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Thisdocumentiscopyrighted©bytheAAFSStandardsBoard,LLC.2018Allrightsarereserved.410North21stStreet,ColoradoSprings,CO80904,asb.aafs.org.
ASBGuide001Updated,2018
ASBManualforStandards,BestPracticeRecommendations,andTechnicalReports
ASBGuide001,Updated,2018
ASBManualforStandards,BestPracticeRecommendations,andTechnicalReports
ApprovedbytheAcademyStandardsBoardforusebytheAAFSStandardsBoard,LLC.March2016
UpdatedandapprovedMarch2018
410North21stStreet
ColoradoSprings,CO80904
Thisdocumentmaybedownloadedforfreeat:http://asb.aafs.org/
ThisdocumentisprovidedbytheAAFSStandardsBoardforfree.Youarepermittedtoprintanddownloadthedocumentandextractsfromthedocumentforyourownuse,providedthat:
youdonotmodifythisdocumentoritsrelatedgraphicsinanyway; youdonotuseanyillustrationsoranygraphicsseparatelyfromanyaccompanyingtext;and, youincludeanacknowledgementalongsidethecopiedmaterialnotingtheAAFSStandardsBoard
asthecopyrightholderandpublisher.Youexpresslyagreenottoreproduce,duplicate,copy,sell,resell,orexploitforanycommercialpurposes,thisdocumentoranyportionofit.Youmaycreateahyperlinktohttp://asb.aafs.orgtoallowpersonstodownloadtheirindividual,freecopyofthisdocument.YourhyperlinkmustnotportrayAAFS,theAAFSStandardsBoard,thisdocument,ouragents,associatesandaffiliatesinanoffensivemanner,orbemisleadingorfalse.Youmaynotuseourtrademarksaspartofyourlinkwithoutourwrittenagreementforyoutodoso.
TheAAFSStandardsBoardretainsthesolerighttosubmitthisdocumenttoanyotherforumforanypurpose.
Certaincommercialentities,equipmentormaterialsmaybeidentifiedinthisdocumenttodescribeaprocedureorconceptadequately.SuchidentificationisnotintendedtoimplyrecommendationsorendorsementbytheAAFSortheAAFSStandardsBoard,norisitintendedtoimplythattheentities,materials,orequipmentarenecessarilythebestavailableforthepurpose.
Thisdocumentiscopyrighted©bytheAAFSStandardsBoard,LLC.2018Allrightsarereserved.410North21stStreet,ColoradoSprings,CO80904,asb.aafs.org.
ASBGuide001,Updated,2018
Foreword
TheAAFShasestablishedanorganizationdedicatedtodevelopingdocumentarystandardsforforensics.ThedocumentisintendedtoassisttheconsensusbodiesandworkinggroupsindraftingdocumentstobepublishedbytheAAFSStandardsBoard.
Allhyperlinksandwebaddressesshowninthisdocumentarecurrentasthepublicationdateofthisstandard.
Keywords:Style,editing,layout,requirements,patents,standards,technicalreports,bestpracticerecommendations
ASBGuide001,Updated,2018
TableofContents
1 Preface...............................................................................................................................................................................1
2 GeneralGuidance..........................................................................................................................................................1
3 DocumentLayoutforStandards.............................................................................................................................23.1 General..............................................................................................................................................................................23.2 CoverPage.......................................................................................................................................................................23.3 TitlePage..........................................................................................................................................................................23.4 Foreword..........................................................................................................................................................................33.5 TableofContents..........................................................................................................................................................33.6 Scope(Section1)..........................................................................................................................................................33.7 NormativeReferences(Section2).........................................................................................................................33.8 TermsandDefinitions(Section3).........................................................................................................................4
4 RequirementsfortheStandard..............................................................................................................................6
5 Annexes.............................................................................................................................................................................6
6 FiguresandTables.......................................................................................................................................................6
AnnexA(informative)ExpressionofProvisions........................................................................................................7
AnnexB(informative)PatentsandCopyrights...........................................................................................................9
AnnexC(informative)Numbers,UnitsofMeasurement,andEquations......................................................12
AnnexD(informative)SampleFormatforanASBDocument...........................................................................14
AnnexE(informative)Bibliography.............................................................................................................................17
TablesA.1 VerbalFormstoExpressRequirements.............................................................................................................7A.2 VerbalFormstoExpressRecommendations....................................................................................................8A.3 VerbalFormstoExpressPermission...................................................................................................................8A.4 VerbalFormstoExpressPossibilityandCapability......................................................................................8
ASBGuide001,Updated,2018
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ASBManualforStandards,BestPracticeRecommendations,andTechnicalReports
1 Preface
ThismanualwasdevelopedtoprovideguidanceforpreparingdocumentsthatwillbepublishedbytheAAFSStandardsBoard.
