As The Future Catches You : How Genomics And Other Forces Are Changing Your Life, Work, Health, And Wealth

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 1

Powerpoint Templates

As The Future Catches You

Created by:Anggi Paima Ulibasa Sibuea

Ribka FebrianaYasinta Fajrin

http://www.powerpointstyles.com/



I: Mixing Apples,

Oranges, and Floppy Disks

II: The 390:1 Gap

III: The New Rich and The

Poor

IV: Empires of The Mind

V: Data Drives Empire

VI: Genetics-The Next Dominant Language

VII: Genetics... Is A Hockey

Stick

VIII: The Most Powerful

Information System

IX: Nano World

X: Revolution... In A Few ZIP

Codes

XI: Technology Is Not Kind... It Does Not

Say “Please”

XII: Sleepless...

(And Angry) in Seattle

XIII: High Tech...High Pay...High Mobility

XIV: The Digital-

Genomics Diaspora

XV: Time Warp

Book Contents



Slide Contents

The background:

Gap

The technology:

Digital, Genomics,

Nano

Patent Reached by the future


IMIXING APPLES, ORANGE,

AND FLOPPY DISK


The skin and pulp of the orange is just a packaging.

The seeds contain the code.

The floppy disk is simply the container for these 1s and 0s.

It is reading and rewriting the code inside that drives change.



To build a nation..Become an economic superpower,

Wage war effectively,Or launch a global business..

You need a fewer people, time, or capital,

And you do need technology-literate people.

We are BEGINNING TO ACQUIRE direct and deliberate control over the evolution of all life forms ON THE PLANET…



New technologies change…LIVES…COMPANIES…COUNTRIES…

YOUR FUTURE, that of your children, and that of your

country depend on UNDERSTANDING A GLOBAL

ECONOMY DRIVEN BY TECHNOLOGY, UNDERSTANDING CODE,

PARTICULARLY GENETIC CODE, is today’s most powerful

technology.


IITHE 390:1 GAP

David Walton, a third-year Harvard medical student…Went to Haiti for a clinical internship…Was shocked by the poverty and disease…Wrote a long, emotional e-mail to a lifelong friend…And got a one-line response…

“Sounds pretty depressing. What else is going on down there?”

Extreme income gaps..Are so common… And so large…

That we rarely question… “Why they occur?

And why they are increasing so rapidly?”


States are falling apart at an unprecedented rate…

Because governments and citizens do not understand…

Why technology is relevant to their daily lives… and how it changes their future.



United States Europe

China India

Japan


IIITHE NEW RICH… AND THE

NEW POOR

Differences in education, particularly in scientific literacy, can lead to extreme changes in relative wealth and position V

E R Y . . . Q U I C K L Y


The World Economy 1960-1998

Agriculture Manufacturing Services0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

19601998

Global Production (%)



Fifty years ago…

Taiwan• Being the poorest and

most isolated country• 1974, the industrial

plant grew, as did exports and competitiveness (the averages Taiwanese produced twice as much as a Mexican)

• 1990s, Taiwan had become one of the world leaders in PC and chip manufacturing

• AND A TAIWANESE WAS PRODUCING FOUR TIMES MORE WEALTH THAN A MEXICAN.

Mexico• Produced twice that of someone living in Taiwan



Diverging Hourly Wages

(total dollar wage for manufacturing workers in US $)

Years Mexico Taiwan South Korea

Singapore

1975 1.47 0.40 0.32 0.84

1990 1.58 3.93 3.71 3.78

1999 2.12 5.62 6.71 7.18



In the old economy…Building a billion-dollar fortune

required…Decades of hard work…A powerful host country…Thousands of workers…And thousands of storefronts.

The rule of an economyBased on knowledge and networksAre very different from those

Of a manufacturing-based economy.

TODAY IT IS JUST THE OPPOSITE.



When you are trying to spread, and sell knowledge…

KEEPING SOMETHING “EXCLUSIVE” and “RARE” often LEADS TO A LOSS OF VALUE.

What matters most is that the purchaser becomes part of a network…And that the network keeps

growing.



