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arX
iv:2
011.
0866
7v2
[m
ath.
NT
] 1
9 N
ov 2
020
ON VALUES OF THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES
ZETA FUNCTION AT NON-POSITIVE INTEGERS
SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
Abstract. Let x be a complex number which has a positive real part, and w1, . . . , wNbe positive rational numbers. We write wsΞΆN(s, x | w1, . . . , wN) as a finite linear combi-nation of the Hurwitz zeta function over Q(x), where ΞΆN(s, x | w1, . . . , wN ) is the Barneszeta function and w is a positive rational number explicitly determined by w1, . . . , wN .Furthermore, in the case that x is a positive rational number, we give an explicit formulafor the values at non-positive integers for higher order derivatives of the Barnes zetafunction involving the generalized Stieltjes constants and the values at positive integersof the Riemann zeta function. At the end of the paper, we give some tables of numericalexamples.
The Barnes zeta function [3, 4] is defined by the multiple Dirichlet series:
ΞΆN (s, x | w1, . . . , wN ) :=
ββ
n1=0
Β· Β· Β·
ββ
nN=0
1
(x+ n1w1 + Β· Β· Β·+ nNwN )s, Re(s) > N,
where N is a positive integer and x,w1, . . . , wN are fixed complex number which havepositive real parts. The series on the right converges absolutely for Re(s) > N , and thefunction of s has a meromorphic continuation to the entire complex plane with simplepoles at s = 1, 2, . . . , N . For N = 1, we have ΞΆ1(s, x | w) = w
βsΞΆ(s, x/w) where
ΞΆ(s, x) :=
ββ
n=0
(n+ x)βs, Re(s) > 1
is the Hurwitz zeta function.We put
ΞΆN (s, x) := ΞΆN (s, x | 1, . . . , 1οΈΈ οΈ·οΈ· οΈΈ
N
),
and let
V (x) := γ{ΞΆ(s β k, y) | k β Zβ₯0, y β Q(x), Re(y) > 0}γQ(x)
be the vector space over the field Q(x) generated by the Hurwitz zeta functions. Koyamaand Kurokawa [8] generalized Kummerβs formula on the gamma function to the multiplegamma function ΞN (x) :=exp(ΞΆ
β²N (0, x)) by using some formulae for ΞΆ
β²N (s, x). In this paper,
we follow their method.We establish wsΞΆN (s, x | w1, . . . , wN ) β V (x) for any positive rational numbers
w1 =r1q1, . . . , wN =
rNqN
(ri, qi β Z>0, gcd(ri, qi) = 1 for i = 1, . . . , N)
and w := lcm(r1, . . . , rN )/gcd(q1, . . . , qN ).
Lemma 1. Let w1 = r1/q1, . . . , wN = rN/qN (ri, qi β Z>0 for i = 1, 2, . . . , N) be posi-tive rational numbers (gcd(ri, qi) = 1 is not necessary). For any common multiple q of
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 11M41; Secondary 11M06, 11M35, 33B15.
1
http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.08667v2
2 SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
q1, . . . , qN and any common multiple β of qw1, . . . , qwN (β Z), we have
ΞΆN (s, x | w1, . . . , wN ) =(q
β
)sβ1β1β
k1=0
Β· Β· Β·
βNβ1β
kN=0
ΞΆN
(
s,q
β(x+ k1w1 + Β· Β· Β·+ kNwN )
)
,
where β1 := β/(qw1), . . . , βN := β/(qwN ) (β Z).
Proof. For s β C with Re(s) > N , we have
ΞΆN (s, x | w1, . . . , wN )
=
ββ
n1=0
Β· Β· Β·
ββ
nN=0
(x+ n1w1 + Β· Β· Β· + nNwN )βs
=(q
β
)sββ
n1=0
Β· Β· Β·
ββ
nN=0
(q
β(x+ n1w1 + Β· Β· Β·+ nNwN )
)βs
=(q
β
)sβ1β1β
k1=0
Β· Β· Β·
βNβ1β
kN=0
ββ
n1=0n1β‘k1 (mod β1)
Β· Β· Β·ββ
nN=0
nNβ‘kN (mod βN )
{q
β((x+ k1w1 + Β· Β· Β·+ kNwN )
+(n1 β k1)w1 + Β· Β· Β·+ (nN β kN )wN )}βs
=(q
β
)sβ1β1β
k1=0
Β· Β· Β·
βNβ1β
kN=0
ββ
n1=0
Β· Β· Β·
ββ
nN=0
(q
β(x+ k1w1 + Β· Β· Β· + kNwN )
+ n1 + Β· Β· Β·+ nN
)βs
=(q
β
)sβ1β1β
k1=0
Β· Β· Β·
βNβ1β
kN=0
ΞΆN
(
s,q
β(x+ k1w1 + Β· Β· Β·+ kNwN )
)
,
and we get the assertion. οΏ½
Proposition 2. Let w1 = r1/q1, . . . , wN = rN/qN (ri, qi β Z>0 for i = 1, 2, . . . , N) bepositive rational numbers with gcd(ri, qi) = 1 for i = 1, . . . , N and put
w := lcm(r1, . . . , rN )/gcd(q1, . . . , qN ) (β Q),
β1 := w/w1, . . . , βN := w/wN . We have β1, . . . , βN β Z and
ΞΆN (s, x | w1, . . . , wN ) = wβs
β1β1β
k1=0
Β· Β· Β·
βNβ1β
kN=0
ΞΆN(s,wβ1(x+ k1w1 + Β· Β· Β· + kNwN )
).