ThisManualdrawsheavilyuponthefollowingsources:
ANSIStyleGuide‐Sheet‐20031
HowtoWriteStandards,InternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)2
RecommendedPracticefortheDesignationandOrganizationofStandards,ANSI/SES1:2013,TheSocietyforStandardsProfessionals(SES)3
Eachstandard(Std),technicalreport(TR)andbestpracticerecommendation(BPR)byconsensusbodiesoftheAAFSStandardsBoardshallconformtothismanual.Thepurposeistoensureconsistencyinformat,andtomaximizeusabilityofthedocuments.WhendeviancefromthismanualisrecommendedbyadraftingworkinggroupofaconsensusbodythatconsensusbodyshallasktheSecretariatforpermissionandsuchdeviationshallbenotedintheForewordtothedocument.
2 GeneralGuidance
ThefollowingpointsshouldbeobservedwhenwritinganASBdocument.
1) ASBencouragestheuseofplainlanguage,totheextentpossible,initspublications.Itisrecognizedthatsomeveryspecializedterminologymaybenecessary,butsuchterminologyshouldbekepttoaminimum.
2) Theactivevoiceshouldbeusedinsentences.
3) Sentencesshouldbeshortandunambiguous.
4) Anytextcopiedfromanotherdocumentshallbefullyreferencedinafootnote.Thenameofthereferenceddocumentshallbeinitalics.
5) AsANSIstates:“Thecorrectverbformforindicatingarequirementis“shall.”Thecorrectverbformforindicatingarecommendationis“should”.Universallyaccepted“standardese”doesnotrecognize“must”.Use“shall”forindicatingamandatoryaspectoranaspectonwhichthereis
1TheANSIStyleGuide‐Sheet‐2003isavailablebyrequestfromANSI,25West43rdStreet,4thfloorNewYork,NY10036.www.ansi.org.2HowtoWriteStandardsisavailableforfreeatwww.iso.org/iso/how‐to‐write‐standards.pdf3RecommendedPracticefortheDesignationandOrganizationofStandards,ANSI/SES1:2013isavailableforafeeatwww.ses‐standards.org
ASBGuide001,Updated,2018
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nooption.4Negativeformsare“shallnot”and“shouldnot”.“May”and“neednot”indicateacourseofactionthatispermissible.
6) Sincethedocumentswillbeavailableelectronically,cross‐referenceswithinthedocumentshallbehyperlinked.Externalhyperlinksarealsopermissible.
7) AsANSIstates:“Makesureallstandardsonwhichthedocumentiscontingentarefullyandcorrectlylisted,withavailabilityfootnotes,wherenecessary.AnydocumentcitedinthestandardasbeingindispensablefortheapplicationofthestandardneedstobelistedinNormativeReferences.Informativereferences‐thoseforinformationonly,orforuseasbackgroundreading‐aretobelistedinaBibliography.4”
8) Thedocumentshouldhaveconsistentuseofterms.Forexample,theeditorshouldensurethateither‘palmprint’or‘palmprint’isusedthroughoutthedocument.
9) Acronymsshallbedefinedatfirstuseandshallappearinthesectionofthedocument“TermsandDefinitions”(SeeSection3.8).
10) Sectionsofthemainbodyofthestandardshallbedesignatedbyanumber.Subsectionsofthemainbodyofthestandardshallbedesignatedbyanumber,period,andanothernumber,repeatingasnecessarytoindicatethelevelofthesubsection.(Examplesare3.and3.1and3.1.8)Annexesshallbedesignatedbylettersandannexsectionsandsubsectionsshallbedesignatedbythatletterfollowedbyaperiodandasequenceofnumbersandperiodsdesignatingthelevel(s)ofthesubsection.(ExamplesareA.2andA.2.5andA.5.7.3)
3 DocumentLayoutforStandards
3.1 General
ThissectiondescribesthegeneralformatthatisusedforASBstandards.Deviationsfromthislayoutarepossible,butneedpriorapprovaloftheSecretariat.
3.2 CoverPage
ThecoverpageshallcontaintheASBnumericaldesignationforthestandardintheupperrightcorner.TheTitleshallbecenteredonthelinebelowtheASBnumericaldesignation.