What makes money today is the knowledge necessary to process and distribute information.

Look at software, for instance.The first copy of a major computer

program costs millions…

The second costs pennies.The more people who use the program…The easier it is to exchange

information…

The more valuable the program becomes…

And the richer the company and its employees.



In general, the companies that grow fastest are those selling ideas, not

those with the most assets.



MUCH OF THE WORLD’S NEW WEALTH IS CREATED BY KNOWLEDGE…

MANY COUNTRIES

ARE FAILING,FALLING APART,AND DISAPPEARING.


IVEMPIRES OF THE MIND

• “The empires of the future are the empires of the mind.”

• WINSTON CHURCHILL


Rich countries no longer need great deposits of gold or diamonds…

Or an abundance of land…Or millions of people…

THEY NEED TO EDUCATE THEIR POPULATION.

NO MORE…

THEY NEED SMART AND ENTREPRENEURIAL PEOPLE.

NO LESS…

THEY NEED A GOVERNMENT THAT PROVIDES ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL STABILITY.



NIGERIA has oilINDONESIA precious woodsSOUTH AFRICA diamonds and goldBRAZIL jungles and mineralsARGENTINA vast fertile landsCONGO minerals and gemsMEXICO silver and oilCOLOMBIA emeraldsSAUDI ARABIA oilVENEZUELA oil



Were sometimes able to create a knowledge economy and are now inhabited by some of

the RICHEST PEOPLE on the planet.

SINGAPORE

MALAYSIA

INDIA

CHINA

UNITED STATESCANADA



How can countries rich in

natural resources get SO POOR during this

century?



The future belongs to SMALL POPULATIONS who build

empires of the mind, and who ignore the temptation

of—or don’t have the option of—exploiting natural

resources.

And a lot of people who were wealthy once upon a time…will once again

become VERY POOR…


VDATA DRIVES EMPIRESPerhaps there is no better example…

Of the power knowledge has…To rapidly transform an economy…Than the digital revolution.


What distinguishes people from animals is THE ABILITY to understand abstract

concepts and to communicate these

concepts.



Drawing on the cave wall and

Hieroglyphs

Stylized primitive drawings

and language

into simplified characters by Chinese

The Greeks simplified

all concepts

into a few letters

26 letters we use today

NOW, dominant alphabet no longer

in 26 letters but in 2 1s and 0s



The digital alphabet encodes and transmits information…

with extraordinary speed and accuracy…

and it has become the world’s main language.

Example:• the phone may transmit01001000 01101001 00100000 01101101 01101111 01101101• the person who receives these digital strings hears

“Hi, Mom”



When people share a common language…Regions often come together…

So too do companies.

Things change very quickly in a digital world.

The power of technology, to build and destroy.

The digital revolution is just the beginning, because a new, far more powerful revolution is brewing.


VIGENETICS…THE NEXTDOMINANT LANGUAGE

Perhaps the most important discovery of the twentieth century was to learn to identify and read the code of life.

And perhaps the most important challenge we will face in the twenty century.. Is how.. And when.. To apply this knowledge


The Structure of DNADNA contains the code of all

life processes..Bacteria, worms, fish,

birds.. Humans..



Genetics is a very powerful instrumentSo we all have a stake and a reason

To understandAnd participate in debatesAs to what should not do

As we study and alterThe code that governs

All life on the planet.



How long you, your children..And your grandchildren..

Live..Depends increasingly..

On understanding the human genome..And on understanding..

The genetic code of the organisms that attack our bodies.



The variation between your genome and others is minuscule

Small variations within a genetic code can have enormous impact

Minutes change in a genome are enough to make differences of

physical appearance and also to make some healthy and others very

sick.



How the World Lives and Dies

1900 1990 2020

Communicable diseases FluDiarrheaPregnancy problemsDepressionHeart disease

Heart diseaseDepressionRoad accidentsStrokesChronic pulmonary diseaseChronic non-communicable diseases will cause 73% of deaths

How and when one gets these diseases depends in part on genes..

