Upload
trinhnhu
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Ashok Muzumdar (Editor)
Powered Upper Limb Prostheses
Control.lrnplernentatlonand Clinical Application
-
Ashok Muzumdar (Editor)
MB, BS, FRCPC, FACP, AFCASI, DAAPM, LM
Powered UpperLimb Prostheses
Control, Implementationand Clinical Application
With 154 Figures and 11 Tables
i Springer
Ashok Muzumdar Ottawa, Canada
TSBN 978-3-642-62302-8
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Muzumdar, Ashok, 1940- . Powered upper limb prosthesesl Ashok Muzumdar. p.j cm. Includes bibliographical references andindex.
ISBN 978-3-642-62302-8 ISBN 978-3-642-18812-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-18812-1 l.Arti
ficiallimbs. 2. Myoelectric prosthesis. 3. Prosthesis. 4. Human engineering. 5. Amputees-Rehabilitation. I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Artificial Limbs. 2. Arm. 3. Prosthesis Design. WE 172 M994p 2004] RD756.M892004 617.5'7403-dc22
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
springeronline.com
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004 OriginaIly published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2004
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 2004
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature.
Cover design: E. Kirchner, Heidelberg Product management and layout: B. Wieland, Heidelberg Reproduction and typesetting: AM-production, Wiesloch
21/3150 - 5 4 3 2 1 O Printed on acid-free paper
Powered Upper Limb Prostheses represents, in myview, a concise yet comprehensive book on the subject of myoelectrically controlled externally poweredprostheses for both child and adult upper limb amputees. It is a natural successor to the series of monographs on myoelectric prostheses produced by theInstitute of Biomedical Engineering and publishedby the University of New Brunswick in Canada. TheUNB monographs have been out of print for someyears now. Therefore, this body of work on poweredupper limb prostheses not only fills that void but, inaddition, provides new and updated information onthe many facets of powered prostheses for patientswith upper limb loss or absence.
There are various factors that determine the success of the application, fit and function of a poweredupper limb prosthesis. Selecting the appropriate prescription for any patient, client or user requires theknowledge, experience and skills of a multidisciplinary team of professionals. Expertise for such a specialized amputee clinic team comes from a wide variety of specialities and sub-specialities of health careand engineering.
The flow pattern of the book follows the philosophy of informing the reader of the past, present andfuture of powered upper limb prostheses.The text begins with a historical perspective followed by basicmuscle anatomy and electrophysiology as well as theorigins, acquisition and processing of the myoelectric signal. With the intention of remaining unbiased,analysis is made of the commercially available components for upper extremity prostheses for young
Preface
children, adolescents and adults. The clinical chapters deal with the prevalence, psychosocial issues andoutcomes pertaining to upper limb deficiencies alongwith assessment and prosthetic fitting of paediatricand adult amputees. This is followed by trainingwhich includes the pre- and post-prosthetic phasesand subsequent rehabilitative care. The book reviewsthe current research on the subject and examines thefuture of myoelectric upper extremity prosthetics. Itconcludes with a bibliography which is in addition tothe suggested reading and references provided at theend of the chapters.
While there is general consensus among academics and practitioners on the many aspects of poweredupper limb prostheses in children and adults, in somecentres prevailing philosophy and practices may differ from those outlined in this book by various authors. In order to present a broad spectrum of viewpoints in a balanced manner, this book brings together authors who are experienced practitioners, academics and researchers in the field from Canada,Great Britain and the United States. The bibliographyallows the reader to pursue their own ideas and further their search on specific topics of interest to them.
This book should serve as a foundation for students as well as a resource for professionals in relateddisciplines of engineering and medicine. It is myhope that the confluence of information presented bythe contributing authors of this book will provide theknowledge for those involved in the field of poweredupper limb prosthetics to progress well into the twenty-first century.
Ashok Muzumdar
Disclaimer
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the time of submission for publication, neither the authors nor the editor and publisher can accept any legal responsibilityfor any errors or omissions made in any part of thisbook. The material presented in this volume is not intended to represent the only method or applicationappropriate for the medical situations discussed, butrather is intended to present an approach, viewpoint,statement or opinion of the author or authors, whichmay be helpful to others who encounter similar clinical situations.
