As you come in. Turn in syllabus last page, lab safety form,
lab safety cartoon, and hypothesis card game sheet in bin Write
Objectives and Catalyst questions and answers Objectives: Describe
the types of energy and how energy can be converted from one form
to another. Describe the structure and source of organic compounds
that store energy. Catalyst 1.Name the subatomic particles and
describe their mass and charge. 2. Define energy.
Slide 3
F RAYER M ODEL FOR E NERGY Definition- the capacity to do work
Characteristic- Example: Non-example ENERGY
Slide 4
Energy: Two forms exist: kinetic energy and potential energy.
kinetic energy potential energy Kinetic energy is the energy due to
motion. Potential energy is the energy stored by an object that can
be transformed into another form of energy.
Slide 5
T YPE OF E NERGY B RAINSTORM Potential EnergyKinetic Energy
Chemical Energy Batteries, biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and
coal are examples of stored chemical energy. Chemical energy is
converted to thermal energy when we burn wood in a fireplace or
burn gasoline in a car's engine. Mechanical Energy Compressed
springs and stretched rubber bands Nuclear Energy is energy stored
in the nucleus of an atom the energy that holds the nucleus
together. Gravitational Energy is energy stored in an object's
height. The higher and heavier the object, the more gravitational
energy is stored. Radiant Energy is electromagnetic energy that
travels in transverse waves. Radiant energy includes visible light,
x- rays, gamma rays and radio waves and light. Thermal Energy, or
heat, is the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules
within substances. Motion Energy is energy stored in the movement
of objects. The faster they move, the more energy is stored. Sound
is the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal
(compression/rarefaction) waves. Electrical Energy is delivered by
tiny charged particles called electrons, typically moving through a
wire.
Slide 6
M ATTER Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
Matter consists of elements. Elements are composed of atoms. Atoms
are smallest particle of matter. Atoms are composed of subatomic
particles called protons, neutrons and electrons.
Slide 7
M OLECULES ARE 2 OR MORE ATOMS. COMMON MOLECULES
Slide 8
Y OUR B ODY S N EED FOR F OOD Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins
and Nucleic Acids
Slide 9
W HAT ARE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ? Most matter in your body is made
of organic compounds Organic compounds contain carbon Carbon atoms
covalently bond to other elements like hydrogen and oxygen
Slide 10
W HAT ARE THE FOUR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FOUND IN THE HUMAN BODY ?
1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids
Slide 11
C ARBOHYDRATES ( SUGARS OR STARCHES ) What are carbohydrates
made of? 1.) carbon 2.) hydrogen 3.) oxygen carbohydrates (carbs)
are a key source of energy carbs are found in fruits, vegetables
and grains
Slide 12
C ARBOHYDRATE S TRUCTURE monosaccharide's contain 1 sugar
molecule and cannot be broken down disaccharides sugar made up of
two monosaccharide's polysaccharides made up of many
monosaccharide's linked together by glycosidic linkages
Slide 13
E XAMPLES OF C ARBOHYDRATES Fruits, vegetables and grains
Slide 14
L IPIDS ( FATS ) What are lipids made of? 1.) carbon 2.)
hydrogen 3.) oxygen lipids are fats that store energy in cells,
fats are found around tissues as padding and insulation
Slide 15
L IPIDS (F ATS ) C ONTINUED lipids are found in fats, steroids
and waxes 2 types of lipids 1.) saturated fat: solid at room
temperature 2.) unsaturated fat: liquid at room temperature
Slide 16
L IPID S TRUCTURE saturated fats solid at room temperature,
contains only single bonds
Slide 17
L IPID S TRUCTURE C ONTINUED unsaturated fats liquid at room
temperature contains double bonds
Slide 18
E XAMPLES OF SATURATED AND UNSATURATED FATS saturated fats
unsaturated fats
Slide 19
E XAMPLES OF L IPIDS Fats, steroids and waxes
Slide 20
P ROTEINS What are proteins made of? 1.) amino acids that are
linked together by peptide bonds form proteins proteins do most
work in cells and are required for the structure and function of
the body's tissue and organs
Slide 21
P ROTEIN S TRUCTURE
Slide 22
P ROTEINS C ONTINUED humans can only make 10 of the 20 amino
acids the other 10 amino acids (essential amino acids) must come
from what we eat on a daily basis unlike fat and sugars we can not
store amino acids
Slide 23
W HERE CAN WE FIND PROTEINS ? We can find proteins in: 1.) hair
2.) finger nails 3.) horns 4.) hoofs
Slide 24
E XAMPLES OF P ROTEINS What foods are rich in protein?
Slide 25
N UCLEIC A CIDS found in all of your cells nucleic acids are
made up of nucleotides carry genetic information in cells 2 types
of nucleic acids 1.) DNA 2.) RNA we will discuss nucleic acids
later
Slide 26
N UCLEIC A CID S TRUCTURE DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries
genetic information RNA (ribonucleic acid) makes proteins
Slide 27
W HAT DID YOU LEARN ? What are the 4 types of organic
compounds? 1.) carbohydrates (sugars) 2.) lipids (fats) 3.)
proteins 4.) nucleic acids
Slide 28
W HAT ARE CARBOHYDRATES ? main source of energy in body found
in fruits, vegetables and grains aapples, corn, soda pop, potatoes,
bread and broccoli
Slide 29
W HAT ARE LIPIDS ( FATS )? store energy in the body used as
insulation around organs and tissues 2 types saturated and
unsaturated found in fats, steroids and waxes examples, cooking
oil, butter, ice cream and chips
Slide 30
W HAT ARE PROTEINS ? are made from peptide bonds formed from
amino acids there are 20 amino acids we make 10 naturally must
consume the other 10 by eating poultry, fish, milk beef and
nuts
Slide 31
N UCLEIC A CIDS All cells have nucleic acids 2 types are DNA
and RNA
Slide 32
T HE E ND You Are What You Eat
Slide 33
A SSIGNMENTS For the next 5 days record everything you eat and
drink for every meal and snack. For each item: Label whether it is
a Plant, Animal, or Artificial Label whether it contains mostly
carbohydrates, Lipids, or Proteins (P) Look up and explain the
traditional food pyramid and the new food pyramid on mypyramid.gov.
How do they differ? Look up articles about the current Texas
Drought. List 5 negative environmental impacts.