TheANSIlogoshallnotappearonthedraftcopiesofthestandard,butshallbeaddedafterapprovalofthestandardbybothASBandANSI.
3.3 TitlePage
Thetitlepageimmediatelyfollowsthecoverpage.Likethecoverpage,itcontainstheASBnumericaldesignationofthestandardontheupperrightcornerofthepageandthecenteredtitlebelowit.
ThisisfollowedbytheASBandANSI(ifanANS)approvaldates.
4TheANSIStyleGuide‐Sheet‐2003isavailablebyrequestfromANSI,25West43rdStreet,4thfloorNewYork,NY10036.www.ansi.org.
ASBGuide001,Updated,2018
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TheASBlogo,printednameandaddressshallbeonthetitlepage.
Thefollowingshallappear:“Thisdocumentmaybedownloadedforfreeat:http://asb.aafs.org/.
ThecopyrightstatementinSectionB.3shallalsoappearontheTitlepage.
3.4 Foreword
TheForewordshouldgenerallydescribethedocumentandhowitoriginated.
TheForewordmayalsoincludethescientificand/oroperationalunderpinningsfortherequirementslaidoutinthestandardorbestpracticerecommendation.Whenwritingthissection,theauthorsshouldkeepinmindthatthisneednotbeafullscientifictreatise,butratherageneraloverviewoftheprinciples.
Eachrevisionofthestandardshallincludeasummaryofthesubstantivechangestothepreviousedition.
Keywordsshallappearatthebottomofthepage.
3.5 TableofContents
TheTableofContentsshallincludeallofthesectionheaders,annexes,figures,andtables.Eachentryshallincludethepagenumber.Itisrecommendedthatthisbeautomaticallygeneratedbythewordprocessor.
3.6 Scope(Section1)
TheScopebeginswithaparagraphdescribingingeneraltermsthetypesofapplicationstargetedbythestandard.Asappropriatethescopealsoindicateswhatprocessesorapplicationsarenotcovered.Theparagraphmaydefinethetargetaudience.
TheScopeisintendedtobebriefandconciseandshallbeidenticaltotheScopesubmittedintheNewWorkProposal.
3.7 NormativeReferences(Section2)
Normativereferencesaredocumentsthatareindispensablefortheapplicationofthestandard.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.Normativereferencesshallbecitedatleastonceinthebodyofthestandard.
Thelistshallbeinalphabeticalorderofthedesignation(e.g.,ANSI/INCITS398)ornameoftheproducingorganizationorauthor,ifthereisnostandarddesignation(e.g.,AmericanBoardofForensicOdontology).Immediatelyfollowingisthenameofthedocumentinitalics.Informationabouthowtoobtainacopyofthedocumentshouldbeincluded,ifknown.
Sampleentriesare:
AmericanBoardofForensicOdontology,DiplomatesReferenceManual.Itisavailableathttp://www.abfo.org/resources/abfo‐manual/
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ANSI/NIST‐ITL1‐2011Update:2015,NISTSpecialPublication500‐271V3,DataFormatfortheInterchangeofFingerprint,FacialandOtherBiometricInformation.Itisavailableathttp://www.nist.gov/itl/iad/ig/ansi_standard.cfm
3.8 TermsandDefinitions(Section3)
Anyacronymsorspecializedterminologyusedinthebodyofthestandardshallbelistedinthissection.Theyshallbenumberedandinalphabeticalorder,withspecialcharactersappearingfirst.Ifspecializedterminologyisusedinadefinition,thatterminologyshallhaveadefinitioninthissectionandthetermshallbeinboldletters.
Forpurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingdefinitionsandacronymsapply.
3.9.1BestPracticeRecommendationBPRAbestpracticeisamethodortechniquethathasbeengenerallyacceptedassuperiortoanyalternativesbecauseitproducesresultsthataresuperiortothoseachievedbyothermeansorbecauseithasbecomeacommonlypreferredwayofdoingthings,e.g.,apreferredwayofcomplyingwithlegalorethicalrequirements.ASBBPRsaredevelopedwiththesameconsensusprocessasASBStandards.
3.9.2canUsedforstatementsofpossibilityorcapability(seeAnnexAforadditionalinformation).
3.9.3conditionalElementthepresenceofwhichinadocumentisdependentontheprovisionsoftheparticulardocument.