The opinions expressed, suggestions made and advice given in this book are those of the respective author or authors and not necessarily those of the editor or the publisher. The publisher and the editormake no warranty, express or implied, with respect toany material contained herein.
Chapter 1
Table of Contents
The Early History of Myoelectric Controlof Prosthetic Limbs (1945-1970) .
Chapter 2 The Origins and Natureof the Myoelectric Signal . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Signals and Signal Processingfor Myoelectric Control . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Commercial Hardware for theImplementation of Myoelectric Control . . 55
Meeting the Clients: An OverviewFocuson Prevalence, Psychosocial Issues,Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Powered Upper Limb ProstheticPractice in Paediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Powered Upper Limb Prostheticsin Adults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Training 147
Chapter 9 Research and the Futureof Myoelectric Prosthetics 175
Chapter 10 A Bibliography on Myoelectric Controlof Upper Limb Prostheses . . . . . . . . . . 191
Index 205
Randall D. Alley BSc, CP, FAAOPClinicalResearchand BusinessDevelopmentUpper Extremity Prosthetic Program, HPO, IncThousand Oakes,California,USA
Robert R. Caldwell Dip E Eng, CETManager,Institute of Bio-Medical EngineeringUniversityof NewBrunswickFredericton,NewBrunswick, Canada
Paul H. Chappell BSc, PhD, CEng, MIEE,MIPEM,ILTMLecturer, MedicalEngineering,Electronicsand Computer ScienceUniversityof SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
Shane Glasford CP(c)Prosthetic and Myoelectric ServicesBloorview MacMillan Children's CentreToronto, Ontario, Canada
David Gow BSc Hons,CEng, SRCSDirector,RehabilitationEngineering Services,Lothian Primary Care NHS TrustEastern General HospitalEdinburgh, Scotland,UK
Hanna Heger BA,OT Reg(Ont)St.John'sRehabilitationHospital andSunnybrook Centre for Independent LivingToronto, Ontario, Canada
Contributing Authors
Winfried Heim CP(c)Prosthetic and Myoelectric ServicesBloorviewMacMillan Children'sCentreToronto, Ontario, Canada
Sheila A. Hubbard BSc PT, OTReg(Ont)Manager,Amputee TeamBloorviewMacMillan Children'sCentreToronto, Ontario, Canada
Peter J. Kyberd BSc, MSc, PhDLecturer,Cybernetics DepartmentUniversityof ReadingWhiteknights, Reading, Berkshire,UK
DennisF. Lovely BSc, PhD,PEngProfessor, Dept.of Electricaland Computing EngineeringUniversityof NewBrunswickFredericton, NewBrunswick,Canada
Linda McLean BSc(PT), MScE, PhDAssistant Professor, PhysicalTherapySchoolof RehabilitationTherapyQueen'sUniversityKingston,Ontario, Canada
Gert Montgomery BScN, MSW, RSWSocialWorker& ProfessionalAdvisorfor SocialWork,Chaplaincy & Creative Arts ServiceBloorviewMacMillan Children'sCentreToronto, Ontario, Canada
Stephen Naumann PhD, PEngDirector, Rehabilitation Engineering DepartmentBloorview MacMillan Children's CentreToronto, Ontario, Canada
Sandra Ramdia l CP(c)Manager, Custom Silicone Services,Otto BockOakville, Ontario, Canada
Robert N. Scott BSc,DSc, PEngProfessor EmeritusDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of New BrunswickFredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
ContributingAuthors
Harold H. Sears BS, MS,PhDGeneral ManagerMotion Control IncSalt Lake City, Utah, USA
Heather Smart BA,Dip Lib, MIInfScInformation Officer, RECAL Information ServicesNational Centre for Training and Educationin Prosthetics and OrthoticsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow, Scotland, UK
Dinah Stocker MEd, BSc OTInstitute of Bio-Medical EngineeringUniversity of New BrunswickFredericton, New Brunswick, Canada