Asexual reproduction: DNA of the offspring is identical to the parent plants DNA

1. Taking cuttings- clipping off and rooting a piece of a shoot.

2. Divisions- Divide a larger plant into smaller sections-plant each section to make new plants. (perennials)

3. Tissue culture- remove the cells at the tip of a shoot-add hormones to develop new plants. (lilies)

4. Bulbs- swelling of leaves or stems at the base of the plant- can be removed and planted. (daffodils)

5. Rhizomes- underground stems- (grasses) the tip surfaces and starts a new plant.

6. Runners- above ground stems (strawberry plants)7. Grafting- cutting off a branch from one plant and fusing

it to another. (fruit trees).

Taking cuttings:

1. Fill tray with mix

2. Remove 1.5 cutting from the tip of a branch.3. Take off leaves up to from the bottom of the

stem.

1. Dip stem end of cutting in rooting hormone.

2. Put one to three cuttings in each cell.

3. When the tray is full- water over the cuttings.

4. Add the tent over the top of the tray.

http://www.pssc.ttu.edu/pss1411cd/IMAGES/special/woodyctt.jpg

Asexual Propagation by Stem or Leaf Cuttings:

http://www.symmetrix.ch/Public/guarana/images/gua30.jpg

http://hibiscus-sinensis.com/images/cutting.jpg

http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~JN7H-OONM/propagaton/cuttings/cuttings07.JPG

Asexual propagation by cuttings:

http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~JN7H-OONM/propagat

http://www.mobot.org/jwcross/duckweed/graphics/rose_propagation.jpg

http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/images/scet_03_img0243.jpg

Examples of pineapples and stem cuttings propagated asexually.

After cuttings are placed in media- they are misted or covered in a tent to keep humidity high (slows the rate of water diffusing out of the leaves and so keeps them from wilting due to water loss).

http://www.healthwayfarms.com/Resources/headingmain.jpeg

http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/C849/SpudHill.jpg

Asexual reproduction:Tubers

http://fdcm.nic.in/7.5.5.gif

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wwwhzpc.ca/images/p_production.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.hzpc.ca/english/production.html&h=113&w=404&sz=22&hl=en&start=167&tbnid=sMHmYEn9lSmLdM:&tbnh=35&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpotato%2Bproduction%26start%3D160%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

Commercial Asexual propagation

B: Harvesting potatoes

A: Greenhouse plant production from cuttings

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wwwhzpc.ca/images/p_production.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.hzpc.ca/english/production.html&h=113&w

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/images/bistrawberries.gif

http://www.visit-islay.com/biology/stg/graphics/plants/runner.gif

http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/16labman05/lb4pg6_files/image002.jpg

AsexualReproduction by stems:

Above ground: StolonsBelow ground: Rhizomes

http://www.life.uiuc.edu/help/digitalflowers/picts/Breeding%20Systems/32-Vegetative.jpg

http://www.life.uiuc.edu/help/digitalflowers/picts

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kalanchoe_veg.jpg/350px-Kalanchoe_veg.jpg

http://scitec.uwichill.edu.bb/bcs/cape/bryo.JPG

Asexual Reproduction by leaves

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/

http://scitec.uwichill.edu.bb/bcs/cape/corm.JPGhttp://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/755/260916.JPG

Asexual reproduction in bulbs (Swollen leaves)- bulbs can be separated to form new plants.

http://www.life.uiuc.edu/help/digitalflowers/picts/Breeding%20Systems/32-Vegetative.jpg

http://www.life.uiuc.edu/help/digitalflowers/p

Storage structures in plants: only the top two are TRUE bulbs- formed from

modified leaves.

http://scitec.uwichill.edu.bb/bcs/cape/bulb.JPG http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B918-figures/B918-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B918.htm&h=590&w=32&sz=104&hl=en&start=76&tbnid=P7rA2WNAa4L2oM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=74&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpropagation%2Bby%2Bbulbs%26start%3D60%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B918-figures/B918-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B918.htm&h=590&w=32&sz=104&hl=en&http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B918-figures/B918-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B918.htm&h=590&w=32&sz=104&hl=en&

http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/Gardeners/f0266.jpg

Horticultural practices: How gardeners make more plants.

