerful feedback on climate change,but the feedback projected varies between models.

Antarctic Temperature Trends, 19662000

Components of sea-level rise

Mt. Pinatubo - Philippines

Gulf Stream aka Global Halon Circulation System

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91150016001700180019002000 Date (year A.D.)CO2

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91200021002200230024002500 Date (year A.D.)HFC-134aCO2Decay of tetrafluoroethane (T = 14 years) inthe atmosphere compared to CO2

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91200021002200230024002500 Date (year A.D.)HFC-134aCO2Cut-off at a 100 year Integration Time Horizon

Agenda

1. Climate Change Science2. Climate International3. Climate Country Specific4. Regions/States5. Energy Efficiency6. Ozone Science7. Ozone International8. Ozone Country Programs9. Technology Impact10. Personal Responses to Climate Change

Global Emissions ScenarioIS92 a IPCC 1992Current estimates for emissions growth in Non-Annex 1 countries are even higher

Global Emissions for 550 PPM StabilizationIPCC 1994Stabilization is not feasible without Non-Annex 1 countries participation

Climate Change InternationalAugust 1990June 1992

March/April 1995

December 1995July 1996

December 1997First IPCC AssessmentRio de Janeiro, FrameworkConvention on ClimateChangeConference of Parties (1),BerlinSecond IPCC AssessmentConference of Parties (II),GenevaConference of Parties (III),Kyoto

Kyoto ProtocolControls Emissions6 Greenhouse GasesCO2, N2O, CH4, HFCs, PFCs, SF6Avg. reduction for developed countries5.2% from 1990 level2015 reduction-1.7ppm to 381.3 ppmNow represents < 13% of total emissions

Climate Change InternationalMeetings in Doha, Qatar Nov, Dec 20122013 November in Prague, Czech Republic

Agreed to continue Kyoto Protocol8 year period from 2013

Did not agree to fund $100b/year for developing countriesPrevious agreements would commence funding in 2015Developed countries provided $30b in interim

Agenda


EU F Gas Regulation

Key sectors Refrigeration, a/c, heat pumpsContainment, Labeling, EOL RecoverEntered into force July 4, 2006

EU F Gas Regulation2013 Co-decision Process: Parliament and CommissionQuota fee 10 / MT CO2= 1.2 B/yrBaseline 2008-2012, reserve 5% for new importers/producersReviews every 5 yearsTraining, CertificationLeak Checks, Record KeepingProducer Responsibility no cost recovery

EU F Gas RegulationFuture BansProhibit > 2,500 GWP 2020 or 20172022 no recycle for systemsCharge equipment where used except hermetically sealedQuotas 2015-100%2018 63%2024 31%2030 21% (Parliament 16%)P/O domestic use 2030Repair 1 week after leak detection

EU F Gas RegulationBansOne component foam 7/4/08Aerosols 7/4/09Refrigerators/Freezers->150 GWP 1/1/15(Parliament All p/o 1/1/15)Commercial Refrigeration - >2,500 GWP 1/1/17 (Parliament 1/1/15)>150 GWP 1/1/20 (Parliament all 1/1/18)Portable A/C >150 GWP 1/1/20Mobile Refrigeration - 1/1/25Stationary a/c 1/1/20Foams XPS 1/1/16. PUR 1/1/20

EU Mobile A/C Directive1/1/11 no new model MAC > 150 GWP1/1/17 no new MAC > 150 GWPTailpipe emissions separate regulation

Canada

HFC restricted to Significant New Activity Notice listsNo restriction on HFC-134a useNo restrictions on products containing HFCsMandatory reporting in 2005Declared all GHGs CEPA ToxicMany provinces were part of WCIOnly Quebec currently still participating

US 2012 projected emissions

Total emissions up slightly since 1990Now at about 1992 levelsKP 7% decreaseAverage 2008-2012

Climate commitment by Pres. Obama 17% below 2005 in 2020Recent study indicates 16.3% reduction at current pacePresident Obamas Climate program largely based on existing regulations & commitments

President Obama June 25, 2013

New/Existing Power Plant C Emissions Stds$8b Loan GuaranteesDOI Permit Renewables for 6 M homesHydropower Project Priority Permit100 MW Renewables on Fed Land by 2020Better Building Challenge Expansion 20% more efficiency by 2020Commercial, Industrial, MultifamilyAppliance/Fed Bldg Efficiency sts to save 3 B MT CO2 /yr by 2030Heavy Duty Vehicle Fuel StdHFC, Methane reduction

President Obama June 25, 2013

ImpactStrengthen CommunitiesInnovative Strategies Post Sandy for future extreme weatherFlood Risk Reduction by Fed Funded ProjectsPublic-Private Hospital PartnershipsAgricultural ProductivityNatl drought Resilience Partnership less vulnerable to catastrophic wild firesClimate Data and Tool Kit Initiative

US EPA Major Activity

Published endangerment Final Rule Dec 7, 200925,000 MT CO2e, not 250 MT hazardous pollutant

Determined GHG subject to Clean Air Act in January, 2011 (3/29/10)

Tailoring rule (5/13/10) Air PermitsCovers new facility 100,000 MT CO2e emission Covers increases at existing facilities by 75,000 MT CO2e

* / Summary GHG/CAFE Standards(Greenhouse Gas/Corporate Average Fuel Economy)MYs 2012-2016 Emissions level of 250 grams/mile of CO2 = 35.5 miles per gallon in 2016MPG is combined (cars/light trucks) fleet averageA/C Leakage and alternative refrigerant credit

MYs 2017-2025 A/C Leakage (or lower GWP refrigerant) and efficiency (indirect) credits63 g/mile of CO2 = 54.5 miles per gallon in 2025 for fleetFootprint standard not average, target for each vehicleNew credits for indirect operationA/C efficiency improvement required1234yf, CO2, and 152a mentioned as alternative refrigerants

Heavy Duty Truck Leakage Standards

Agenda


State Patch Work InitiativesWestern Climate Initiative now Ca. and QuebecCalifornia Cap & Trade rules published 10/2010Implemented 1/1/12 85% Ca. industrial emissionsLawsuit delayed compliance to 2013Tightening targets to 2020 (at 1990)Quebec >25,000 MT CO2e emitters 2013

RGGIUtility Auctions for Pollution rights Natural gas impact

Midwest effort appears dead

Assembly Bill 32: The California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006

September 2006: The Time for Action is Now!Sets in statute 2020 emission limit at 1990 level

California Climate ActionAB 32Reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 12/31/20Interim reductions 7/1/12, 7/1/16Establishes multi-Agency Climate Action BoardAnnual reports beginning 1/1/08 High GWP reductions from MAC 2015Stationary equipment refrig-a/c 2012Refrigerant recovery decommissioned shipping containers-2012Residential refrigeration early retirement 2011Enforce no venting ban for MAC - 2010

Agenda

1. Climate Change Science2. Climate International3. Climate Country Specific4. Regions/States5. Energy Efficiency6. Ozone Science7. Ozone International8. Ozone Country Programs

Personal Responses to Climate Change

The Challenge

Stabilization scenarios developed for US Climate Change Science Program (Draft 2006) by MIT Joint Program on Science and Policy

TransportBuildingsIndustryGlobal Primary Energy: 550 ppmvCoalGasOilBio-massCCSNucStabilization scenarios developed for US Climate Change Science Program (Draft 2006) by MIT Joint Program on Science and Policy