3.9.4 informativeElementthatidentifiesthedocument,introducesitscontentandexplainsitsbackground,itsdevelopment,anditsrelationshipwithotherdocuments.
Elementthatprovidesadditionalinformationintendedtoassisttheunderstandingoruseofthedocument.
3.9.5mandatoryElementthepresenceofwhichinadocumentisobligatory.
3.9.6mayUsedtoindicatethataprovisionisoptional(seeAnnexAforadditionalinformation).
3.9.7neednotUsedtoindicatethataprovisionisnotrequired(seeAnnexAforadditionalinformation).
ASBGuide001,Updated,2018
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3.9.8normativeElementthatisrequiredfortheimplementationofthedocument.
3.9.9optionalElementthatisnotrequiredfortheimplementationofthedocument.
3.9.10recommendationExpressioninthecontentofadocumentconveyingthatamongseveralpossibilitiesoneisrecommendedasparticularlysuitable,withoutmentioningorexcludingothers,orthatacertaincourseofactionispreferredbutnotnecessarilyrequired,orthat(inthenegativeform)acertainpossibilityorcourseofactionisdeprecatedbutnotprohibited
3.9.11requirementExpressioninthecontentofadocumentconveyingcriteriatobefulfilledifcompliancewiththedocumentistobeclaimedandfromwhichnodeviationispermitted.
3.9.12shallUsedtoindicatethataprovisionismandatory(seeAnnexAforadditionalinformation).
3.9.13shouldUsedtoindicatethataprovisionisnotmandatory,butrecommendedasgoodpractice(seeAnnexAforadditionalinformation).
3.9.14StandardStdDocument,establishedbyconsensusandapprovedbyarecognizedbody,thatprovides,forcommonandrepeateduse,rules,guidelines,orcharacteristicsforactivitiesortheirresults,aimedattheachievementoftheoptimumdegreeoforderinagivencontext.
3.9.15TechnicalReportTRATRdiffersfromastandardinthatitdoesnotsetrequirements,itisanexplanatoryorinformationaldocument.ATRmaybeusedtodescribethescientificandoperationalunderpinningsofastandard,ortoexploreindustryareasthatarestillundergoingresearch,orbeatermsanddefinitionsdocument.
3.9.16statementExpressioninthecontentofadocumentconveyinginformation.
ASBGuide001,Updated,2018
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4 RequirementsSectionoftheStandard
Thisisthe‘core’ofthestandard.Theexactlayoutandtitleoftherequirementswillvarybystandard,dependinguponthetopicbeingaddressed.Theremaybeseveralsectionsorsubsectionsinthedocumentaddressingtherequirements.TheremayalsobesectionsfollowingtheRequirements,suchasEquipment,orSafety.
Thecontentsshouldbeorganizedinacoherent,topic‐orientedmanner.Allrequirementsrelatingtoaprocess,procedure,analysis,etc.,shouldbegroupedtogether.Itispossibletohavevariousconfigurationsof‘should’,‘shall’,‘may’,‘shouldnot’,‘shallnot’and‘neednot’statements.
5 Annexes
Annexescontainsupplementalinformationandshallbelabeledas‘normative’or‘informative’.Anexampleofaninformativeannexcouldbeadescriptionofparticularcaseexamples,toillustratehowtheprinciplesofthedocumentwereapplied.Anexampleofanormativeannex,forexample,couldbedetailedinformationconcerningthesetupofparticularequipmentnecessarytoperformthetaskscontainedintherequirementssection.Eachannexshallbereferencedinthebodyofthedocument.
ABibliographyisrequiredforalldocumentswithanyinformativelyreferenceddocuments.AllreferencesincludedinthetextshallbelistedinthebibliographyorinSection2–NormativeReferences.NormativereferencesarerequiredforimplementationoftheStandard.
TheformatofreferencesfollowstheformatoftheModernLanguageAssociation(MLA).Seehttps://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/24/
6 FiguresandTables
Figuresandtablesshallbecalledoutinthedocumentandshouldbelocatedasclosetothecalloutaspossible.Figuresandtablesshallbedesignated“Table”or“Figure”andnumberedconsecutivelywithArabicnumerals,beginningwith1(e.g.,Table1,Table2,Figure1,Figure2).
Figureandtablesincludedinannexesshallincludetheidentifyingletteroftheannexinwhichtheyappear(e.g.,FigureA.1,TableB.1).