And in part on one’s lifestyle.Smoking, for instance, can trigger gene mutations and

lead to cancer.



Societies and peoples who understand the genetic alphabet..Are likely to LIVE LONGER..AND GET

RICHER.But most societies do not understand genetic discovery…

Or the challenges that arise from these discoveries..

And that makes them, for all practical purposes..

Functionally illiterate..In the language that codes all

life on this planet.


VII

GENETICS IS..A HOCKEY STICK

“We are learning the language in which God created life.. Without a doubt, this is the most important, most wondrous map ever produced by humankind”


Robert Fleishmann & Craig Venter (1995)

• Published the first full genome of a living organism• The first time that scientist could see a complete

map of how a life was programmed.• Marked the beginning of new era in mankind’s history• Bringing standarization, mechanization, and

supercomputers-> unleash an avalanche of knowledge



The development of biology

In vivo •Systematically observing and experimenting on live organism

In vitro •Moved “indoors” into small breakers, test tubes, petri dishes, and other glass containers

In silico •Combining the power of lab with that of a computer



By using the in silico method:

Increase the identification of gene-data

Dropping the cost of sequencing

Cost collapse, KNOWLEDGE AND PATENTS EXPLODED



Patent

Include anything under the sun made by man

1971: allowed patents on living organism and genes

1988: patentable not just bacteria and plants, but entire animals.

1991: USPTO received an overwhelming 4000 request for patents on various expressed sequences tags (ESTs)

1995: patents increased to 22.000/year

1996: increased to an unmanageable-> 500.000/year

Patent office was forced to change the rules as to how one could apply for basic genetic patents.



Patent statistics reflect just part of the change

Scientist are overwhelmed by new knowledge..

Every week, every day..If you graph this knowledge..

It is not a straight upward curveOr a gradual curve..

Genetic knowledge is a hockey stick..

It bounces along the bottom of the graph for decades..

And suddenly explodes upward





As the digital and genetics revolutions converge..

So will their languages..A, T, C, Gs…

And 1s and 0s,,Are interchangeable..Ever more powerful data

processors,,Some of which..Could be based on

DNA


VIIITHE MOST POWERFUL INFORMATION SYSTEM

“Do not explain why it can’t be done. DISCOVER how it CAN be done”


The machines and technology coming out of the digital and genetic revolutions may allow people to leverage their mental capacity a thousand.. A million.. A trillionfold.

The world’s best programmers are increasingly gravitating toward biology, BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOCOMPUTING



The world’s most powerful and compact coding and information-processing system .. Is a GENOME

Blend silicon chips with DNA, so memory chips could grow organically and pack a lot more processing power into much smaller space.



SMASH- Simple, Many, and Self-healing

Computers are increasingly designed to act as collection of individuals cells that work in parallel

to solve problems and can fix themselves



One way to understand how genes code what they do is through gene chips

• Instead of placing transistors on the chip, it placed hybrid bits of DNA• Lights up under the laser

Chips are the result of convergence and synergy among various technology

Gene chips will lead to personalized medicine



Genomics, bioinformatics, and biocomputing are merging and they are

beginning to explode a lot of myths…

Medicine is going to change

fast



IXNANO WORLD

We can already build pretty small things..Japanese engineer’s have produced a car..

That looks and operates like any other car..Except that it is the size of a grain of rice.

Fun..But trivial compared to what

Is coming



NANO TECHNOLOGY

Robert Curl Jr., Harold Kroto, and Richard Smalley discover and build

new molecules: Carbon

Nov 2000• Nanosubs: partly organic and

partly inorganic• Someday, ‘nanonurses may be

able to seek specific diseased cells within the body and deliver molecular doses of medicine



Genomics is teaching us what life really is on a nano scale

What is extraordinary is how widespread and powerful the technology base of the knowledge economy is gettingAnd how discoveries in one area lead to breakthroughs in other fields quickly



Bioinformatics Biocomputing

It Revolution

Age of Knowledge Economy

Molecular Revolution



But as these changes accelerate..