Thermal Efficiency (coal)

Graph1

31.133.642.336.2

31.633.842.336.2

31.934.342.336.4

32.334.541.836.2

32.434.642.236.4

31.336.242.136.5

3236.242.436.3

30.736.442.636.4

30.937.842.836.2

32.437.643.136.4

33.438.543.436.4

31.737.443.336.7

30.936.543.737.3

31.239.743.737.7

3039.343.438

China

Germany

Japan

United States

Sheet1

Efficiency of Fossil-fired power generation

199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

China31.131.631.932.332.431.332.030.730.932.433.431.730.931.230.0

Germany33.633.834.334.534.636.236.236.437.837.638.537.436.539.739.3

Japan42.342.342.341.842.242.142.442.642.843.143.443.343.743.743.4

United States36.236.236.436.236.436.536.336.436.236.436.436.737.337.738.0

Sheet2

Sheet3

Estimated Cost of New Resources, 2016

U.S. Average Levelized Costs (2008 $/megawatthour) for Plants Entering Service in 2016Source: EIAIndustrial Energy Consumers of America

Plant TypeTotal Levelized Cost$/mwhConventional Coal100.4Advanced Coal with CCS110.5Conventional Combined Cycle83.1Advanced CC with CCS113.3Advanced Nuclear119.0Wind149.3Wind-Offshore191.1Solar PV396.1

GDP vs. Average Price of Electricity( Real Dollars)Source: EIA, BEAIndustrial Energy Consumers of America

Chart4

8.77313.3

8.397613.9

8.217885.9

8.058033.9

7.998015.1

7.898287.1

7.848523.4

7.668870.7

7.489093.7

7.319433.9

7.189854.3

6.9910283.5

6.7810779.8

6.8111226

7.1211347.2

6.9111553

6.9911840.7

6.9512263.8

7.212638.4

7.6312976.2

7.6213254.1

8.0213312.2

National Electricity Price

GDP

Cent/Kwh

$/Billion GDP

Sheet1

year20072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026202720282029203020312032203320342035

quad. Btu101.65100.0995.6196.6198.56100.09100.59101.23101.61102.15102.72103.36104.23105.00105.55106.11106.72107.49108.26108.91109.59110.13110.52111.18111.77112.34113.05113.81114.51

megajoules107247628072383105601606950203100877432946551101924866020636103991566397764105599079036380106130132959349106806937573079107199822436645107775687746843108378702809296109053375155148109966728566314110785637597777111363499073648111949586820002112592929282310113406526107555114220952206701114905822722424115625032140982116189063944736116604793932679117298357053572117919371368871118525373294443119277456143257120080613190841120816452399748

Value Added

Primary Energy Use per $ Value AddedMetric Tons of Carbon per $ Vallue Added

billion btumegajoulesValue Added for US Manufacturing

196318,365,96419377117759089.4155.6155600000000124.5316051355billion btumegajoulesValue Added for US ManufacturingMillion Metric TonsMetric Tons

196419,426,50320496045635192.6167.2167200000000122.5840049952196318,365,96419377117759089.4155.6155600378.2378189230.1257372430.5220445099

196520,123,91121231850025429.4184.8184800000000114.8909633411196419,426,50320496045635192.6167.2167200401.4401380619.1146422400.6017889632

196621,029,71522187523834582.8204.9204900000000108.2846453616196520,123,91121231850025429.4184.8184800418.3418345886.4570352263.7764418671

196721,012,62822169496095273.8209.4209400000000105.8715190796196621,029,71522187523834582.8204.9204900438.8438828657.3356412141.6723149616

196821,872,06923076254350053.7228.2228200000000101.122937555196721,012,62822169496095273.8209.4209400438.0438003169.7846972091.7056818754

196922,653,72123900940865317.9239.223920000000099.9203213433196821,872,06923076254350053.7228.2228200454.0454040457.1381271989.6601978007

197022,974,83324239731959423.1235.5235500000000102.9287981292196922,653,72123900940865317.9239.2239200468.6468608073.3413691959.0638517616

197122,732,35623983905182082.624924900000000096.3209043457197022,974,83324239731959423.1235.5235500473.6473635916.2421972011.1928502853

197223,532,48924828090184510.7273.727370000000090.7127883979197122,732,35623983905182082.6249249000463.8463771525.3225591862.5362462753

197324,740,86226102991187142.7302.730270000000086.2338658313197223,532,48924828090184510.7273.7273700486.3486335787.4356341776.8936333052

197423,816,32925127557236974.7318.231820000000078.9678102985197324,740,86226102991187142.7302.7302700512.5512455529.1650831692.9485601754

197521,454,21322635392932796.1337.133710000000067.1474130311197423,816,32925127557236974.7318.2318200492.7492698639.1599651548.3929577623

197622,685,37123934333382970.4386.738670000000061.8938023868197521,454,21322635392932796.1337.1337100456.4456419885.777521353.9599103456

197723,192,69424469587481959.9438.643860000000055.7902131372197622,685,37123934333382970.4386.7386700487.6487598207.0313561260.921145672

197823,276,49124557997997022.4489.948990000000050.1285935845197723,192,69424469587481959.9438.6438600501.0501001805.5926551142.2749785514

197924,211,50025544484712275543.854380000000046.974043237197823,276,49124557997997022.4489.9489900497.1497071972.1870021014.6396656195

198022,610,28823855116624584.8556.655660000000042.8586356892197924,211,50025544484712275543.8543800518.1518135398.604971952.80507283

198121,338,21622513009619363.6616.561650000000036.5174527484198022,610,28823855116624584.8556.6556600489.3489343863.25784879.1661215556

198219,075,78620126019612648.1603.260320000000033.3654171297198121,338,21622513009619363.6616.5616500469.2469195710.876732761.0636023953

198318,578,01919600847627361.2653.165310000000030.0120159659198219,075,78620126019612648.1603.2603200412.2412230597.654898683.406163221

198420,197,51521309506356212.872472400000000029.433019829198318,578,01919600847627361.2653.1653100401.1401089647.842595614.132059168

198519,467,80520539621551909.3740.374030000000027.7449973685198420,197,51521309506356212.8724724000441.7441652492.289856610.017254544

198619,098,66220150155070272.776676600000000026.3056854703198519,467,80520539621551909.3740.3740300427.5427508258.582432577.4797495373

198719,977,07021076924569359.5811.381130000000025.9791995185198619,098,66220150155070272.7766766000415.8415841063.071592542.8734504851

198820,884,38122034188347678.9876.987690000000025.127367257198719,977,07021076924569359.5811.3811300432.1432116098.368916532.6218394785

198920,897,40322047927284957.6927.392730000000023.7764771756198820,884,38122034188347678.9876.9876900452.5452513651.333272516.0379191849

199021,208,22522375861854366.3947.494740000000023.6181780181198920,897,40322047927284957.6927.3927300458.8458756394.099419494.7227370855

199120,854,31722002469148604.5957.595750000000022.9790800508199021,208,22522375861854366.3947.4947400460.1460062672.809017485.6055233365

199221,786,66622986149415296.1996.799670000000023.0622548563199120,854,31722002469148604.5957.5957500448.4448384003.822217468.2861658718

199321,784,99922984390637194.21039.9103990000000022.1025008532199221,786,66622986149415296.1996.7996700468.9468882712.209243470.4351481983