Reproduction by division:

http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/755/253383.JPG

http://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profiles0900/images/division.jpg

http://www.necps.org/images/20040508-CP-S.alata-Growing%20Contest%20tissue%20culture%20flasks.jpg

Tissue Culture

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/images/biplantcloning.gif

Tissue Culture: Removing a few cells, putting them on a growing media, adding hormones to stimulate leaf and root growth- then planting them in soil media.Simplified cycle:

Tissue culture-complete cycle:

http://www.jains.com/Tissue/images/tissue1.jpg

Steps in Tissue culture:

http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/tisscult/pltissue/fig5.jpeg

2. Place cells on sterile growing media and let them divide and grow

http://www.liv.ac.uk/~sd21/tisscult/uses.htm&h=635&w=923&sz=126&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=LJjr-Ftb7KlxkM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=147&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPlant%2Btissue%2Bculture%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

1. Remove cells from an area where cell division is occurring

http://www.liv.ac.uk/~sd21/tisscult/uses.htm&h=635&w=923&sz=126&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=LJjr-Ftb7KlxkM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=147&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPlant%2Btissue%2http://www.liv.ac.uk/~sd21/tisscult/uses.htm&h=635&w=923&sz=126&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=LJjr-Ftb7KlxkM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=147&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPlant%2Btissue%2

3. Divide mass of cells (callus), plate them on culture media and apply hormones to stimulate leaf and root development

http://www.nrdcindia.com/images/Tissue%20Culture.gif

4. Move small plants onto a peat-based media for hardening off (getting used to conditions outside the lab).

http://www.terranovanurseries.com/wholesale/images/misc/LABPlantsinTC.jpg

http://schatz.cas.psu.edu/images/XmasTrees.jpg

Tissue culture is done in sterile labs to avoid contamination with disease from virus, bacteria or fungus.

Grafting: adding one type of plant to another.

http://www.danishchurch.vancouver.bc.ca/service/graft.gif

http://www.garden.org/images/App/articles/25a.jpg

Grafting is 1. used to produce most of the fruit trees used in orchards and also those purchased by homeowners.2. Used by the nursery industry as an easy way to produce lots of a specific variety of fruit tree.3. To fix girdling damage

To graft a tree, two parts are necessary:

1. The root stock2. The scion (the twig that will be attached to the root stock).

http://www.extension.umn.edu/yardandgarden/YGLNews/images/scion&rootstock.jpg

http://www.extension.umn.edu/yardandgarden/YGL

http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/images/0532_F13.GIF

To fix damage from girdling (vascular tissue is removed from the tree so water and nutrients can no longer travel from the root to the shoots-so the tree will die unless a bridge graft is successful)

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://oliver.seeto.com/siteimages/grafting/finishedwedge.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.oliverk.org/weblog/archives/000204.html&h=960&w=720&sz=326&hl=en&start=126&tbnid=FTZBAfUj4ZNBhM:&tbnh=148&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3DScion%2Bin%2Bgrafting%26start%3D120%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

http://www.extension.umn.edu/distrihttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://oliver.seeto.com/siteimages/grafting/finishedwedge.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.oliverk.org/weblog/archives/000204.html&h

1. The root stock: a variety chosen for its hardiness and/or its dwarfing ability.(root stocks can actually limit how a tree grows-Homeowners like dwarf trees- it is easier to pick fruit and allows the homeowner to plant multiple trees in a small space.)

http://www.dred.state.nh.us/divisions/forestandlands/bureaus/forestprotection/graphics/clip_image002_034.jpg

http://www.bighorsecreekfarm.com/images/whatwe3.jpg

http://www.dred.state.nh.us/divisions/forestandlands/b

The Scion: The part attached to the root stock-The scion can be a twig, or a bud.

http://asgap.org.au/APOL24/graft.gif

http://www.state.sc.us/forest/7graft.gif

http://pehuen.tripod.com/scionunstoock.jpg

http://www.coenosium.com/march99/cut1d.jpg

Pine scion being attached to a root stock- this can be used to produce lots of clones ofvarieties of ornamental evergreens.