Much of the world remains isolated and ignorant…

About technologies that..Will fundamentally alter

everyone’s relative economic status..

And life expectancy.


XRevolution…… In a Few Zip

Codes

“The World is divided into a golden billion.. and everyone

else.”

Vladimir PutinPresident of Russia


Talking About Patent

• Protect the application with the "Licensing" or "patent“.

• Number of patents that are considered to be

one of several measures as an indication of the ability to compete.

• Not all patents are good or valuable, but being unable to generate patent is VERY BAD



Talking About Patent (cont.)

If you can not create knowledge and patents, It is impossible to launch new-high tech companies

There was little new knowledge

to sell

And little economic

growth

Number of Companies listed on Buenos Aires Stock Exchange

Y 1995 Y 2000

145 125

Means

Impacts

example



PEOPLE NEEDED TO PRODUCE ASIGLE U.S. PATENT

Country People Per Patent (1998)

United States 2,955

Japan 3,914

Switzerland 5,244

Taiwan 5,812

Canada 8,227

Germany 8,778

South Korea 13,653

France 14,658

United Kingdom 16,568

Australia 22,169

Singapore 25,735

Spain 127,273

Venezuela 772,414

Argentina 778,261

Mexico 1,267,532

Brazil 1,869,318

India 10,647,319

Indonesia 21,610,345


What matters in modern economy is:

knowlegde

It is what you live off..It is what power

growth..

And from patents in the last twenty years…

Is not that hard to predict who gets rich..

And who gets poor



Not only Indonesian who produces less patent, but as less as Brazilian and Mexican do.


Brazil generation less breakthrough knowledge, and Brazil is less relevant in the global-knowledge market

In 1997, the Mexican patent office received 10.531 patents requests, but only 4% of the request came from Mexican nationals.



Things do not have to be this way. Given the right training, capital and instruments,

Brazilian and Mexican scientist can be competitive.


For example:

Sao Paulo gives 1% of its tax revenue to a research institute, FAPEST.

And in 2000, FAPEST published the world first plant-disease genome,

Xylella Fastidiosa, which destroy oranges, grapes, almonds, plums, peaches, oaks and elms.

published

Xylella Fastidiosa

the world first plant-disease

genome




Most developing country are not competitive it the global knowledge

economy. In 1998, a single company IBM obtained more US patent than the total

granted to 139 countries139 Countri

es2522 2685

IBM generate more patent alone than 139 countries did together (u.s patent granted 1998)

IBM



In a borderless world, those who do not educate and keep their citizens, will lose most intellectual wars..


Not only Company that accumulating global brain power.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) alumni and faculty :

have founded more than 4000 companies

Generating over $230 billion in a yearly sales

Had 1.500 patents pending in 2000

In fact, Many of MIT’s alumni and Faculty..

Are Foreigners who chose to stay in USA



As a developing country, you can lower inflation, reduce corruption, cut your budget, privatize, and still not get rich.


WHY?

Because you are not

generating knowledge, but product.



We can get a sense how knowledge-intensive an economy is by dividing:

If the result:

• >1 : the country exports more knowledge-based products than raw materials

• <1 : the economy remains vulnerable to commodity cycle


Year Chile Argentina Brazil G7 (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, USA

Asian Tigers (Hongkong, south korea, singapore, taiwan)

1997 0.01 0.12 0.22 2.17 0.74

1995 0.01 0.07 0.23 1.67 1.80

High Tech vs Low Tech Exports

Value Added ExportsCommodity Exports




“If you don’t export

knowledge, you don’t get rich”

And for those who understand

this, countries or company,

will generating knowledge

and invest in technology

They are getting richer….

A lot richer.

How can we increase the ability to generate

knowledge?

Growth and wealth…

Will be distributed unevenly..

As long as few commodities..

Pay more attention,

To their children’s science education



A scary world when,

The long term..Is no longer measured in century, or decades..

But in years..

And some times,In months.

“Technology accelerates trends”

It took the telephone 35 years to get into 1/4 of us home

Tv took 26..

Radio 22..