199422,422,27223656749243891.21118.8111880000000021.1447526313199321,784,99922984390637194.21039.91039900466.2466232410.068273448.3435042487

199522,747,660240000517568111177.3117730000000020.3856720945199422,422,27223656749243891.21118.81118800474.4474435657.296283424.0576128855

199623,443,77024734486684554.51209.4120940000000020.4518659538199522,747,660240000517568111177.31177300474.2474170819.311955402.7612497341

199723,721,86425027891386104.41279.8127980000000019.5560957854199623,443,77024734486684554.51209.41209400488.7488701096.144549404.0855764384

199823,210,83824488730415302.31343.9134390000000018.2221373728199723,721,86425027891386104.41279.81279800496.4496443520.188931387.9071106336

199922,990,57824256343813781.31373.1137310000000017.665387673199823,210,83824488730415302.31343.91343900489.5489531642.727365364.2619560439

200022,870,80424129975554403.41426.2142620000000016.9190685419199922,990,57824256343813781.31373.11373100483.7483658961.026308352.2387014976

200121,835,587230377638025341341.3134130000000017.175698056200022,870,80424129975554403.41426.21426200487.2487207861.53238341.6125799554

200221,857,31323060685945931.11352.6135260000000017.0491541815200121,835,587230377638025341341.31341300468.0467955023.836562348.8816997216

200321,575,58222763444006254.71359.3135930000000016.7464459694200221,857,31323060685945931.11352.61352600467.9467859370.143027345.8963257009

200422,454,620236908781905271427.9142790000000016.5914126973200321,575,58222763444006254.71359.31359300468.9468858296.958742344.9262833508

200521,465,85522647675893001.81480.6148060000000015.2962825159200422,454,620236908781905271427.91427900475.7475695593.253471333.143492719

200621,632,05722823028285383.51577.4157740000000014.4687639694200521,465,85522647675893001.81480.61480600456.1456081815.496729308.0385083728

200721,454,00222635170316011.71616.8161680000000013.9999816403200621,632,05722823028285383.51577.41577400450.7450666596.448429285.7021658732

200820,630,13721765946728151.51637.7163770000000013.2905579338200721,454,00222635170316011.71616.81616800447.2447187247.914711276.5878574435

200820,630,13721765946728151.51637.7

Manufacturing866.4

915.8

927.5

917

904.4

934.3

973.5

1048.2

1095.6

1136.4

1205.4

1286.2

1342.1

1426.2

1346.9

1384.4

1400.1

1478.3

1491

1573.3

1618.6

1574.3

billion btumegajoulesValue Added for US Manufacturingbillion btumegajoulesValue Added for US ManufacturingMillion Metric TonsMetric Tons

196318,365,96419377117759089.4155.6155600000000124.5316051355196318,365,96419377117759089.4155.6155600378.2378189230.1257372430.5220445099

196419,426,50320496045635192.6167.2167200000000122.5840049952196419,426,50320496045635192.6167.2167200401.4401380619.1146422400.6017889632

196520,123,91121231850025429.4184.8184800000000114.8909633411196520,123,91121231850025429.4184.8184800418.3418345886.4570352263.7764418671

196621,029,71522187523834582.8204.9204900000000108.2846453616196621,029,71522187523834582.8204.9204900438.8438828657.3356412141.6723149616

196721,012,62822169496095273.8209.4209400000000105.8715190796196721,012,62822169496095273.8209.4209400438.0438003169.7846972091.7056818754

196821,872,06923076254350053.7228.2228200000000101.122937555196821,872,06923076254350053.7228.2228200454.0454040457.1381271989.6601978007

196922,653,72123900940865317.9239.223920000000099.9203213433196922,653,72123900940865317.9239.2239200468.6468608073.3413691959.0638517616

197022,974,83324239731959423.1235.5235500000000102.9287981292197022,974,83324239731959423.1235.5235500473.6473635916.2421972011.1928502853

197122,732,35623983905182082.624924900000000096.3209043457197122,732,35623983905182082.6249249000463.8463771525.3225591862.5362462753

197223,532,48924828090184510.7273.727370000000090.7127883979197223,532,48924828090184510.7273.7273700486.3486335787.4356341776.8936333052

197324,740,86226102991187142.7302.730270000000086.2338658313197324,740,86226102991187142.7302.7302700512.5512455529.1650831692.9485601754

197423,816,32925127557236974.7318.231820000000078.9678102985197423,816,32925127557236974.7318.2318200492.7492698639.1599651548.3929577623

197521,454,21322635392932796.1337.133710000000067.1474130311197521,454,21322635392932796.1337.1337100456.4456419885.777521353.9599103456

197622,685,37123934333382970.4386.738670000000061.8938023868197622,685,37123934333382970.4386.7386700487.6487598207.0313561260.921145672

197723,192,69424469587481959.9438.643860000000055.7902131372197723,192,69424469587481959.9438.6438600501.0501001805.5926551142.2749785514

197823,276,49124557997997022.4489.948990000000050.1285935845197823,276,49124557997997022.4489.9489900497.1497071972.1870021014.6396656195

197924,211,50025544484712275543.854380000000046.974043237197924,211,50025544484712275543.8543800518.1518135398.604971952.80507283

198022,610,28823855116624584.8556.655660000000042.8586356892198022,610,28823855116624584.8556.6556600489.3489343863.25784879.1661215556

198121,338,21622513009619363.6616.561650000000036.5174527484198121,338,21622513009619363.6616.5616500469.2469195710.876732761.0636023953

198219,075,78620126019612648.1603.260320000000033.3654171297198219,075,78620126019612648.1603.2603200412.2412230597.654898683.406163221

198318,578,01919600847627361.2653.165310000000030.0120159659198318,578,01919600847627361.2653.1653100401.1401089647.842595614.132059168

198420,197,51521309506356212.872472400000000029.433019829198420,197,51521309506356212.8724724000441.7441652492.289856610.017254544

198519,467,80520539621551909.3740.374030000000027.7449973685198519,467,80520539621551909.3740.3740300427.5427508258.582432577.4797495373

198619,098,66220150155070272.776676600000000026.3056854703198619,098,66220150155070272.7766766000415.8415841063.071592542.8734504851

198719,977,07021076924569359.5866.486640000000024.3270135842198719,977,07021076924569359.5866.4866400432.1432116098.368916498.7489593362

198820,884,38122034188347678.9915.891580000000024.0600440573198820,884,38122034188347678.9915.8915800452.5452513651.333272494.1184225085

198920,897,40322047927284957.6927.592750000000023.7713501725198920,897,40322047927284957.6927.5927500458.8458756394.099419494.6160583282

199021,208,22522375861854366.391791700000000024.4011579655199021,208,22522375861854366.3917917000460.1460062672.809017501.7041142955

199120,854,31722002469148604.5904.490440000000024.3282498326199120,854,31722002469148604.5904.4904400448.4448384003.822217495.7806322669

199221,786,66622986149415296.1934.393430000000024.6025360326199221,786,66622986149415296.1934.3934300468.9468882712.209243501.8545565763

199321,784,99922984390637194.2973.597350000000023.6100571517199321,784,99922984390637194.2973.5973500466.2466232410.068273478.9238932391

199422,422,27223656749243891.21048.2104820000000022.5689269642199422,422,27223656749243891.21048.21048200474.4474435657.296283452.6194021144