Proof. We put q := lcm(q1, . . . , qN ) and β := lcm(qw1, . . . , qwN ). It is enough to showq/β = wβ1 = gcd(q1, . . . , qN )/lcm(r1, . . . , rN ) from Lemma 1. To show the equality, wecheck ordp(β gcd(q1, . . . , qN )) = ordp(q lcm(r1, . . . , rN )) for any prime number p, whereordp(a) (β Z) for a β Q
Γ is defined by
a = pordp(a)c
b, b, c β Z, p β€ b, p β€ c.
Let p be a prime number and Ξ½ (1 β€ Ξ½ β€ N) be an integer which satisfies ordp(wΞ½) =max {ordp(w1), . . . , ordp(wN )}. Since β = lcm(qw1, . . . , qwN ), we have
ordp(β) = max {ordp(qw1), . . . , ordp(qwN )}
= ordp(q) + ordp(wΞ½).(1)
THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES ZETA FUNCTION 3
(i) Consider the case p|qΞ½ . From the assumption gcd(rΞ½ , qΞ½) = 1, we have p β€ rΞ½ , andhence
max {ordp(w1), . . . , ordp(wN )} = ordp(wΞ½) = βordp(qΞ½) < 0.
It concludes that ordp(w1) < 0, . . . , ordp(wN ) < 0, that is, p β€ r1, . . . , p β€ rN and p|q1, . . . , p|qN .From these facts and (1), we have
ordp(wΞ½) = max {ordp(w1), . . . , ordp(wN )}
= max {βordp(q1), . . . ,βordp(qN )}
= βmin {ordp(q1), . . . , ordp(qN )}
= βordp(gcd(q1, . . . , qN )),
and
ordp(β gcd(q1, . . . , qN )) = ordp(β) + ordp(gcd(q1, . . . , qN ))
= ordp(q) + ordp(wΞ½) + ordp(gcd(q1, . . . , qN ))
= ordp(q)
= ordp(q) + ordp(lcm(r1, . . . , rN ))
= ordp(q lcm(r1, . . . , rN )).
(ii) Consider the case p β€ qΞ½ . If p|ri for some i, then p β€ qi from gcd(ri, qi) = 1 and
ordp(ri) = ordp(wi) β€ max {ordp(w1), . . . ordp(wN )}
= ordp(wΞ½) = ordp(rΞ½).
Therefore, we have
ordp(lcm(r1, . . . , rN )) = max {ordp(r1), . . . , ordp(rN )} = ordp(rΞ½) = ordp(wΞ½).
From these facts and (1), we have
ordp(β gcd(q1, . . . , qN )) = ordp(β) + ordp(gcd(q1, . . . , qN ))
= ordp(β) (since p β€ qΞ½ .)
= ordp(q) + ordp(wΞ½)
= ordp(q) + ordp(lcm(r1, . . . , rN ))
= ordp(q lcm(r1, . . . , rN )).
οΏ½
For a positive integer N , let CN (t) (β Z[t]) be the polynomial defined by
CN (t) :=
{
1 (N = 1),
(t+N β 1)(t+N β 2) Β· Β· Β· (t+ 1) (N β₯ 2),
and put
CN,x(t) := CN (tβ x) β (Z[x])[t]
for x β C.
Lemma 3. We have
ΞΆN (s, x) =1
(N β 1)!
Nβ1β
k=0
C(k)N,x(0)
k!ΞΆ(sβ k, x).
4 SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
Proof. For s β C with Re(s) > N , we have
ΞΆN (s, x) =ββ
n1=0
Β· Β· Β·ββ
nN=0
(x+ n1 + Β· Β· Β·+ nN )βs
=
ββ
n=0
(n+N β 1N β 1
)
(n+ x)βs
(
since |{(n1, . . . , nN ) β ZN | n1 + Β· Β· Β·+ nN = n, n1, . . . , nN β₯ 0}| =
(n+N β 1N β 1
))
=1
(N β 1)!
ββ
n=0
CN,x(n+ x)Γ (n + x)βs
=1
(N β 1)!
ββ
n=0
Nβ1β
k=0
C(k)N,x(0)
k!(n + x)β(sβk)
=1
(N β 1)!
Nβ1β
k=0
C(k)N,x(0)
k!ΞΆ(sβ k, x),
and we get the assertion. οΏ½
From Proposition 2 and Lemma 3, we get the following theorem and corollary.
Theorem 4. Let x be a complex number which has a positive real part, w1 = r1/q1,. . . , wN = rN/qN (ri, qi β Z>0 for i = 1, 2, . . . , N) positive rational numbers with gcd(ri, qi) =1 for i = 1, . . . , N and put
w := lcm(r1, . . . , rN )/gcd(q1, . . . , qN ), β1 := w/w1, . . . , βN := w/wN .
We have
ΞΆN (s, x | w1, . . . , wN )
=1
ws(N β 1)!
β1β1β
k1=0
Β· Β· Β·
βNβ1β
kN=0
Nβ1β
k=0
C(k)N,y(k1,...,kN )
(0)
k!ΞΆ(sβ k, y(k1, . . . , kN )).
where y(k1, . . . , kN ) := wβ1(x+ k1w1 + Β· Β· Β·+ kNwN ).
Corollary 5. For positive rational numbers w1, . . . , wN , we have wsΞΆN (s, x | w1, . . . , wN ) β
V (x) := γ{ΞΆ(s β k, y) | k β Zβ₯0, y β Q(x), Re(y) > 0}γQ(x).
Example 6. (1)
ΞΆ1(s, x) = ΞΆ(s, x),
ΞΆ2(s, x) = (1β x)ΞΆ(s, x) + ΞΆ(sβ 1, x),
ΞΆ3(s, x) =1
2((x2 β 3x+ 2)ΞΆ(s, x) + (3β 2x)ΞΆ(s β 1, x) + ΞΆ(sβ 2, x)).