PCs 16

The Internet took 7




XITechnology is NOT KIND… IT DOES NOT SAY

PLEASEIn the last decade of the twentieth century, the global economy bred…Mergers and start-up on an unprecedented scale..$908,000,000,000 in mergers during 1997 alone…A 47% increase over the previous year. By January 2000….

In one month..There were $244,500,000,000 worth of mergers



• Largest mergers and most successful new companies related to telecommunications, Internet, Software and Finance, there is quite a lot of the "Digital Revolution" merger.

• but the Pharmaceuticals, Chemicals and Agribusiness as well as the digital revolution cause a very large merger and restructuring. In this latter group is the strength of Genetics Code application, which is likely to underestimate the power you have.

Talking About Technology

Massive changes

Knowledge

Economy

Not only computer

and telecom

The most basic

industry on the planet

see

Instead of growing grain for flour. Farmers are starting to grow Medicine, Plastic, Fuel

But only those farmer with knowledge and access to new technology, can hope to prosper

Agriculture, Agribusines

s



Talking About Technology (cont.)

A seed is an instrument designed to execute a genetic program. that transform soil, water and sun into wood.. Flower… fruit…

Whoever can read an understand a

seed’s genetic code. Can Change IT

Agriculture is simply one example.



Today we have seen a change in the nature of Agribusiness "Plant Reprogramming“

Year 1999 Monsanto and Dupont sale up to 40% of all soybeans produced in the U.S. and nearly 80% of the seed corn.

Dow Chemical has produced corn that become a biodegradable plastic.

Dupont Polyester fibers are like silk.

Banana and tomato mixture is adjusted to a mixture of edible vaccines to prevent diseases, such as cholera, hepatitis.

Treatment of heart failure derived from the Foxglove extracts

aspirin is derived from the wool and so on.

Talking About Technology (cont.)

What is different is, we are not

just extracting

substances, but

reprograming plants to express specific

compounds



XIISLEEPLESS……(and angry)

in SEATLLESome think that the only people anguishing about massive economic change are the colorful protesters who gather dressed as bioengineered vegetables outside meeting of the World Trade Organization the World Bank. Or the World Economic Forum ..Wrong…Corporate kahunas are just as concerned and scared about the rate of rapid change



why do people were sleepless, frustrated,

angry in Seattle?

Talking about sleepless in Seattle

Everyone, just as people and regions are scare of multinational behemoths. EVEN MEGA-COMPANIES are also terrified, that

they might be not be large enough, or fast enough

to compete & survive.



Talking about sleepless in Seattle (cont.)

Example

1 Drugs

May cost $500,000

,000

Take over a decade

Wh

en c

reat

ing

a n

ew d

rug

,

Ph

arm

aceu

tica

l Co

mp

anie

s, F

or

inst

ance

:But even if large

companies, GROW, MERGE and DOMINATE.

They still hard to monopolize, or even attract the best brain

Some do not need a lot of resources,

time or people to get very

rich.

Small companies can generate a great deal of wealth and get very

large, very quick, even fewer employees.



The major chemical companies. Many had also feared Genomic Co., Because technology has

developed very quickly. And not to be underestimated. Because the sample in the

Computer industry and the company, but is later able to acquire a business is worth more than an

old company. And for a long time as well.


Microsoft, Intel VS. IBM

AOL VS. Time Warner

Yahoo, Amazon VS. The New York Times or Any

other medias

eBay VS. Sears Roebuck



Knowledge and databases, continue to expand at unprecedented rates. Even after the U.S Patent and Trademark Office revised the rules of gene patents.

At year 2000, Genomics drove 25,000 new patent. 25% more than in 1999. more than all internet or computer business.




XIIIHigh Tech. High Pay. High

Mobility

“The Great thing in this world is not so much where we stand, as

in what direction we are moving.”

Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.



High Tech. High Pay. High Mobility

Distance and Abstract changes in technology

They will change your life, where you live, what you do, what you earn. Whatever your current profession.

Your ability to understand and surf waves of change, will determine how well you do as you change Jobs. Every decade, or 5 years, or every few months.