199522,747,660240000517568111095.6109560000000021.9058522789199522,747,660240000517568111095.61095600474.2474170819.311955432.7955634465

199623,443,77024734486684554.51136.4113640000000021.7656517816199623,443,77024734486684554.51136.41136400488.7488701096.144549430.0432032247

199723,721,86425027891386104.41205.4120540000000020.763142016199723,721,86425027891386104.41205.41205400496.4496443520.188931411.8496102447

199823,210,83824488730415302.31286.2128620000000019.0395975861199823,210,83824488730415302.31286.21286200489.5489531642.727365380.603049858

199922,990,57824256343813781.31342.1134210000000018.0734250904199922,990,57824256343813781.31342.11342100483.7483658961.026308360.3747567441

200022,870,80424129975554403.41426.2142620000000016.9190685419200022,870,80424129975554403.41426.21426200487.2487207861.53238341.6125799554

200121,835,587230377638025341346.9134690000000017.1042867344200121,835,587230377638025341346.91346900468.0467955023.836562347.4311558665

200221,857,31323060685945931.11384.4138440000000016.6575310213200221,857,31323060685945931.11384.41384400467.9467859370.143027337.9510041484

200321,575,58222763444006254.71400.1140010000000016.2584415444200321,575,58222763444006254.71400.11400100468.9468858296.958742334.8748639088

200422,454,620236908781905271478.3147830000000016.0257580941200422,454,620236908781905271478.31478300475.7475695593.253471321.7855599361

200521,465,85522647675893001.81491149100000000015.1895881241200521,465,85522647675893001.814911491000456.1456081815.496729305.8898829623

200621,632,05722823028285383.51573.3157330000000014.5064693862200621,632,05722823028285383.51573.31573300450.7450666596.448429286.4467021219

200721,454,00222635170316011.71618.6161860000000013.9844126504200721,454,00222635170316011.71618.61618600447.2447187247.914711276.2802717872

200820,630,13721765946728151.51574.3157430000000013.82579351341574.3

Industrial Electricity Price cents/kwh$real value added

19876.52866.4132.8834355828

19886.21915.8147.4718196457

19896.01927.5154.3261231281

19905.81917157.8313253012

19915.72904.4158.1118881119

19925.59934.3167.137745975

19935.49973.5177.3224043716

19945.281048.2198.5227272727

19955.061095.6216.5217391304

19964.91136.4231.9183673469

19974.751205.4253.7684210526

19984.641286.2277.1982758621

19994.531342.1296.2693156733

20004.641426.2307.3706896552

20014.931346.9273.2048681542

20024.681384.4295.811965812

20034.81400.1291.6875

20044.81478.3307.9791666667

20055.071491294.0828402367

20065.281573.3297.9734848485

20075.331618.6303.6772983114

20085.731574.3274.7469458988

Sheet1

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Megajoule per US$

Electricity vs. GDP

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0

Metric tons of Carbon in Industry per Million $ Value Added in Manufacturing

Sheet3

0

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0

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Megaloule per 2000US$

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

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0

0

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0

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0

0

Metric Tons of Carbon per Million $ Value Added

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Price of Electricity

Value Added of Manufacturing

Cents/KWH

$/Billions

199910779.84.53

2000112264.14%4.642.43%

200111347.21.08%4.936.25%

2002115531.81%4.68-5.07%

200311840.72.49%4.82.56%

200412263.83.57%4.80.00%

200512638.43.05%5.075.63%

200612976.22.67%5.284.14%

200713254.12.14%5.330.95%

200813312.20.44%5.737.50%

200912988.7-2.43%

16500

19878.77313.3

19888.397613.9

19898.217885.9

19908.058033.9

19917.998015.1

19927.898287.1

19937.848523.4

19947.668870.7

19957.489093.7

19967.319433.9

19977.189854.3

19986.9910283.5

19996.7810779.812988.7

20006.8111226

20017.1211347.2

20026.9111553

20036.9911840.7

20046.9512263.8

20057.212638.4

20067.6312976.2

20077.6213254.1

20088.0213312.2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Real GDP Growth

Real Electricity Price Growth

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Electricity Price

GDP

U.S. Industrial Sector - Carbon IntensitySource: EIA, BEA1987-2007: 45% Reduction2000-2007: 19% ReductionIndustrial Energy Consumers of America

Chart6

498.7489593362

494.1184225085

494.6160583282

501.7041142955

495.7806322669

501.8545565763

478.9238932391

452.6194021144

432.7955634465

430.0432032247

411.8496102447

380.603049858

360.3747567441

341.6125799554

347.4311558665

337.9510041484

334.8748639088

321.7855599361

305.8898829623

286.4467021219

276.2802717872

Metric Tons of Carbon per Million 2000$ Value Added

Sheet1

year20072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026202720282029203020312032203320342035

quad. Btu101.65100.0995.6196.6198.56100.09100.59101.23101.61102.15102.72103.36104.23105.00105.55106.11106.72107.49108.26108.91109.59110.13110.52111.18111.77112.34113.05113.81114.51

megajoules107247628072383105601606950203100877432946551101924866020636103991566397764105599079036380106130132959349106806937573079107199822436645107775687746843108378702809296109053375155148109966728566314110785637597777111363499073648111949586820002112592929282310113406526107555114220952206701114905822722424115625032140982116189063944736116604793932679117298357053572117919371368871118525373294443119277456143257120080613190841120816452399748

Value Added

Primary Energy Use per $ Value AddedMetric Tons of Carbon per $ Vallue Added

billion btumegajoulesValue Added for US Manufacturing

196318,365,96419377117759089.4155.6155600000000124.5316051355billion btumegajoulesValue Added for US ManufacturingMillion Metric TonsMetric Tons

196419,426,50320496045635192.6167.2167200000000122.5840049952196318,365,96419377117759089.4155.6155600378.2378189230.1257372430.5220445099

196520,123,91121231850025429.4184.8184800000000114.8909633411196419,426,50320496045635192.6167.2167200401.4401380619.1146422400.6017889632

196621,029,71522187523834582.8204.9204900000000108.2846453616196520,123,91121231850025429.4184.8184800418.3418345886.4570352263.7764418671

196721,012,62822169496095273.8209.4209400000000105.8715190796196621,029,71522187523834582.8204.9204900438.8438828657.3356412141.6723149616

196821,872,06923076254350053.7228.2228200000000101.122937555196721,012,62822169496095273.8209.4209400438.0438003169.7846972091.7056818754

196922,653,72123900940865317.9239.223920000000099.9203213433196821,872,06923076254350053.7228.2228200454.0454040457.1381271989.6601978007

197022,974,83324239731959423.1235.5235500000000102.9287981292196922,653,72123900940865317.9239.2239200468.6468608073.3413691959.0638517616

197122,732,35623983905182082.624924900000000096.3209043457197022,974,83324239731959423.1235.5235500473.6473635916.2421972011.1928502853

197223,532,48924828090184510.7273.727370000000090.7127883979197122,732,35623983905182082.6249249000463.8463771525.3225591862.5362462753

197324,740,86226102991187142.7302.730270000000086.2338658313197223,532,48924828090184510.7273.7273700486.3486335787.4356341776.8936333052

197423,816,32925127557236974.7318.231820000000078.9678102985197324,740,86226102991187142.7302.7302700512.5512455529.1650831692.9485601754