(2)
ΞΆ1(s, x | 1) = ΞΆ(s, x),
ΞΆ2(s, x | 1, 2)
= 2βs((
1βx
2
)
ΞΆ(
s,x
2
)
+ ΞΆ(
sβ 1,x
2
)
+
(1
2βx
2
)
ΞΆ
(
s,x
2+
1
2
)
+ΞΆ
(
sβ 1,x
2+
1
2
))
THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES ZETA FUNCTION 5
(3)
ΞΆ1(s, x | 1) = ΞΆ(s, x),
ΞΆ2
(
s, x
β£β£β£β£1,
1
2
)
= (1β x) ΞΆ (s, x) + ΞΆ (sβ 1, x) +
(1
2β x
)
ΞΆ
(
s, x+1
2
)
+ ΞΆ
(
sβ 1, x+1
2
)
,
ΞΆ3
(
s, x
β£β£β£β£1,
1
2,1
3
)
=1
2
((x2 β 3x+ 2
)ΞΆ (s, x) + (3β 2x) ΞΆ (sβ 1, x) + ΞΆ (sβ 2, x)
+
(
x2 β7x
3+
10
9
)
ΞΆ
(
s, x+1
3
)
+
(7
3β 2x
)
ΞΆ
(
sβ 1, x+1
3
)
+ ΞΆ
(
sβ 2, x+1
3
)
+
(
x2 β5x
3+
4
9
)
ΞΆ
(
s, x+2
3
)
+
(5
3β 2x
)
ΞΆ
(
sβ 1, x+2
3
)
+ ΞΆ
(
sβ 2, x+2
3
)
+
(
x2 β 2x+3
4
)
ΞΆ
(
s, x+1
2
)
+ (2β 2x) ΞΆ
(
sβ 1, x+1
2
)
+ ΞΆ
(
sβ 2, x+1
2
)
+
(
x2 β4x
3+
7
36
)
ΞΆ
(
s, x+5
6
)
+
(4
3β 2x
)
ΞΆ
(
sβ 1, x+5
6
)
+ ΞΆ
(
sβ 2, x+5
6
)
+
(
x2 β2x
3β
5
36
)
ΞΆ
(
s, x+7
6
)
+
(2
3β 2x
)
ΞΆ
(
sβ 1, x+7
6
)
+ ΞΆ
(
sβ 2, x+7
6
))
.
The surface on the left in Figure 1 shows a graph of ΞΆ2(s, x | 1, 1/2) with β2 < s < 1and 0 < x < 1, and the curve on the right shows the section of the surface cut by theplane x = 1/3. From the figure, we can know that ΞΆ2(s, 1/3 | 1, 1/2) has a zero arounds = 0.25. In fact, the computation shows that the zero exists at s ; 0.2558028917231215.
Figure 1. ΞΆ2(s, x | 1, 1/2) and ΞΆ2(s, 1/3 | 1, 1/2)
The surface on the left in Figure 2 shows a graph of ΞΆ3(s, x | 1, 1/2, 1/3) with β2 < s < 1and 0 < x < 1, and the curve on the right shows the section of the surface cut by theplane x = 1/3. From the figure, we can know that ΞΆ3(s, 1/3 | 1, 1/2, 1/3) has a zero arounds = 0. In fact, we have ΞΆ3(0, 1/3 | 1/2, 1/3) = 0. We can know this fact by a result ofthe Barnes on the relation between the values of Barnes zeta function at non-positiveintegers and the Bernoulli-Barnes polynomials Bk(X | w1, . . . , wN ) β Q(w1, . . . , wN )[X]([4, p.383]) defined by
tNe(w1+Β·Β·Β·+wNβX)t
(ew1t β 1) Β· Β· Β· (ewN t β 1)=
ββ
k=0
Bk(X | w1, . . . , wN )tk
k!.
6 SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
Theorem 7. (Barnes [4, p.405]) For β β Zβ₯0, we have
ΞΆN (ββ, x | w1, . . . , wN ) =(β1)ββ!
(N + β)!BN+β(x | w1, . . . , wN ).
By Theorem 7 and
B3(X | w1, w2, w3) =3
4+w1 + w24w3
+w2 + w34w1
+w3 + w14w2
β
{3
2w1+
3
2w2+
3
2w3+
w12w2w3
+w2
2w3w1+
w32w1w2
}
X
+
{3
2w1w2+
3
2w2w3+
3
2w1w3
}
X2 β1
w1w2w3X3,
we have
ΞΆ3(0, 1/3 | 1, 1/2, 1/3) =1
3!B3(1/3 | 1, 1/2, 1/3) = 0.
Figure 2. ΞΆ3(s, x | 1, 1/2, 1/3) and ΞΆ3(s, 1/3 | 1, 1/2, 1/3)
Next, we calculate the values at non-positive integers s of higher order derivatives ofΞΆN (s, x | w1, . . . , wN ) for positive rational numbers w1, . . . , wN and x. From Theorem 4,we have
ΞΆ(n)N (s, x | w1, . . . , wN ) =
1
(N β 1)!
nβ
j=0
(nj
)
(β logw)nβjwβs
Γ
β1β1β
k1=0
Β· Β· Β·
βNβ1β
kN=0
Nβ1β
k=0
C(k)N,y(k1,...,kN )
(0)
k!ΞΆ(j)(sβ k, y(k1, . . . , kN )),(2)
for n β Zβ₯0. Therefore, the calculation of the values at non-positive integers s of thehigher order derivatives of ΞΆN (s, x | w1, . . . , wN ) for positive rational numbers w1, . . . , wNand x is reduced to that of the values of ΞΆ(n)(s, y) at non-positive integers s for y β Q>0.