ASBGuide001,Updated,2018
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AnnexA(informative)
ExpressionofProvisions
A.1 Requirements
TableA.1summarizestheverbalformsofexpressionthatshallbeusedtoindicaterequirementstobefollowedinordertoconformtothedocumentandfromwhichnodeviationispermitted.
TableA.1—VerbalFormstoExpressRequirements
VerbalForm EquivalentExpressionsforUseinExceptionalCasesa
shallb istoisrequiredtoitisrequiredthathastoonly...ispermitteditisnecessary
shallnot isnotallowed(permitted)(acceptable)(permissible)isrequiredtobenotisrequiredthat...benotisnottobe
NOTE1Donotuse“may”when“can”ismeant.NOTE2Donotuse“maynot”when“shallnot”ismeant.NOTE3SeeISO/IECDirectives,Part2,AnnexGfornegativesoftheseverbalformsandfurtherexplanation.
aTheequivalentexpressionsgiventhesecondcolumnshallbeusedonlyinexceptionalcaseswhentheformgiveninthefirstcolumncannotbeusedforlinguisticreasons.bDonotuse“must”asanalternativefor“shall”(thiswillavoidanyconfusionbetweentherequirementsofadocumentandjurisdictionalregulatoryobligations).
Avoidusingvagueexpressionsthatarenottrulyinformativeandmightcausethereadertomakeanincorrect judgment call. Words like “very,” “all,” “every,” “never,” “excessive,” “slightly,”“approximately,”“nearly,”or“significant”arenotuseful.
A.2 Recommendations
TableA.2summarizestheverbalformsthatshallbeusedtoindicate:
a) that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, withoutmentioningorexcludingtheothers;
b) orthatacertaincourseofactionispreferredbutnotnecessarilyrequired;
c) or that (in thenegative form)a certainpossibilityor courseof action is discouragedbutnotprohibited.
ASBGuide001,Updated,2018
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TableA.2—VerbalFormstoExpressRecommendations
VerbalForm EquivalentExpressionsforUseinExceptionalCasesa
should itisrecommendedthatoughtto
shouldnot itisnotrecommendedthatoughtnottoaTheequivalentexpressionsgiventhesecondcolumnshallbeusedonlyinexceptionalcaseswhentheformgiveninthefirstcolumncannotbeusedforlinguisticreasons.
A.3 Permission
TableA.3summarizestheverbalformsthatshallbeusedtoindicateacourseofactionpermissiblewithinthelimitsofthedocument.
TableA.3—VerbalFormstoExpressPermission
VerbalForm EquivalentExpressionsforUseinExceptionalCasesa
may ispermittedtoisallowedispermissible
neednot itisnotrequiredthatno...isrequired
Donotuse“possible”or“impossible”inthiscontext.Donotuse“can”insteadof“may”inthiscontext.
NOTE“May”signifiespermissionexpressedbythedocument,whereas“can”referstotheabilityofauserofthedocumentortoapossibilityopentohim/her.aTheequivalentexpressionsgiventhesecondcolumnshallbeusedonlyinexceptionalcaseswhentheformgiveninthefirstcolumncannotbeusedforlinguisticreasons.
A.4 PossibilityandCapability
TableA.4summarizestheverbalformsthatshallbeusedforstatementsofpossibilityandcapability,whethermaterial,physical,orcausal.
TableA.4—VerbalFormstoExpressPossibilityandCapability
VerbalForm EquivalentExpressionsforUseinExceptionalCasesa
can beabletothereisapossibilityofitispossibleto
cannot beunabletothereisnopossibilityofitisnotpossibleto
NOTESeeNoteinTableA.3.aTheequivalentexpressionsgiventhesecondcolumnshallbeusedonlyinexceptionalcaseswhentheformgiveninthefirstcolumncannotbeusedforlinguisticreasons.
ASBGuide001,Updated,2018
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AnnexB(informative)
PatentsandCopyrights
B.1 General
Participantsshallnotprovideanydocuments,data,orinformationiftheuseofsuchmaterialbytheASBinadocumentwouldinfringeupontherightsofanythirdpartiesintheinformationincluding,butnotlimitedto,copyrights,patents,tradesecrets,trademarks,publicity,andprivacy.ParticipantsshallnotifyASBstaffifaparticipantdeterminesthatanyinformationthatiscontainedinafinalordraftdocumentwouldviolatetherightsofthirdpartiesifpublishedbytheASB.
B.2 Patents
TheASBcomplieswiththePatentPolicyintheANSIEssentialRequirements‐2016.ThesubsectionsofSectionB.2aremodifiedfromthisdocumenttoreferspecificallytotheASB.