197521,454,21322635392932796.1337.133710000000067.1474130311197423,816,32925127557236974.7318.2318200492.7492698639.1599651548.3929577623

197622,685,37123934333382970.4386.738670000000061.8938023868197521,454,21322635392932796.1337.1337100456.4456419885.777521353.9599103456

197723,192,69424469587481959.9438.643860000000055.7902131372197622,685,37123934333382970.4386.7386700487.6487598207.0313561260.921145672

197823,276,49124557997997022.4489.948990000000050.1285935845197723,192,69424469587481959.9438.6438600501.0501001805.5926551142.2749785514

197924,211,50025544484712275543.854380000000046.974043237197823,276,49124557997997022.4489.9489900497.1497071972.1870021014.6396656195

198022,610,28823855116624584.8556.655660000000042.8586356892197924,211,50025544484712275543.8543800518.1518135398.604971952.80507283

198121,338,21622513009619363.6616.561650000000036.5174527484198022,610,28823855116624584.8556.6556600489.3489343863.25784879.1661215556

198219,075,78620126019612648.1603.260320000000033.3654171297198121,338,21622513009619363.6616.5616500469.2469195710.876732761.0636023953

198318,578,01919600847627361.2653.165310000000030.0120159659198219,075,78620126019612648.1603.2603200412.2412230597.654898683.406163221

198420,197,51521309506356212.872472400000000029.433019829198318,578,01919600847627361.2653.1653100401.1401089647.842595614.132059168

198519,467,80520539621551909.3740.374030000000027.7449973685198420,197,51521309506356212.8724724000441.7441652492.289856610.017254544

198619,098,66220150155070272.776676600000000026.3056854703198519,467,80520539621551909.3740.3740300427.5427508258.582432577.4797495373

198719,977,07021076924569359.5811.381130000000025.9791995185198619,098,66220150155070272.7766766000415.8415841063.071592542.8734504851

198820,884,38122034188347678.9876.987690000000025.127367257198719,977,07021076924569359.5811.3811300432.1432116098.368916532.6218394785

198920,897,40322047927284957.6927.392730000000023.7764771756198820,884,38122034188347678.9876.9876900452.5452513651.333272516.0379191849

199021,208,22522375861854366.3947.494740000000023.6181780181198920,897,40322047927284957.6927.3927300458.8458756394.099419494.7227370855

199120,854,31722002469148604.5957.595750000000022.9790800508199021,208,22522375861854366.3947.4947400460.1460062672.809017485.6055233365

199221,786,66622986149415296.1996.799670000000023.0622548563199120,854,31722002469148604.5957.5957500448.4448384003.822217468.2861658718

199321,784,99922984390637194.21039.9103990000000022.1025008532199221,786,66622986149415296.1996.7996700468.9468882712.209243470.4351481983

199422,422,27223656749243891.21118.8111880000000021.1447526313199321,784,99922984390637194.21039.91039900466.2466232410.068273448.3435042487

199522,747,660240000517568111177.3117730000000020.3856720945199422,422,27223656749243891.21118.81118800474.4474435657.296283424.0576128855

199623,443,77024734486684554.51209.4120940000000020.4518659538199522,747,660240000517568111177.31177300474.2474170819.311955402.7612497341

199723,721,86425027891386104.41279.8127980000000019.5560957854199623,443,77024734486684554.51209.41209400488.7488701096.144549404.0855764384

199823,210,83824488730415302.31343.9134390000000018.2221373728199723,721,86425027891386104.41279.81279800496.4496443520.188931387.9071106336

199922,990,57824256343813781.31373.1137310000000017.665387673199823,210,83824488730415302.31343.91343900489.5489531642.727365364.2619560439

200022,870,80424129975554403.41426.2142620000000016.9190685419199922,990,57824256343813781.31373.11373100483.7483658961.026308352.2387014976

200121,835,587230377638025341341.3134130000000017.175698056200022,870,80424129975554403.41426.21426200487.2487207861.53238341.6125799554

200221,857,31323060685945931.11352.6135260000000017.0491541815200121,835,587230377638025341341.31341300468.0467955023.836562348.8816997216

200321,575,58222763444006254.71359.3135930000000016.7464459694200221,857,31323060685945931.11352.61352600467.9467859370.143027345.8963257009

200422,454,620236908781905271427.9142790000000016.5914126973200321,575,58222763444006254.71359.31359300468.9468858296.958742344.9262833508

200521,465,85522647675893001.81480.6148060000000015.2962825159200422,454,620236908781905271427.91427900475.7475695593.253471333.143492719

200621,632,05722823028285383.51577.4157740000000014.4687639694200521,465,85522647675893001.81480.61480600456.1456081815.496729308.0385083728

200721,454,00222635170316011.71616.8161680000000013.9999816403200621,632,05722823028285383.51577.41577400450.7450666596.448429285.7021658732

200820,630,13721765946728151.51637.7163770000000013.2905579338200721,454,00222635170316011.71616.81616800447.2447187247.914711276.5878574435

200820,630,13721765946728151.51637.7

Manufacturing866.4

915.8

927.5

917

904.4

934.3

973.5

1048.2

1095.6

1136.4

1205.4

1286.2

1342.1

1426.2

1346.9

1384.4

1400.1

1478.3

1491

1573.3

1618.6

1574.3

billion btumegajoulesValue Added for US Manufacturingbillion btumegajoulesValue Added for US ManufacturingMillion Metric TonsMetric Tons

196318,365,96419377117759089.4155.6155600000000124.5316051355196318,365,96419377117759089.4155.6155600378.2378189230.1257372430.5220445099

196419,426,50320496045635192.6167.2167200000000122.5840049952196419,426,50320496045635192.6167.2167200401.4401380619.1146422400.6017889632

196520,123,91121231850025429.4184.8184800000000114.8909633411196520,123,91121231850025429.4184.8184800418.3418345886.4570352263.7764418671

196621,029,71522187523834582.8204.9204900000000108.2846453616196621,029,71522187523834582.8204.9204900438.8438828657.3356412141.6723149616

196721,012,62822169496095273.8209.4209400000000105.8715190796196721,012,62822169496095273.8209.4209400438.0438003169.7846972091.7056818754

196821,872,06923076254350053.7228.2228200000000101.122937555196821,872,06923076254350053.7228.2228200454.0454040457.1381271989.6601978007

196922,653,72123900940865317.9239.223920000000099.9203213433196922,653,72123900940865317.9239.2239200468.6468608073.3413691959.0638517616

197022,974,83324239731959423.1235.5235500000000102.9287981292197022,974,83324239731959423.1235.5235500473.6473635916.2421972011.1928502853

197122,732,35623983905182082.624924900000000096.3209043457197122,732,35623983905182082.6249249000463.8463771525.3225591862.5362462753

197223,532,48924828090184510.7273.727370000000090.7127883979197223,532,48924828090184510.7273.7273700486.3486335787.4356341776.8936333052

197324,740,86226102991187142.7302.730270000000086.2338658313197324,740,86226102991187142.7302.7302700512.5512455529.1650831692.9485601754

197423,816,32925127557236974.7318.231820000000078.9678102985197423,816,32925127557236974.7318.2318200492.7492698639.1599651548.3929577623

197521,454,21322635392932796.1337.133710000000067.1474130311197521,454,21322635392932796.1337.1337100456.4456419885.777521353.9599103456

197622,685,37123934333382970.4386.738670000000061.8938023868197622,685,37123934333382970.4386.7386700487.6487598207.0313561260.921145672