Let u and v be integers with 1 β€ u β€ v. Consider the functional equation [1, Theo-rem 12.8]:
ΞΆ(
1β s,u
v
)
=2Ξ(s)
(2Οv)sH(
s,u
v
)
,(3)
where
H(
s,u
v
)
:=vβ
k=1
{
cos
(Οs
2β
2Οku
v
)
ΞΆ
(
s,k
v
)}
.
THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES ZETA FUNCTION 7
We have
(4) ΞΆ(s, x) =1
sβ 1+
ββ
n=0
(β1)n
n!Ξ³n(x)(s β 1)
n,
where Ξ³n(x) is the generalized Stieltjes constant. For the Riemann zeta function ΞΆ(s) =ΞΆ(s, 1),
Ξ³n = Ξ³n(1) = limmββ
(mβ
k=1
logn k
kβ
logn+1m
n+ 1
)
,
and
Ξ³ := Ξ³0 = limmββ
(mβ
k=1
1
kβ logm
)
; 0.57721
is the Eulerβs constant. Berndt [5] proved the following theorem.
Theorem 8 ([5, Theorem 1]). For x β R with 0 < x β€ 1 and n β Z with n β₯ 0, we have
Ξ³n(x) = limmββ
(mβ
k=0
logn(k + x)
k + xβ
logn+1(m+ x)
n+ 1
)
.
Lemma 9. H(s, u
v
)is an entire function.
Proof. It is enough to show that H(s, u
v
)is holomorphic at s = 1. Since
cos
(Οs
2β
2Οku
v
)(n)
= β(Ο
2
)n
sin
(Ο(s+ nβ 1)
2β
2Οku
v
)
,
we have
(5) cos
(Οs
2β
2Οku
v
)(n)
s = 1
= β(Ο
2
)n
sin
(Οn
2β
2Οku
v
)
.
Therefore, we obtain the Taylor expansion at s = 1:
(6) cos
(Οs
2β
2Οku
v
)
= β
ββ
n=0
1
n!
(Ο
2
)n
sin
(Οn
2β
2Οku
v
)
(sβ 1)n.
From (6) and (4), the coefficient of (sβ1)β1 in the expansion ofH(s, u
v
)is
vβ
k=1
sin
(2Οku
v
)
= 0,
and hence H(s, u
v
)is holomorphic at s = 1 and
H(
s,u
v
)
= β
ββ
n=1
vβ
k=1
1
n!
(Ο
2
)n
sin
(nΟ
2β
2Οku
v
)
(sβ 1)nβ1
+vβ
k=1
{
cos
(Οs
2β
2Οku
v
) ββ
n=0
(β1)n
n!Ξ³n
(k
v
)
(sβ 1)n
}
.(7)
οΏ½
By Leibnizβs rule for (3), we have
(8) (β1)nΞΆ(n)(
1β s,u
v
)
= 2β
a+b+c=na,b,cβ₯0
{(n
a, b, c
)
Ξ(a)(s)((2Οv)βs
)(b)H(c)
(
s,u
v
)}
,
8 SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
where
(n
a, b, c
)
:= n!/(a!b!c!). Consider the values of Ξ(a)(s), ((2Οv)βs)(b) and H(c)(s, u
v
)
in (8) at positive integers s. Let m be a positive integer. First, we have
(9) ((2Οv)βs)(b)s=m = (β log (2Οv))b(2Οv)βm.
Next, we consider the values of H(c)(m, u
v
)for positive integers m. For m β₯ 2, since
ΞΆ(s, k
v
)is holomorphic at s = m, we have
H(c)(
m,u
v
)
=vβ
k=1
cβ
i=0
(ci
)
Γ cos
(Οs
2β
2Οku
v
)(cβi)
s = m
Γ ΞΆ(i)(
m,k
v
)
= βvβ
k=1
cβ
i=0
{(ci
)
Γ(Ο
2
)cβisin
(Ο(m+ cβ iβ 1)
2β
2Οku
v
)
ΓΞΆ(i)(
m,k
v
)}
,
ΞΆ(i)(
m,k
v
)
=
ββ
β=0
(
β log
(
β+k
v
))i(
β+k
v
)βm.
On the other hand, for m = 1, since{
cos
(Οs
2β
2Οku
v
) ββ
n=0
(β1)n
n!Ξ³n
(k
v
)
(s β 1)n
}(c)
=
cβ
i=0
(ci
)
cos
(Οs
2β
2Οku
v
)(cβi)( ββ
n=0
(β1)n
n!Ξ³n
(k
v
)
(sβ 1)n
)(i)
,
and by (5), we have
hc,uv:=
vβ
k=1
{
cos
(Οs
2β
2Οku
v
) ββ
n=0
(β1)n
n!Ξ³n
(k
v
)
(sβ 1)n
}(c)
s = 1
=
vβ
k=1
cβ
i=0
(β1)i+1(ci
)(Ο
2
)cβisin
(Ο(cβ i)
2β
2Οku
v
)
Ξ³i
(k
v
)
.(10)
From (7),(10) and
vβ
k=1
sin2Οku
v= 0,
vβ
k=1
cos2Οku
v=
{
0 (u 6= v)
v (u = v),
we get
H(c)(
1,u
v
)
= Ξ΅c,uv+ hc,u
v,
Ξ΅c,uv:= β
vβ
k=1
1
c+ 1
(Ο
2
)c+1sin
((c+ 1)Ο
2β
2Οku
v
)
=
(β1)c2+1
c+ 1
(Ο
2
)c+1v (c β 2Z, u = v),
0 (otherwise).
