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As you write and revise, ask yourself—
Does each sentence express a complete thought?
Have I accidentally combined two or more ideas?
Here’s the Idea
Sentence Fragment
A sentence fragment is a part of a sentence that is punctuated as if it were a complete sentence.
Here’s the Idea
Sometimes a fragment occurs because the subject or verb is left out.
STUDENT MODEL
Pizza has a long and colorful history. According to legend, the tomato-based pizza its start in 1889. In the United States opened in New York City in 1905.
DRAFT
MISSING VERB
MISSING SUBJECT
Here’s the Idea
STUDENT MODEL STUDENT MODEL
DRAFT
Pizza has a long and colorful history. According to legend, the tomato-based pizza its start in 1889. In the United States opened in New York City in 1905.
REVISION
Pizza has a long and colorful history. According to legend, the tomato-based pizza got its start in 1889. The first pizzeria in the United States opened in New York City in 1905.
Here’s the Idea
STUDENT MODEL
A phrase that stands alone is a fragment.
FRAGMENT
DRAFT
The next milestone in the history of pizza occurred. After World War II.
Here’s the Idea
STUDENT MODELSTUDENT MODEL
FRAGMENT
DRAFT
The next milestone in the history of pizza occurred. After World War II.
COMPLETE SENTENCE
REVISION
The next milestone in the history of pizza occurred after World War II.
Here’s the Idea
Fragments often occur because a subordinate clause is mistaken for a complete sentence.
STUDENT MODEL
FRAGMENT
DRAFT
Merchants claimed tea could cure headaches, sleepiness, and even paralysis. When tea was first sold in England in the 1600s.
Here’s the Idea
STUDENT MODELSTUDENT MODEL
DRAFT
Merchants claimed tea could cure headaches, sleepiness, and even paralysis. When tea was first sold in England in the 1600s.
CLAUSE
REVISION
When tea was first sold in England in the 1600s, merchants claimed it could cure headaches, sleepiness, and even paralysis.
Here’s the Idea
A sentence fragment does not express a complete thought. It is missing important information.
Why It Matters
Rewrite each fragment as a complete sentence.
The navel orange to the United States from Brazil.
1.
Practice and Apply
Rewrite each fragment as a complete sentence.
Chocolate from the bean of the cacao tree.
3.
Practice and Apply
Rewrite each fragment as a complete sentence.
Invented stone grills for cooking.4.
Practice and Apply
Rewrite each fragment as a complete sentence.
Because she went to the farmer’s market.
5.
Practice and Apply
Writing Complete Sentences
Writing Complete Sentences
Here’s the IdeaRun-On Sentences
Why It Matters
Practice and Apply
Run-On Sentence
A run-on sentence is two or more sentences written incorrectly as one.
Here’s the Idea
STUDENT MODEL
The passage is actually two sentences written incorrectly as one.
DRAFT
Pineapples probably originated in what is now Brazil Spanish explorers called them piñas because they thought the fruit looked like a pine cone.
What is wrong with this sentence?
Here’s the Idea
STUDENT MODELSTUDENT MODEL
DRAFT
Pineapples probably originated in what is now Brazil Spanish explorers called them piñas because they thought the fruit looked like a pine cone.
REVISION
Pineapples probably originated in what is now Brazil. Spanish explorers called them piñas because they thought the fruit looked like a pine cone.
Here’s the Idea
Sometimes a run-on sentence is missing correct punctuation or a conjunction.
STUDENT MODEL
DRAFT
The tomato has had many names, the Aztecs called it tomatl some English people called it “tommytoe” when it was introduced there.
Here’s the Idea
STUDENT MODEL
DRAFT
The tomato has had many names, the Aztecs called it tomatl some English people called it “tommytoe” when it was introduced there.
STUDENT MODEL
REVISION
The tomato has had many names. The Aztecs called it tomatl, and some English people called it “tommytoe” when it was introduced there.
Here’s the Idea
As you revise your writing, use correct punctuation and conjunctions to make it clear where one idea ends and another begins.
Why It Matters
Rewrite this run-on sentence correctly.
Candy was created in Europe cooks dipped fruit into melted sugar.
6.
Practice and Apply
Rewrite this run-on sentence correctly.
Soft drinks were invented in the United States the first were fruit juice, sugar, and carbonated water.
7.
Practice and Apply
Rewrite this run-on sentence correctly.
Ice cream was invented by the Chinese around 2000 B.C. many people still enjoy it today.
8.
Practice and Apply
Rewrite this run-on sentence correctly.
Julia Child had not intended to be a cook she studied history in college.
9.
Practice and Apply