197723,192,69424469587481959.9438.643860000000055.7902131372197723,192,69424469587481959.9438.6438600501.0501001805.5926551142.2749785514

197823,276,49124557997997022.4489.948990000000050.1285935845197823,276,49124557997997022.4489.9489900497.1497071972.1870021014.6396656195

197924,211,50025544484712275543.854380000000046.974043237197924,211,50025544484712275543.8543800518.1518135398.604971952.80507283

198022,610,28823855116624584.8556.655660000000042.8586356892198022,610,28823855116624584.8556.6556600489.3489343863.25784879.1661215556

198121,338,21622513009619363.6616.561650000000036.5174527484198121,338,21622513009619363.6616.5616500469.2469195710.876732761.0636023953

198219,075,78620126019612648.1603.260320000000033.3654171297198219,075,78620126019612648.1603.2603200412.2412230597.654898683.406163221

198318,578,01919600847627361.2653.165310000000030.0120159659198318,578,01919600847627361.2653.1653100401.1401089647.842595614.132059168

198420,197,51521309506356212.872472400000000029.433019829198420,197,51521309506356212.8724724000441.7441652492.289856610.017254544

198519,467,80520539621551909.3740.374030000000027.7449973685198519,467,80520539621551909.3740.3740300427.5427508258.582432577.4797495373

198619,098,66220150155070272.776676600000000026.3056854703198619,098,66220150155070272.7766766000415.8415841063.071592542.8734504851

198719,977,07021076924569359.5866.486640000000024.3270135842198719,977,07021076924569359.5866.4866400432.1432116098.368916498.7489593362

198820,884,38122034188347678.9915.891580000000024.0600440573198820,884,38122034188347678.9915.8915800452.5452513651.333272494.1184225085

198920,897,40322047927284957.6927.592750000000023.7713501725198920,897,40322047927284957.6927.5927500458.8458756394.099419494.6160583282

199021,208,22522375861854366.391791700000000024.4011579655199021,208,22522375861854366.3917917000460.1460062672.809017501.7041142955

199120,854,31722002469148604.5904.490440000000024.3282498326199120,854,31722002469148604.5904.4904400448.4448384003.822217495.7806322669

199221,786,66622986149415296.1934.393430000000024.6025360326199221,786,66622986149415296.1934.3934300468.9468882712.209243501.8545565763

199321,784,99922984390637194.2973.597350000000023.6100571517199321,784,99922984390637194.2973.5973500466.2466232410.068273478.9238932391

199422,422,27223656749243891.21048.2104820000000022.5689269642199422,422,27223656749243891.21048.21048200474.4474435657.296283452.6194021144

199522,747,660240000517568111095.6109560000000021.9058522789199522,747,660240000517568111095.61095600474.2474170819.311955432.7955634465

199623,443,77024734486684554.51136.4113640000000021.7656517816199623,443,77024734486684554.51136.41136400488.7488701096.144549430.0432032247

199723,721,86425027891386104.41205.4120540000000020.763142016199723,721,86425027891386104.41205.41205400496.4496443520.188931411.8496102447

199823,210,83824488730415302.31286.2128620000000019.0395975861199823,210,83824488730415302.31286.21286200489.5489531642.727365380.603049858

199922,990,57824256343813781.31342.1134210000000018.0734250904199922,990,57824256343813781.31342.11342100483.7483658961.026308360.3747567441

200022,870,80424129975554403.41426.2142620000000016.9190685419200022,870,80424129975554403.41426.21426200487.2487207861.53238341.6125799554

200121,835,587230377638025341346.9134690000000017.1042867344200121,835,587230377638025341346.91346900468.0467955023.836562347.4311558665

200221,857,31323060685945931.11384.4138440000000016.6575310213200221,857,31323060685945931.11384.41384400467.9467859370.143027337.9510041484

200321,575,58222763444006254.71400.1140010000000016.2584415444200321,575,58222763444006254.71400.11400100468.9468858296.958742334.8748639088

200422,454,620236908781905271478.3147830000000016.0257580941200422,454,620236908781905271478.31478300475.7475695593.253471321.7855599361

200521,465,85522647675893001.81491149100000000015.1895881241200521,465,85522647675893001.814911491000456.1456081815.496729305.8898829623

200621,632,05722823028285383.51573.3157330000000014.5064693862200621,632,05722823028285383.51573.31573300450.7450666596.448429286.4467021219

200721,454,00222635170316011.71618.6161860000000013.9844126504200721,454,00222635170316011.71618.61618600447.2447187247.914711276.2802717872

200820,630,13721765946728151.51574.3157430000000013.82579351341574.3

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Buildings in the Overall US Energy PictureFrom: Steve Selkowitz, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 2006

Energy efficiency potential used by sectorTwo-thirds of the economic potential to improve energy efficiency remains untapped in the period to 2035.

Agenda


The Ozone LayerSunUltravioletRadiationOzonelayerThe ozone layer is a protective blanket that filters out most of the harmful ultravioletRadiation from the sun. The ozone layer lies in the stratosphere typically between 8 and25 miles (13 to 40 km) above the Earths surface.AFEASSeptember 1993

ReservoirComponentsStratospheric Ozone Production/DestructionO2(molecularOxygen)O(atomicOxygen)O3(ozone)SourcegasesO2O2Cl(activeSpecies)OzoneDestructioncycleClOO2Cl2O2ClOOSolarUltravioletenergySolarUltravioletenergyO3SolarUltravioletenergySolarUltravioletenergyProductionDestruction (e.g., by chlorine

Variability in the ozone hole Unusual ozone hole in 2002 due to dynamical variability

Ozone Holes 2012OMI Total Ozone for August 1, 2012

Ozone Holes 2012OMI Total Ozone for September 5, 2012

Ozone Holes 2012OMI Total Ozone for October 3, 2012

Ozone Holes 2012OMI Total Ozone for November 7, 2012

Ozone Holes 2012OMI Total Ozone for December 5, 2012

Ozone Hole 2013August 7, 2013

Ozone Hole 2013September 4, 2013

Ozone Hole 2013September 11, 2013

Agenda


Projected HFC Growth*PNAS, 2009, Velders, et alU.S. EPA, 2009HFC growth linked to ODS phaseout, expanding availability of air conditioning & refrigeration

Montreal Protocol - 2013EPA hosted August HFC stakeholder meeting SNAP applicability?Mid year Bangkok meeting created management (not Amendment) group to discussLegalFinancial money thru Montrl ProtocolTechnical

Agenda


Conservation andnon-fluorocarbontechnologies - 80%HCFCs - 12%HFCs - 8%*Based on linear extrapolation of CFC useHCFCs andHFCs - 33%Conservation andnon-fluorocarbontechnologies - 67%Conservation andnon-fluorocarbontechnologies - 54%HCFCs andHFCs - 46%Conservation andnon-fluorocarbontechnologies - 84%HCFCs andHFCs - 16%Conservation andnon-fluorocarbontechnologies - >96%HCFCs andHFCs - 97%HCFCs andHFCs -

Timeline for Development of TechnologiesUsed to Meet ODS Phaseout in United StatesKey Take-AwaysAlternatives were identified 12-18 years prior to phase out dates9 year advance notice from when Clean Air Act was known and 1st phase out occurred15 year advance notice from when Clean Air Act was known and HCFC-22 phase out occurred2.6%/year average reduction from phase out decision to 100% phase out4.2%/year average reduction from phase out decision to 75% reductionIncreasing equipment efficiency standards increases refrigerant charge amount