We established the following lemma.
THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES ZETA FUNCTION 9
Lemma 10. For c β Zβ₯0, m β Z>0 and y = u/v β Q with 1 β€ u β€ v, we have
H(c)(m, y) =
βvβ
k=1
cβ
i=0
{(ci
)
Γ(Ο
2
)cβi
Γ sin
(Ο(m+ cβ iβ 1)
2β 2Οky
)
Γ ΞΆ(i)(
m,k
v
)}
(m β₯ 2),
Ξ΅c,y +
vβ
k=1
cβ
i=0
(β1)i+1(ci
)(Ο
2
)cβi
Γ sin
(Ο(cβ i)
2β 2Οky
)
Ξ³i
(k
v
)
(m = 1),
where
ΞΆ(i)(
m,k
v
)
=ββ
β=0
(
β log
(
β+k
v
))i(
β+k
v
)βm(m β₯ 2),
Ξ΅c,y =
(β1)c2+1
c+ 1
(Ο
2
)c+1v (c β 2Z, y = 1),
0 (otherwise).
Finally we consider the value Ξ(a)(m) for positive integers m. Coffey [6] pointed outthat the value is given by using the complete Bell polynomials Bn. For a positive integern, we define the complete Bell polynomial Bn = Bn(X1, . . . ,Xn) by
exp
ββ
j=1
Xjtj
j!
=
ββ
n=0
Bn(X1, . . . ,Xn)tn
n!,
and let B0 := 1 (see [7, Chap. III, Β§3.3]). It is known that these polynomials are integraland have the following explicit formulae.
Lemma 11. ([7, Chap. III, Β§3.3, Theorem A]) Let n β₯ 1. We have Bn(X1, . . . ,Xn) βZ[X1, . . . ,Xn] and
Bn(X1, . . . ,Xn) =β
Ο(n)
n!
k1!ks! Β· Β· Β· kn!
(X11!
)k1(X12!
)k2
Β· Β· Β·
(Xnn!
)kn
where
Ο(n) := {(k1, k2, . . . , kn) β Zn | k1, k2, . . . , kn β₯ 0, k1 + 2k2 + Β· Β· Β·+ nkn = n}.
We use Bn to give an explicit formula for the higher order derivatives of holomorphicfunctions.
Lemma 12. ([6, p3, Lemma 1]) Let f(s) and g(s) be holomorphic functions on an opensubset D of C satisfying f β²(s) = f(s)g(s). We have
f (n)(s)
(
:=
(d
ds
)n
f(s)
)
= f(s) Bn(g(s), gβ²(s), . . . , g(nβ1)(s)).
By applying Lemma 11 for the gamma function Ξ(s) and the psi function Ο(s) :=Ξβ²(s)/Ξ(s), we have
Ξ(n)(s) = Ξ(s) Bn(Ο(s), Οβ²(s), . . . , Ο(nβ1)(s))
10 SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
= Ξ(s)β
Ο(n)
n!
k1!k2! Β· Β· Β· kn!
(Ο(s)
1!
)k1(Οβ²(s)
2!
)k2
Β· Β· Β·
(
Ο(nβ1)(s)
n!
)kn
.
Since
Ο(1) =Ξβ²(1)
Ξ(1)=
β« β
0eβt log t dt = βΞ³,
Ο(s + 1) =Ξβ²(s+ 1)
Ξ(s+ 1)=
Ξ(s) + sΞβ²(s)
sΞ(s)=
1
s+ Ο(s),
we have
Ο(m+ 1) = βΞ³ +
mβ
k=1
1
k(m β Zβ₯1).
On the other hand, the value Ο(n)(m) for n β₯ 1 is obtained as follows. From theWeierstrass factorization theorem of the gamma function:
1
Ξ(s)= seΞ³s
ββ
n=1
(
1 +s
n
)
eβsn ,
we have
Ο(s) = βΞ³ +
ββ
n=1
(1
nβ
1
s+ nβ 1
)
,
and hence
Ο(n)(s) =
ββ
k=1
(β1)n+1n!
(k + sβ 1)n+1(n β Zβ₯1).
Therefore, we obtain
Ο(n)(m) = (β1)n+1n!
(
ΞΆ(n+ 1)βmβ1β
k=1
1
kn+1
)
(n,m β Zβ₯1).
We established the following lemma.
Lemma 13. For n β Zβ₯0 and m β Z>0, we have
Ξ(n)(m) = (mβ 1)!β
Ο(n)
n!
k1!k2! Β· Β· Β· kn!
(Ο(m)
1!
)k1(Οβ²(m)
2!
)k2
Β· Β· Β·
(
Ο(nβ1)(m)
n!
)kn
,
where
Ο(n) = {(k1, k2, . . . , kn) β Zn | k1, k2, . . . , kn β₯ 0, k1 + 2k2 + Β· Β· Β·+ nkn = n},
Ο(β)(m) =
βΞ³ +ββ
n=1
(1
nβ
1
m+ nβ 1
)
(β = 0),
(β1)β+1β!
(
ΞΆ(β+ 1)βmβ1β
k=1
1
kβ+1
)
(β β₯ 1).
Corollary 14. For n β Zβ₯0, we have
Ξ(n)(1) =β
Ο(n)
(β1)nn!
k1!k2! Β· Β· Β· kn!
(Ξ³
1
)k1(ΞΆ(2)
2
)k2(ΞΆ(3)
3
)k3
Β· Β· Β·
(ΞΆ(n)
n
)kn
.
THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES ZETA FUNCTION 11
Let y be a positive rational number, and put y = Y + u/v where Y β Zβ₯0 and u, v βZ, 1 β€ u β€ v. We have
ΞΆ(s, y) = ΞΆ(
s, Y +u
v
)
= ΞΆ(
s,u
v
)
β
Yβ1β
m=0
(
m+u
v
)βs.
By differentiating, we have
ΞΆ(j)(s, y) = ΞΆ(j)(
s,u
v
)
βYβ1β
m=0
{
β log(
m+u
v
)}j (
m+u
v
)βs.
From (8), we have
ΞΆ(j)(1β s, y) =(β1)j2β
a+b+c=ja,b,c>0
{(j
a, b, c
)
Ξ(a)(s)((2Οv)βs
)(b)H(c)
(
s,u
v
)}
β
Yβ1β
m=0
{
β log(
m+u
v
)}j (
m+u
v
)sβ1.(11)
Let w1 = r1/q1, . . . , wN = rN/qN (ri, qi β Z>0 for i = 1, 2, . . . , N) be positive rationalnumbers with gcd(ri, qi) = 1 for i = 1, 2, . . . , N and put
w := lcm(r1, . . . , rN )/gcd(q1, . . . , qN ), β1 := w/w1, . . . , βN := w/wN .
Furthermore, for a positive rational number x and non-negative integers k1, . . . , kN , weput
y(k1, . . . , kN ) := wβ1(x+ k1w1 + Β· Β· Β·+ kNwN )
= Y (k1, . . . , kN ) +u(k1, . . . , kN )
v(k1, . . . , kN ),
where Y (k1, . . . , kN ) β Zβ₯0 and u(k1, . . . , kN ), v(k1, . . . , kN ) β Z with 1 β€ u(k1, . . . , kN ) β€v(k1, . . . , kN ). From (2) and (11), we have
ΞΆ(n)N (βs, x | w1, . . . , wN ) =
1
(N β 1)!
nβ
j=0
(nj
)
(β logw)nβjws
Γ
β1β2β
k1=0
Β· Β· Β·
βNβ1β
kN=0
Nβ1β
k=0
C(k)N,y(k1,...,kN )
(0)
k!
(β1)
j2β
a+b+c=ja,b,c>0
{(j
a, b, c
)
Ξ(a)(s+ k + 1)
Γ(
(2Οv(k1, . . . , kN ))β(s+k+1)
)(b)H(c)
(
s+ k + 1,u(k1, . . . , kN )
v(k1, . . . , kN )
)}
β
Y (k1,...,kN )β1β
m=0
{
β log
(
m+u(k1, . . . , kN )
v(k1, . . . , kN )
)}j (
m+u(k1, . . . , kN )
v(k1, . . . , kN )
)s+k
.(12)
From (9), (12), and Lemmas 10, 13, we established the following theorem.
Theorem 15. Let w1 = r1/q1, . . . , wN = rN/qN (ri, qi β Z>0 for i = 1, 2, . . . , N) bepositive rational numbers with gcd(ri, qi) = 1 for i = 1, . . . , N and put
w := lcm(r1, . . . , rN )/gcd(q1, . . . , qN ), β1 := w/w1, . . . , βN := w/wN .
For any positive rational number x and β, n β Zβ₯0, we have
ΞΆ(n)N (ββ, x | w1, . . . , wN )
12 SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
=1
(N β 1)!
nβ
j=0
(nj
)
(β logw)nβjwββ1β1β
k1=0
Β· Β· Β·
βNβ1β
kN=0
Nβ1β
k=0
C(k)N,y(k1,...,kN )
(0)
k!
Γ
(β1)
j2β
a+b+c=ja,b,cβ₯0
{(j
a, b, c
)
Ξ(a)(β+ k + 1)(β log (2Οv(k1, . . . , kN )))b
Γ (2Οv(k1, . . . , kN ))β(β+k+1)H(c)
(
β+ k + 1,u(k1, . . . , kN )
v(k1, . . . , kN )
)}
β
Y (k1,...,kN )β1β
m=0
{
β log
(
m+u(k1, . . . , kN )
v(k1, . . . , kN )
)}j (
m+u(k1, . . . , kN )
v(k1, . . . , kN )
)β+k
,
where
y(k1, . . . , kN ) := wβ1(x+ k1w1 + Β· Β· Β·+ kNwN )
= Y (k1, . . . , kN ) + u(k1, . . . , kN )/v(k1, . . . , kN ),
Y (k1, . . . , kN ) β Zβ₯0, u(k1, . . . , kN ), v(k1, . . . , kN ) β Z>0,
1 β€ u(k1, . . . , kN ) β€ v(k1, . . . , kN ),
and H(c) (β+ k + 1, u(k1, . . . , kN )/v(k1, . . . , kN )), Ξ(a)(β+ k+ 1) are given by Lemmas 10
, 13, respectively.
Especially, considering β = 0, we get the following result.
Corollary 16. Let w1 = r1/q1, . . . , wN = rN/qN (ri, qi β Z>0 for i = 1, 2, . . . , N) bepositive rational numbers with gcd(ri, qi) = 1 for i = 1, . . . , N and put
w := lcm(r1, . . . , rN )/gcd(q1, . . . , qN ), β1 := w/w1, . . . , βN := w/wN .
For any positive rational number x and n β Zβ₯0, we have
ΞΆ(n)N (0, x | w1, . . . , wN )
=1
(N β 1)!
nβ
j=0
(nj
)
(β logw)nβjβ1β1β
k1=0
Β· Β· Β·
βNβ1β
kN=0
Nβ1β
k=0
C(k)N,y(k1,...,kN )
(0)
k!