B.2.1InclusionofPatentsinAmericanNationalStandards
ThereisnoobjectioninprincipletodraftinganAmericanNationalStandard(ANS)intermsthat include the use of an essential patent claim (one whose use would be required forcompliancewiththatstandard)ifitisconsideredthattechnicalreasonsjustifythisapproach.
ParticipantsinANSI/ASBstandardsdevelopmentprocessareencouragedtobringpatentswithclaimsbelievedtobeessentialtotheattentionoftheASB.
IfASBreceivesanoticethataproposedANSoranapprovedANSmayrequiretheuseofsuchapatentclaim,thefollowingproceduresshallbefollowed.
B.2.2Statementfrompatentholder
TheASBshallreceivefromthepatentholderorapartyauthorizedtomakeassurancesonitsbehalf,inwrittenorelectronicform,either:
a) assuranceintheformofageneraldisclaimertotheeffectthatsuchpartydoesnotholdanddoesnotcurrentlyintendholdinganyessentialpatentclaim(s);or
b) assurance that a license to such essential patent claim(s) will be made available toapplicantsdesiringtoutilizethelicenseforthepurposeofimplementingthestandardeither:
i) under reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfairdiscrimination;or
ii) without compensation and under reasonable terms and conditions that aredemonstrablyfreeofanyunfairdiscrimination.
Such assurance shall indicate that the patent holder (or third party authorized to makeassurancesonitsbehalf)will includeinanydocumentstransferringownershipofpatents
ASBGuide001,Updated,2018
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subject to the assurance, provisions sufficient to ensure that the commitments in theassurance are binding on the transferee, and that the transferee will similarly includeappropriate provisions in the event of future transfers with the goal of binding eachsuccessor‐in‐interest.
Theassuranceshallalsoindicatethatitisintendedtobebindingonsuccessors‐in‐interestregardlessofwhethersuchprovisionsareincludedintherelevanttransferdocuments.
B.2.3Recordofstatement
Arecordofthepatentholder’sstatementshallberetainedinthefilesofboththeASBandANSI.
B.2.3Notice
When theASBreceives fromapatentholder theassurance set forth inB.2.2.babove, thestandardshallincludeanotesubstantiallyasfollows:
NOTE–Theuser’sattentioniscalledtothepossibilitythatcompliancewiththisstandardmayrequireuseofaninventioncoveredbypatentrights.
Bypublicationofthisstandard,nopositionistakenwithrespecttothevalidityofanysuchclaim(s)orofanypatentrightsinconnectiontherewith.Ifapatentholderhasfileda statement of willingness to grant a license under these rights on reasonable andnondiscriminatorytermsandconditionstoapplicantsdesiringtoobtainsuchalicense,thendetailsmaybeobtainedfromthestandardsdeveloper.
3.1.4Responsibilityforidentifyingpatents
NeithertheASBnorANSIisresponsibleforidentifyingpatentsforwhichalicensemayberequiredbyanAmericanNationalStandardorforconductinginquiriesintothelegalvalidityorscopeofthosepatentsthatarebroughttotheirattention.
B.3 Copyrights
All ASB documents are protected by a variety of federal and state copyright laws, the followingdisclaimershallappearonallASBpublishedanddraftdocuments:
ThisdocumentisprovidedbytheAAFSStandardsBoardforfree.Youarepermittedtoprintanddownloadthedocumentandextractsfromthedocumentforyourownuse,providedthat:
youdonotmodifythisdocumentoritsrelatedgraphicsinanyway; youdonotuseanyillustrationsoranygraphicsseparatelyfromanyaccompanyingtext;and, youincludeanacknowledgementalongsidethecopiedmaterialnotingtheAAFSStandardsBoard
asthecopyrightholderandpublisher.
Youexpresslyagreenottoreproduce,duplicate,copy,sell,resell,orexploitforanycommercialpurposes,thisdocumentoranyportionofit.Youmaycreateahyperlinktohttp://asb.aafs.orgtoallowpersonstodownloadtheirindividual,freecopyofthisdocument.YourhyperlinkmustnotportrayAAFS,theAAFSStandardsBoard,thisdocument,ouragents,associatesandaffiliatesinanoffensivemanner,orbemisleadingorfalse.Youmaynotuseourtrademarksaspartofyourlinkwithoutourwrittenagreementforyoutodoso.