Class12L32R-1234yfLow Flammable RangeHigh LFLNarrow flammable window

Difficult to igniteHigh Min. Ignition Energy

Low impact of ignitionLow Burning VelocityLow Heat of CombustionLFL > 0.1 kg/m3andHOC < 19 MJ/kgLFL 0.1 kg/m3orHOC 19 MJ/kgNo flamepropagation

Technology PerspectiveAir Conditioning Auto ACsStandardized on 134a worldwide since 1994EU MAC directive no Refrigerant > 150 GWP new models 1/1/11Existing model HFC-134a ban 1/1/17HFO 1234yf being promoted with limited commercial supplyMercedes rejected too flammableToyota rejected customer concernsReturned to HFC-134aFrance banned new Mercedes models in JulyWorking on Transcritical Carbon Dioxide041703-139

Technology PerspectiveAuto Air Conditioning - continuedCounter trend is increasing energy efficiency, fuel cellsReduced waste energy134a inefficient in heat pumpsFocus on service practicesUS EPA granting mileage credits for using lower GWP a/c fluids

Technology PerspectiveCommercial Air Conditioning Chillers historically HCFC-123 about 55-75% in North AmericaLess in ROWThe rest is HFC-134aNow some movement toward HFO-1233zeOther Commercial - < 50 TonsUS clear direction to R-410A scrollsJapan Probably all R-410A >50T. about 50:50 134a:123 and moving toward R-410A >50THFC-32 in VFR systems

Residential A/C & Heat PumpsEurope/Japan slow but gradual acceptance R-410A, moving from R-407CNorth America 15-20% R-410A but growingSome European/Developing Countries hydrocarbons in small charge systemsMiddle East has major problem high pressure with R-410A at 50o C ambientInstalled base mostly HCFC-22Companies beginning to promote HFO/HFC blends

Technology Perspective

Technology PerspectiveDomestic RefrigerationMarket is fragmentingAppliance Europe & International moving to HCsNorth America/Japan using HFCs 134a, 245fa, HCs in Mexico and JapanEPA has approved GE Monogram line with HCs not being marketed as yetDeveloping Countries increasingly moving to HCsInfluenced by European bilateral funding

4/11/03-137

Technology PerspectiveCommercial Refrigeration(vending, rack, ice machines)North America/Japan using HFC-134a, R-404A (ice), R-507 (mostly HCFC-22 in use)Europe HFC-134a dominant, some HCs/ammonia indirectmostly HCFC-22 in useSome R-404a in new systems Government promoted CO2 cascade systems in supermarkets, including USR-22D and R-427A considered for retrofitsArticle 5 countries mostly HCFC-22Multinational Corporations Coca Cola, et.al. slowing moving toward CO2Cartridge systems in vending machines041703-138

Refrigerant Responsible Use

Responsible UseRUPs endorsed byOver 30 government & Trade associations

Responsible Use Guide UpdateFire Protection first Guide, will be revised

Responsible Use GuideAir conditioning &Refrigeration The newest guide

Responsible Use GuidesRefrigerators veryComprehensive forFoams & refrigeration

Agenda


DrivingDrive 10% less walk, carpool, public transit, in-line skate, teleworkDont use car A/C, or use sparinglyGive up 2nd vehicleDont idle stop more than 10 seconds (except in traffic) turn off engineDrive at posted speed limit 62 mph to 75 mph + 20% more fuelCruise Control

DrivingBlock heater when temp below 32FWinter fuel economy 10%Vehicle maintenanceTire inflation 70% of vehicles have one tire over/under inflatedHybrid-electric vehiclesRemove roof racks when not in use

HomeInstall energy-efficient furnaceCaulking/weather stripping could be 20% of heat/ac losesEnergy Star Label windows/sliding doorsInstall storm windows could be 25% of heat/ac losesReplace exterior doorsUse window blindsFurnace maintenance every 2 years1o = 5% energy savings programmable thermostatSeal/insulate warm air ductsUpgrade insulation

HomeLower thermostat - 2F=2% heat billShut off pilot lightsCeiling Fans - 8 - $1.50/month (a/c $6-$40)Remove window a/c in winterFlorescent light bulbs light dimmers, occupancy sensorsWindow curtains: open in winter, closed in summerClean/replace a/c-heating filtersTurn off all sources of heat in summer: lights, appliances, electrical equipmentBaking/washing/drying/ironing early morning or evening

AppliancesClean refrigerator coils regularlyEnergy StarUnplug second refrigerator or freezerDishwasher no-heat/air dry cycle, not hand washMaintain refrigerator @ 35F, freezer @ 0FCloths rinse in cold, wash in warm waterDont overdry, hang clothes to dryPurchase dryer with moisture sensorHot water tank pre 2004, insulate

AppliancesPurchase front load washer 40% less water per loadEfficient light bulbs-LED or fluorescentInstall outdoor automatic timersComputer system with energy-saver optionComputer running full time: $70-$100 energy per year Use sleep or hibernate modeSmart Strip Power StripUse as little paper as possibleBuy right size monitorTurn off computer at night 1/3rd left on40% of appliance energy used when off

LawnCapture/reuse rainwaterLeave grass clippings on lawnWater early in morningAvoid chemical useLimit use of gas powered mowers, toolsPool efficiencyPlant trees

Home WaterLow-flow showerheadsHigh-efficiency water heatersQuick showersAvoid running the tapInsulate water pipes (not w/i 6 of exhaust pipe)Turn off cottage water heaterTurn water off when shaving/brushing teeth

BONUS MATERIAL

ASHRAE Members Make the Difference

First, a Few RemindersSocial MediaChapter social media accounts & websites should be used for chapter business onlyNo political or religious statements should be allowed All websites, social media accounts, promotional materials, brochures, t-shirts, banners, etc. must reflect the new ASHRAE brand, as of July 1.

Membership Update53,700 total Members9,800 outside North AmericaRelatively stable or past year (+100)Full dues-paying Members also stable

Renewing ASHRAEs Strategic PlanThe Board approved a comprehensive strategic plan revision starting this FallAll stakeholders encouraged to provide inputchapter leaders should contact their DRCsA Board-approved strategic and business plan anticipated by 2014 Annual ConferenceStrong focus on:Understanding member and industry needsServing stakeholders betterClear direction and focus

Building Energy Quotient

In Operation Rating (Operational) launched in March 2012As Designed Rating (Asset)Launched in May 2013Research project underway to develop expanded median EUI tables

Major Standards under Review/Revision

Free Resources for MembersAdvanced Energy Design GuidesAvailable at www.ashrae.org/freeaedgFree download of Indoor Air Quality Guide: Best Practices for Design, Construction and Commissioning www.ashrae.org/FreeIAQGuidance

Total Electronic Distribution: 467,230June 2013

USA, Canada, India about 90% of totalAEDG Distribution June 2013

AEDGs June 2013

Energy Position Document: draft document undergoing some revisionsClimate Change Position Document updated March 2013Commissioning Position Document: permanently postponed Ammonia as a Refrigerant: Being updatedIndoor Combustion in Developing Countries: Roster is being evaluatedAir Filtration and Cleaning: Being updatedLimiting Mold Growth: updated with current referencesTobacco Smoke : reaffirmedLegionellosis : Being updated All 13 current Position Documents online at: www.ashrae.org/about-ashrae/position-documentsASHRAE Position Docs Update