Γ
(β1)j2
β
a+b+c=ja,b,cβ₯0
{(j
a, b, c
)
Ξ(a)(k + 1)(β log (2Οv(k1, . . . , kN )))b
Γ(2Οv(k1, . . . , kN ))β(k+1)H(c)
(
k + 1,u(k1, . . . , kN )
v(k1, . . . , kN )
)}
β
Y (k1,...,kN )β1β
m=0
{
β log
(
m+u(k1, . . . , kN )
v(k1, . . . , kN )
)}j (
m+u(k1, . . . , kN )
v(k1, . . . , kN )
)k
,
where
y(k1, . . . , kN ) := wβ1(x+ k1w1 + Β· Β· Β·+ kNwN )
= Y (k1, . . . , kN ) + u(k1, . . . , kN )/v(k1, . . . , kN ),
Y (k1, . . . , kN ) β Zβ₯0, u(k1, . . . , kN ), v(k1, . . . , kN ) β Z>0,
1 β€ u(k1, . . . , kN ) β€ v(k1, . . . , kN ),
THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES ZETA FUNCTION 13
and H(c) (k + 1, u(k1, . . . , kN )/v(k1, . . . , kN )), Ξ(a)(k + 1) are given by Lemmas 10, 13,
respectively.
The figures below show graphs of ΞΆ2(0, x | w1, w2) with x = 1/10, 1/20, 1/30 and 0 <w1 < 1, 0 < w2 < 1 drawn using Corollary 16.
Figure 3. ΞΆ2(0, 1/10 | w1, w2)
Figure 4. ΞΆ2(0, 1/20 | w1, w2)
Figure 5. ΞΆ2(0, 1/30 | w1, w2)
14 SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
The figures below show graphs of ΞΆ β²2(0, x | w1, w2) with x = 1/10, 1/20, 1/30 and 0 <w1 < 1, 0 < w2 < 1 drawn using Corollary 16.
Figure 6. ΞΆ β²2(0, 1/10 | w1, w2)
Figure 7. ΞΆ β²2(0, 1/20 | w1, w2)
Figure 8. ΞΆ β²2(0, 1/30 | w1, w2)
By applying Corollary 16 for w1 = Β· Β· Β· = wN = 1, we get the values of ΞΆ(n)N (0, x) =
ΞΆ(n)N (0, x | 1, . . . , 1).
THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES ZETA FUNCTION 15
Corollary 17. For any positive rational number x, we put x = X + u/v with X βZβ₯0, u, v β Z, 1 β€ u β€ v. For n β Zβ₯0, we have
ΞΆ(n)N (0, x)
=1
(N β 1)!
Nβ1β
k=0
C(k)N,x(0)
k!
(β1)n2
β
a+b+c=na,b,cβ₯0
{(n
a, b, c
)
Ξ(a)(k + 1)(β log (2Οv))b
Γ(2Οv)β(k+1)H(c)(
k + 1,u
v
)}
β
Xβ1β
m=0
{
β log(
m+u
v
)}n (
m+u
v
)k
]
,
where H(c)(k + 1, u/v) and Ξ(a)(k + 1) are given by Lemmas 10 and 13, respectively.
Since ΞΆ(s, x) = ΞΆ1(s, x | 1) = ΞΆ1(s, x) and ΞΆ(s) = ΞΆ(s, 1), we obtain the values at s = 0of higher order derivatives of the Hurwitz zeta function and the Riemann zeta function.
Corollary 18. For any positive rational number, we put x = X+u/v with X β Zβ₯0, u, v βZ, 1 β€ u β€ v. For n β Zβ₯0, we have
ΞΆ(n)(0, x) =(β1)n
Οv
β
a+b+c=na,b,cβ₯0
{(n
a, b, c
)
Ξ(a)(1)(β log (2Οv))bH(c)(
1,u
v
)}
β
Xβ1β
m=0
{
β log(
m+u
v
)}n
,
where
Ξ(a)(1) =β
Ο(a)
(β1)aa!
k1!k2! Β· Β· Β· ka!
(Ξ³
1
)k1(ΞΆ(2)
2
)k2(ΞΆ(3)
3
)k3
Β· Β· Β·
(ΞΆ(a)
a
)ka
,
and
H(c)(
1,u
v
)
= Ξ΅c,uv+
vβ
k=1
cβ
i=0
(β1)i+1(ci
)(Ο
2
)cβisin
(Ο(cβ i)
2β
2Οku
v
)
Ξ³i
(k
v
)
,
Ξ΅c,uv=
(β1)c2+1
c+ 1
(Ο
2
)c+1v (c β 2Z, u = v),
0 (otherwise).
Example 19. Let u, v β Z with 1 β€ u β€ v.
ΞΆ(
0,u
v
)
=
β1
2(u = v)
1
Οv
vβ
k=1
Ξ³0
(k
v
)
sin
(2Οku
v
)
(u 6= v)
ΞΆ β²(
0,u
v
)
=
β1
2(Ξ³ + log (2Οv)) +
1
2v
vβ
k=1
Ξ³0
(k
v
)
(u = v)
1
Οv
{
(Ξ³ + log (2Οv))
vβ
k=1
Ξ³0
(k
v
)
sin
(2Οku
v
)
+vβ
k=1
Ο
2Ξ³0
(k
v
)
cos
(2Οku
v
)
+ Ξ³1
(k
v
)
sin
(2Οku
v
)}
(u 6= v)
16 SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
The equations ΞΆ(0, x) = 12βx and ΞΆβ²(0, x)
(= β
βsΞΆ(s, x)s=0
)= log
(Ξ(x)β2Ο
)
([9]) are known,
but similar simple equations for the higher order derivatives ΞΆ(n)(0, x) = βn
βsnΞΆ(s, x)s=0 are
unknown.
