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Asexual Reproduction. Definition of Reproduction. The process by which living organisms produce new organisms of their own kind. Two types of Reproduction. Sexual Asexual. Asexual Reproduction. A single parent produces an identical offspring - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Asexual Reproduction
Definition of Reproduction
The process by which living organisms produce new organisms of their own kind
Two types of Reproduction
SexualAsexual
Asexual ReproductionA single parent produces an identical
offspringSame hereditary information (genes) in
the offspring as in the parentSame traits generation after generationProcess happens quickly and produces
large number of offspring
Concerns
Limited genetic variation (they are all the same) makes the organism more susceptible to mass extinction
Rapid growth may be limited by the food, water, space, etc. which may lead to death of organisms
Seven Types of Asexual Reproduction
1. Mitosis2. Binary fission3. Budding4. Spores5. Regeneration6. Vegetative propagation7. Cloning
Mitosis (#1)
Produces body cells in animals and plants
Process studied in 7th GradeCells produce an identical cell with the
same functionhttp://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
Mitosis Video
Binary Fission (#2)
Simplest form Parent cell divides
into two equal parts Example : bacteria
www.DennisKunkel.com
Amoeba
Another Example of binary fissionLive in fresh water
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/moviegallery/pondscum/protozoa/amoeba/t1/amoeba01.htm
Amoeba engulfing (eating) food 40x
Movement
Binary Fission Video
ParameciumMany swimmersOral groove (mouth)Cilia for propulsion
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/moviegallery/pondscum/protozoa/paramecium/index.html
Budding (#3) New individual
”grows” off parent organism
New offspring may break off or remain attached
Examples : yeast, hydra, sponges
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/moviegallery/pondscum/coelenterata/hydra/index.html
Spores (#4)
Specialized cell similar to a seed
Thick, tough outer covering
Example: fungi
Regeneration (5)Ability to re-grow lost body partsExamples : starfish, planarian,
earthworms
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/darkfield/planaria.html
Vegetative Propagation (#6)
Growing new plants from:
roots – sweet potato
stems – philodendron
leaves – african violet
Grafting Combining the roots of one plant with the
stem of another Grapes : tough wild roots + seedless (yummy)
stems Roses : tough wild roots + pretty stems 5 in 1 apple trees : roots of one tree + 5 varieties
of http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/propagation/graf
tingmovies/index.html
Cloning (#7)The process of:
Scientifically-engineered reproductive technology
Removes nucleus from an egg cell Replaces it with the nucleus from a body
cell of another organism Zaps it with electricity Divides and develops into new embryo
Remove nucleus
Host Organism Sex Cell (egg)
Haploid = 1/2 chromosomes of the body
cellHuman = 23
chromosomes
Replace nucleus
Replace with a body cell nucleus
of donorblood, skin, muscle
cell* Diploid Cell
46 chromosomes
Zap with electricity
Wait 7 Days
*7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1
Place in the uterus of the host organism
9 months
*Not genetically like host
organism*Exact genetic copy of donor
cell
Offspring
CloningProcess ensures the new plant/animal
is an exact copy of the donor cell
http://www.guardian.co.uk/gall/0,8542,627251,00.html
Pictures of Cloned Animalshttp://www.guardian.co.uk/gall/
0,8542,627251,00.html
Dolly Video