Advanced Roof Top Unit Campaign (ARC) OverviewPurpose: Encourage high efficiency RTU adoptionReplacements with high efficiency unitsRetrofit controls for unit less than 10 years oldPlayersOrganizers: ASHRAE and RILASupporters: Utility programs, efficiency organizations, manufacturers, contractorsParticipants: Building owners, RTU decision makersDepartment of Energy provides technical supportwww.advancedrtu.org

New Standards ActivitiesTitle, purpose, scopes approved forStandard 189.2P, Standard for the Design of High-Performance, Sustainable Low-Rise Residential Buildingsapproved in DenverStandard 214P, Standard for Measuring and Expressing Building Energy Performance in a Rating Programapproved in DenverStandard 90.4P, Energy Standard for Data Centers and Telecommunications Buildingsadvisory public review expected later this summer

Research PromotionNew 2012-13 all time high ($2.2M)4.4% increase1.5% increase over previous high in 2011-2012Projects80+ active50 year total over 700

2014-15 Changes in Handbook BenefitNew options to choose from:Print volume (I-P or SI edition) + CD orOne-year ASHRAE Handbook Online subscription + separate CD mailing orAll three formats, print/CD/online

ASHRAExCHANGENew online discussion platformTopics: standards, design practices, ASHRAE issues, etc.Open to allno registration necessaryVolunteer moderators www.ASHRAExCHANGE.org

Redlined Versions of ASHRAE Standards in Online Bookstore

Identifies ASHRAE standards revisions:changes made during standards revision processAdditions, deletions, etc., displayed in redUsers can easily change procedures, equipment, products, etc.

Newest PublicationsUnderstanding Psychrometrics, 3rd edition

District and Central Solar Hot Water Systems Design Guide

District Cooling Guide

HVAC Design Manual for Hospitals and Clinics, 2nd editionData Center Essentials: Guidance on Energy- Efficient Design and OperationDesign, Construction and Operation of Underfloor Air Distribution Systems

Grassroots Government Activities Committee (GGAC)

GGAC took over grassroots government activities role from Chapter Technology Transfer Committee July 1Issues determined Society-wide, but local/regional government focus Includes regional vice chairs supported by chapter chairs

Director and Regional Chair Transition on Members Council

Regional Members Council representatives (RMCRs) will replace DRCs on MC over the next three yearsRMCRs to be selected by Chapters Regional CommitteesTransition of membership began July 1Allows Board business focus for DRCsProvides regional member exposure and experience as ASHRAE leaders

Join Us in 2013/2014Oct. 15-18: IAQ 2013Vancouver, British Columbia, Canadawww.ashrae.org/iaq2013 2014Feb. 24-26: International Conference on Energy and Indoor Environment for Hot ClimatesDoha, Qatarwww.ashrae.org/hotclimates

Join Us in 2014April 6-8, 2014: High Performance Buildings ConferenceSan Francisco, Calif. April 17, 2014: Energy and Water Efficiency without Compromising IEQ WebcastApril 24-25, 2014: Efficient, High Performance Buildings for Developing Economies ConferenceManila, Philippineswww.ashrae.org/Developing2014June 28-July 2: 2014 ASHRAE Annual ConferenceSeattle, Wash. www.ashrae.org/Seattle Sept. 10-12, 2014: ASHRAE/IBPSA-USA Building Simulation ConferenceAtlanta, Ga.

**********************Figure 4. Radiative forcing, relative to 1750, of all the long-lived greenhouse gases. The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), which is indexed to 1 for the year 1990, is shown on the right axis. **************************With Louisville**With Louisville**With Louisville*****************************************************************US Projections from EIA***************************************************** The reductions in consumption shown on the previous chart are described in more detail here on an individual application basis.

These charts demonstrate that industries that formerly used CFCs did evaluate non-fluorochemical options and, where practical, adopted these other options.

Where HFCs or HCFCs were the best option, significant progress has been made to reduce emissions through improved containment, recovery and recycle.********************************Website visited more than 8,000 timesWorking on plans for a bEQ Training Workshop

*Goals for Standard 90.1-2013, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential BuildingNew targets emphasizing usability, enforceability and constructabilityConsider performance metricsDatacom centers scope being removed from standard, and dedicated energy efficiency standard for datacom being created

Standard 189.1 -a compliance option with International Green Construction Code (IgCC)

Standard 90.2, Energy-Efficient Design of Low-Rise Residential BuildingsA complete revision underway

Standard 188P, Prevention of Legionellosis Associated with Building Water SystemsWill have fourth public review in near future

Standard 202, Commissioning Process for Buildings and Systems, identifies minimum acceptable commissioning process for buildings and systems as described in Guideline 0-2005, The Commissioning Process. Was approved for publication in Denver

*AEDGs--Achieve 30%-50% energy savings over 90.1

IAQ Guide--supports the theme of President Bill Bahnfleth which focuses on making buildings safe and healthy for occupants

*The number one state is Ca not surprising. Texas as number 2???*ASHRAE is partnering with DOE to promote the RTU campaign RTUs cool over 60% of U.S. commercial building floor areaLots of low efficiency 10- to 20-year-old RTUs are in useOlder RTUs can waste from $1000 to $3700 per unit annually, depending on building size and type.Replacement often is only after failure

Timeline: Launched May 2013 ends November 2014

*Standard 189.2 provides minimum requirements for siting, design, construction and plan for operation of high-performance residential buildingsIt willBalance environmental responsibility, resource efficiency, occupant comfort and well being and community sensitivity. Achieve a significant increase in building performance beyond code minimum standardsSpecifically support the use of renewable resources, high performance building envelopes, system commissioning and innovative products and systems

Standard 214P will:provide a standardized approach and methodology for measuring and expressing building energy performance in a rating program standardize the format and label associated with building energy rating programs establish minimum requirements for rating program documentation. Applies to new and existing buildings

Standard 90.4P will establish minimum energy efficiency requirements of data centers and telecommunications buildings fordesign, construction, and a plan for operation and maintenanceutilization of on-site, renewable energy resourcesWill have public advisory review this fall

**This new option is in response to members expressing interest in having an option to choose ASHRAE Handbook Online as their member benefit. Providing the CD along with the online access gives members permanent access to the content.

*New online discussion platform users can post, comment and message others to generate discussion in real-time on topics ranging from design, construction, operation and support of the built environment. Open to ASHRAE members and non-members alike No registration is necessary Volunteer moderators are on duty to ensure proper use of the ASHRAExCHANGE. www.ASHRAExCHANGE.org

*Instantly identify how ASHRAE standards have been revisedIndicates changes made during standards revision process between current standards vs. previous versionsAdditions, deletions, other formatting and content revisions displayed as underlined/strikethrough texts, Saves time and resources in enabling users to easily implement changes to procedures, equipment, products.

**Committee ResponsibilitiesDispense current, relevant local/state/provincial government informationDevelop, provide and maintain tools for chapters, members for positive grassroots governmental interactions Serve as clearinghouse for government adoption of ASHRAE standards, guidelines, positionsGGAC membership to include regional vice chairs supported by chapter chairsImplementation now underway; GGAC took over grassroots government activities role from Chapter Technology Transfer Committee effective July 1

****