ASBGuide001,Updated,2018
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TheAAFSStandardsBoardretainsthesolerighttosubmitthisdocumenttoanyotherforumforanypurpose.
Certaincommercialentities,equipmentormaterialsmaybeidentifiedinthisdocumenttodescribeaprocedureorconceptadequately.SuchidentificationisnotintendedtoimplyrecommendationsorendorsementbytheAAFSortheAAFSStandardsBoard,norisitintendedtoimplythattheentities,materials,orequipmentarenecessarilythebestavailableforthepurpose.
ThefollowingstatementshallappearatthebottomoftheCoverpageandtheTitlepage:
Thisdocumentiscopyrighted©bytheAAFSStandardsBoard,LLC.YEARAllrightsarereserved.410North21stStreet,ColoradoSprings,CO80904,asb.aafs.org.
Unless expressly agreed otherwise by the ASB, allmaterial and information that is provided byparticipantsandisincorporatedintoanASBdocumentisconsideredthesoleandexclusivepropertyoftheAAFSStandardsBoard.
IndividualsshallnotcopyordistributedraftdocumentswithouttheauthorizationoftheASBstaff.
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AnnexC(informative)
Numbers,UnitsofMeasurement,andEquations
C.1 UseofNumbers
Thefollowingaregeneralguidelinesfortheuseofnumbersintext.
Spell out numbers that are less than 10, not precise measurements, and not grouped withnumbersover10(eighttrials,FirstEdition).
Usenumeralsfornumbers10andabove,ornumbersunder10groupedwithnumbers10andabove(e.g.,from6to12cupsofwater,20thEdition).
Usenumeralsforexactstatisticalmeasures,scores,samplesizes,andsums(multipliedby3,or5%ofthesample).
UsecombinationsofwrittenandArabicnumeralsforback‐to‐backnumbers(five4‐pointscales).
Usecombinationsofnumeralsandwrittennumbersforlargesums(over6millionpeople).
Useacommainnumbersthatare≥10,000(7000items,11,200units).
Usethepercentsymbol(%)onlywithfigures(6%),notwithwrittennumbers(sixpercent).
Donotuseperiodswithinmeasurements(lb,ft,s)exceptinches(in.).
C.2 UnitsofMeasurement
InrecognitionofbroaduseandapplicabilityofASBstandards,measuredandcalculatedvaluesmaybeexpressed inmetricunits(SI)andU.S.customaryunits(USC).Whencitingunits indualunits,eitherunitmaybelistedfirstwiththecorrespondingunitlistedeitherinparenthesesinthetextoron separate, tables, figures, datasheets or in separate annexes. Units shall be listed consistentlywithinadocument.
C.3 Equations
Equationsshouldbenumberedwhentwoormoreareincludedinthemaintextofthedocument.DesignateequationswithconsecutiveArabicnumbersbeginningwith1.Numbereachequationintheorderthatitappearsinthestandard,regardlessofthesectionnumberinwhichitisreferenced.Designateequationsinannexesbythedesignationoftheannexfollowedbyconsecutivenumbersbeginningwith1(forexample,A.1,B.4).
Theformatforanumberedequationis:
(1)
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where:
S =stress,psiorPa,
M =bendingmoment,lbf•in.orN•m,
c =distancefromneutralaxistooutermostfiber,in.,orm,and
I =secondmomentofarea,in.4orm4.
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AnnexD(informative)
SampleFormatforanASBDocument
1 Scope
ThismanualwasdevelopedtoprovideguidanceforpreparingdocumentsthatwillbepublishedbytheAAFSStandardsBoard(ASB)andpotentiallysubmittedtotheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI).
2 NormativeReferences
Thefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheapplicationofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.
ANSIStyleGuide‐Sheet‐20035
HowtoWriteStandards,InternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)6
ANSI/SES1:2013,RecommendedPracticefortheDesignationandOrganizationofStandards,TheSocietyforStandardsProfessionals(SES)7
3 TermsandDefinitions
Forpurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingdefinitionsandacronymsapply.
3.1termDefinition.
3.2termacronymDefinition.
4 Level1Heading[Cambriafont,12pt,bold,12ptspacebelow]
4.1 Level2additionalHeading[Cambriafont,11pt,bold,12ptspacebelow]
Documenttext[Cambriafont,11pt,12ptspacebelow].