Examples of different types of cuts for grafting:

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.actionvideo.freeserve.co.uk/grafting2.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.actionvideo.freeserve.co.uk/grafting.htm&h=423&w=275&sz=12&hl=en&start=45&tbnid=6_S4GoCOFJfG9M:&tbnh=126&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3DROOT%2BSTOCK%2BIN%2BGRAFTING%26start%3D40%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

http://www.rodsgarden.50megs.com/whip1.JPG

http://www.lapshin.org/cultivar/N30/Hasan/19-step-graft-and-sidegraft.jpg

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.actionvideo.freeserve.co.uk/grafting2.gif&imgrefurl=http:/

Grafting with cactus

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lapshin.org/cultivar/N30/Hasan/19-step-graft-and-sidegraft.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lapshin.org/cultivar/N30/hasan-e.htm&h=393&w=460&sz=34&hl=en&start=87&tbnid=Bl_rtnMT9FVrrM:&tbnh=109&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3DScion%2Bin%2Bgrafting%26start%3D80%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lapshin.org/cultivar/N30/Hasan/19-step-graft-and-sidegraft.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lapshin.org/cultivar/N30/hasan-e

http://www.divinecactus.com/images/adv_g1_vr.jpg

In any type of grafting- to be successful, the vascular tissue (veins) of the root stock and the scion MUST be connected

http://www.srgc.org.uk/nurseryws/200704/Daph%20works%20107.jpg

http://members.cox.net/vacs/Graft-2.gif

After inserting the scion, the graft must be wrapped tightly so the cells from the root and the scion fuse together

http://bonsainurseryman.typepad.com/bonsainurseryman/images/grafttie2.jpg

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.2spi.com/catalog/supp/images/parafilm-grafting.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.2spi.com/catalog/supp/parafilm-grafting.shtml&h=265&w=320&sz=11&hl=en&start=118&tbnid=Jw5FdiMUWKMYzM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3DScion%2Bin%2Bgrafting%26start%3D100%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

http://www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/images/FNR-105.fig6.gif

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.2spi.com/catalog/supp/images/parafilm-grafting.jpg&imgrefurl=http

http://www.knowledgeofbonsai.org/grafting/images/grafting/pinusgraft.jpg

http://www.appleluscious.com/images/graftwt.jpg

http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/757/426145.JPG

http://www.umext.maine.edu/onlinepubs/htmpubs/images/plnttree.gif

Find where the graft was on these trees:

http://www.life.uiuc.edu/help/digitalflowers/picts/Breeding%20Systems/33-runners.jpg

Name the type of asexual reproduction:

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/hort400/4tutos/391950.jpg&imgrefurl=http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/hort400/4tutos/cutpro5.html&h=338&w=469&sz=75&hl=en&start=140&tbnid=KVtHJlmCGfIvDM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpropagation%2Bby%2Bcuttings%26start%3D120%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

A B

CSlide 1

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/hort400/4tutos/391950.jpg&imgrefurl=http://instruct1

http://www2.ville.montreal.qc.ca/jardin/images/feuillets/calendrier_horticole/diviser_vivaces_ls.jpg

http://www.gemination.com/Images/TissueCultureGroup.jpg

A B

CD

Slide 2

http://www.perennialresource.com/image/Dividing_Perennials.jpg

http://www.fuchsiaclark.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/two_types_cuttings.jpg

AB

CD

Slide 3

http://www.fuchsiaclark.pwp.bluey/

http://www.necps.org/images/20040508-NECPS-CP-Ken%20Uhnak's%20Tissue%20Culture%20efforts-propagation%20in%20vitro.jpg

http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/gif/ag396-7.gif

Slide 4

A

B

C

http://www.necps.org/images/20040508-NECPS-CP-Ken Uhnak's Tissue Cultur

Asexual reproSlide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Slide Number 29Slide Number 30Slide Number 31Slide Number 32Slide Number 33Slide Number 34Slide Number 35Slide Number 36