If you are not stolen away by some company every few years (or months) means…..

You are not CONSIDERED A HOT PROPERTY

stability is a mark of shame



The only way to make a successful transition from being a corporate man or woman,

is to learn how to understand and use new concepts and technologies.meanwhile, a skill usually learned in college and graduate school

High Tech. High Pay. High Mobility (cont.)



High Tech=High Pay

JOBU.S. MEDIAN SALARY (1997)

ALL OCCUPATION $22,734 Engineering managers

72,675

Electrical engineers

59,155

Geologists 52,395Computer engineers

50,606

Chemists 43,971

Biology scientists 43,701


In the U.S., the difference in salary as a result of the study was based at the High Tech salary will be higher than other occupations (All Occupations) at least 2-3 times



Various Country have come up with different method to support Education

• South Korea• The United State

• Mexico




South Korea• The country spends 3.7% of GNP on Education• South Korean parents spend almost the same amount on

educating their children as the state does.• Paying for best tutors in English, Math, and science because the

country is a strict meritocracy• So At the end of high school, they take a standardized test.

Top Score Student

Must go to

Korea Universit

y

They not choosing their major

The Major depends on the Test score




And Even after you graduate..

You still tested

It’s a brutal system, but it brings South Korea became one of the world’s fastest-growing economies and technology leader country


(Still)South Korea



USA• Us parent spend extra money on their

children’s education• Plus all those extracurricular activity, such

as karate, summer camp, music, basketball, soccer, art, etc.

For instance, US provide education most likely as South Korea does.

US succeed maintaining current leadership in technology, and also attracting extraordinary talented people from other countries




Mexico

In many developing countries, the educational situation is dire. Many Latin American parents profess a passion for educating their children

But statistic and government policies seems to negate this• Only 60% of the richest children getting a

collage degree• And only 35% from upper middle class

bother graduating from college.




XIVThe Digital-Genomic Diaspora

“When Progress is moving as fast as it is now. Recalling its victims is

difficult”

Michael LewisAmerican Non-Fiction Author and Financial

Journalist



Do we have choices? Such a

life.



The Digital-Genomic Diaspora (cont.)

Many of those people wishing to work in US. Can now do so freely, Without visa, or visit or visits form INS.

Manufacturing Economy•You had to travel to the factory and put things together or process paper at specific desk

Knowledge Economy•You can work at your desk, in your home, in a hotel, in a plane. Everywhere.

It caused:• Only 1 out of 3 people in

California 9-5 job, working on site.

• 80% of Sun Microsystems employee work home part-time

• annual income of up to $ 50k Home-Only Teleworkers are more than two times the average income.



Part of the answer is that . . .

Technology empowers individuals . . .

And makes it hard to prevent democracy . . .

Which in turn allow people to ask . . .

Do I really wish to remain a shareholder of this state?

(increasingly often the answer is NO!)

The Digital-Genomic Diaspora (cont)

Why the sudden impulse

to secede?

And why are so many

now success

ful?



So..Governments have far less leeway . . .

If they abuse their power . . .If they ignore citizen-shareholders

They will tear apart the state

The Digital-Genomic Diaspora (cont)



XVTIME WARP

“Getting a genome sequence has never been an end.. Just

a start”



Clones

• Is not a photocopy• Teach us a lot about what is nature and what is nurture

about how much our genes govern out thoughts and actions

Scientist and companies are racing flat-out to decode, understand, rewrite portions of various genomes.



What our world looks like in fifty or hundred

years..Depends to a significant

extent..On our ability to adopt and

adapt..The ethical, political, and

economic challenges..Of the digital-genomics

area.



You can stand on the sidelines and assume that fate will guide

thingsOr you can help yourself,

your family, your company, and your

country navigate this wondrous and scary

adventure



Powerpoint TemplatesGrazie

Gra

zie

The End… (ACTUALLY,

JUST THE BEGINNING)

Gra

zie



Documents

As The Future Catches You : How Genomics And Other Forces Are Changing Your Life, Work, Health, And Wealth