5TheANSIStyleGuide‐Sheet‐2003isavailablebyrequestfromANSI,25West43rdStreet,4thfloorNewYork,NY10036.www.ansi.org.6HowtoWriteStandardsisavailableforfreeatwww.iso.org/iso/how‐to‐write‐standards.pdf7ANSI/SES1:2013,RecommendedPracticefortheDesignationandOrganizationofStandardsisavailableforafeeatwww.ses‐standards.org
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a) Firstleveloflistsarealphabetical,consistentfontwithtextleadingintothelist.
b) Listsarealsoseparatedbya12ptspacebeloweachitem.
i) SecondleveloflistsareRomannumerals,fontandspacingconsistentwiththelead‐inlist.
NOTE[Cambriafont,10pt]
EXAMPLE[Cambriafont,11pt].
CAUTION[Cambriafont,11pt,bold].
5 Tables
Tablesshallbecalledoutinthetext,andshallbenumberedsequentiallythroughthedocument.Tablesinannexesshallbenumberedsequentiallythrougheachannexwiththeannexletterastheprefixtothetablenumber.
Table1–TableTitle[Cambriafont,11pt,bold,centered,abovethetable]
TableHeaderRow [Cambriafont,10pt,bold]
Tablecontent [Cambriafont,10pt,centeredifappropriate,alltablecontenthas2
ptaboveandbelow]
Tablenotesorfootnotes[Cambriafont,9pt]
6 Figures
Figuresshallbecalledoutinthetext,andshallbenumberedsequentiallythroughthedocument.Figuresinannexesshallbenumberedsequentiallythrougheachannexwiththeannexletterastheprefixtothefigurenumber.
Figure1–FigureTitle[Cambriafont,11pt,bold,centered,belowthefigure]
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16
7 Annexes
Annexesshallalwaysstartatthetopofanewpageandshallbecalledoutinthemainbodyofthedocument.
AnnexX[Cambriafont,14pt,bold,centered,nospacebelow]
(informativeornormative)[Cambriafont,14pt,centered,12ptbelow]
AnnexTitle[Cambriafont,14pt,bold,centered,12ptbelow]
X.1 Level1AnnexHeader[Cambriafont,12pt,bold,12ptbelow]
X.1.2 Level2AnnexadditionalHeading[Cambriafont,11pt,bold,12ptspacebelow]
Annextext[Cambriafont,11pt,12ptspacebelow].
8 Bibliography
ThelastannexcontainstheBibliography.TheBibliographyshallbeinformative(i.e.,thedocumentslistedarenotincludedinSection2,NormativeReferences,oftheStandard).
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17
AnnexE(informative)
Bibliography
TheformatofreferencesfollowstheformatoftheModernLanguageAssociation(MLA).Seehttps://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/24/
1] ASTMInternational,FormandStyleforASTMStandards,January20158
2] IEEEStandardsAssociation,2014IEEE‐SAStandardsStyleManual9
3] ISO/IECDirectives,Part2,RulesforthestructureanddraftingofInternationalStandards,201110
4] NFPA,ManualofStyleforNFPATechnicalCommitteeDocuments,July200411
Forreferencestoarticles,thefollowingformatshallbeused:
1] Organizationname,Standardorbooktitle,Month(ifavailable)year.2] Lastname,Firstname.Articletitle.Journaltitle,year.3] Lastname,Firstname.Booktitle.Publisher,year.4] Lastname,FirstnameandLastname,Firstname.Articletitle.Journaltitle,year.
Forexample:
5] ASTMInternational,FormandStyleforASTMStandards,January20156] Ames,DanielT.AmesonForgeryItsDetectionandIllustration.Bancroft‐WhitneyCo.San
Francisco,1899.7] Cole,Alwyn.DefinitionandScopeofWorkoftheExaminerofQuestionedDocuments,
DocumentExaminer,orDocumentAnalystinTechnicalAbstractsandNotes.JournalofCriminalLaw,Criminology,andPoliceScience,1969.
8] Kelly,JanSeamanandLindblom,BrianL.Eds.ScientificExaminationofQuestionedDocuments.2ndEd.CRCPress,2006.
8ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428‐29599IEEE,3ParkAvenue,17thFloor,NewYork,NY,10016‐599710InternationalOrganizationforStandardization,1,ch.delaVoie‐Creuse,Casepostale56,CH‐1211Geneva2011NationalFireProtectionAssociation,1BatterymarchPark,Quincy,MA02169‐7471
AcademyStandardsBoard410North21stStreet
ColoradoSprings,CO80904
http://asb.aafs.org/