Corollary 20. For any n β Zβ₯0, we have
ΞΆ(n)(0) =(β1)n
Ο
β
a+b+c=na,b,cβ₯0
{(n
a, b, c
)
Ξ(a)(1)(β log (2Ο))bH(c)(1, 1)
}
,
where
Ξ(a)(1) =β
Ο(a)
(β1)aa!
k1!k2! Β· Β· Β· ka!
(Ξ³
1
)k1(ΞΆ(2)
2
)k2(ΞΆ(3)
3
)k3
Β· Β· Β·
(ΞΆ(a)
a
)ka
,
and
H(c)(1, 1) = Ξ΅c,1 +
cβ
i=0
(β1)i+1(ci
)(Ο
2
)cβiΞ³i sin
Ο(cβ i)
2,
Ξ΅c,1 =
(β1)c2+1
c+ 1
(Ο
2
)c+1(c β 2Z),
0 (c 6β 2Z).
Example 21.
ΞΆ(0) = β1
2
ΞΆ β²(0) = β1
2log (2Ο)
ΞΆ β²β²(0) =Ο3
24β
1
2log2 (2Ο)β
1
2ΞΆ(2) +
1
2Ξ³2 β Ξ³1
Apostol [2, Theorem 3] has given another formula for ΞΆ(n)(0) involving the coefficientsof the Laurent expansion of Ξ(s)ΞΆ(s) at s = 1.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Prof. Shinya Koyama and Prof.Nobushige Kurokawa for useful advice.
THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES ZETA FUNCTION 17
Table 1: Ξ³n(x) for n = 0, . . . , 10
n Ξ³n(1)
0 0.577215664901532
1 β0.728158454836767 (-1)
2 β0.969036319287231 (-2)
3 0.205383442030334 (-2)
4 0.232537006546730 (-2)
5 0.793323817301062 (-3)
6 β0.238769345430199 (-3)
7 β0.527289567057751 (-3)
8 β0.352123353803039 (-3)
9 β0.343947744180880 (-4)
10 0.205332814909064 (-3)
n Ξ³n(12
)
0 1.963510026021423
1 β1.353459680804941
2 0.968864475220290
3 β0.667424273711380
4 0.459547445076771
5 β0.320812026677865
6 0.222019509755189
7 β0.153229125022779
8 0.106924377837182
9 β0.738304956274036 (-1)
10 0.509976576405138 (-1)
n Ξ³n(13
)
0 3.132033780020806
1 β3.259557515917910
2 3.619163909618964
3 β3.982394799471162
4 4.368702081667627
5 β4.800731842019795
6 5.275354220225243
7 β5.794291007961231
8 6.366130571415645
9 β6.994208805691668
10 7.683328767950750
n Ξ³n(23
)
0 1.318234415786588
1 β0.598906284285989
2 0.257412160840898
3 β0.973035546647373 (-1)
4 0.397278869525733 (-1)
5 β0.176373125264944 (-1)
6 0.612722828123768 (-2)
7 β0.260388126751116 (-2)
8 0.146782221630731 (-2)
9 β0.131712367415337 (-3)
10 0.264294195941530 (-3)
n Ξ³n(14
)
0 4.227453533376265
1 β5.518076350199403
2 7.679704425808516
3 β1.066143123379588 (1)
4 1.477301119821657 (1)
5 β2.047938290778997 (1)
6 2.839256318031732 (1)
7 β3.935918438256303 (1)
8 5.456344856174961 (1)
9 β7.564166352341146 (1)
10 1.048609204739940 (2)
n Ξ³n(34
)
0 1.085860879786472
1 β0.391298902404549
2 0.119376626018584
3 β0.276661223223528 (-1)
4 0.937466019667217 (-2)
5 β0.357873936586486 (-2)
6 0.931326315228971 (-5)
7 β0.398672736245695 (-3)
8 0.290439256227467 (-3)
9 0.321479008596310 (-3)
10 0.219468578979273 (-3)
18 SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
n Ξ³n(15
)
0 5.289039896592188
1 β8.030205511035976
2 1.294072189077527 (1)
3 β2.084865313923871 (1)
4 3.354832937201646 (1)
5 β5.399227025508818 (1)
6 8.689978858054436 (1)
7 β1.398587197999496 (2)
8 2.250936208372715 (2)
9 β3.622750759614857 (2)
10 5.830585578550786 (2)
n Ξ³n(25
)
0 2.561384544585115
1 β2.252808348497526
2 2.101723619623312
3 β1.926843649385201
4 1.760280019163508
5 β1.614874737399961
6 1.480202985145566
7 β1.355194441202952
8 1.242397051138749
9 β1.138425674804981
10 1.042680217903939
n Ξ³n(35
)
0 1.540619213893190
1 β0.830775485631480
2 0.445558885156065
3 β0.221000716029528
4 0.111965267766928
5 β0.591535886676098 (-1)
6 0.293449824908595 (-1)
7 β0.148191171354038 (-1)
8 0.814560226265020 (-2)
9 β0.371711703342400 (-2)
10 0.197805498252393 (-2)
n Ξ³n(45
)
0 0.965008566706138
1 β0.298163895437231
2 0.691268758704496 (-1)
3 β0.937007424313524 (-2)
4 0.398239404923361 (-2)
5 β0.137070601820030 (-2)
6 β0.627806476775229 (-3)
7 β0.365802273421131 (-3)
8 0.117098770639237 (-3)
9 0.310284896148254 (-3)
10 0.267047492693664 (-3)
n Ξ³n(16
)
0 6.332127505374915
1 β1.074258252954789 (1)
2 1.924993463979145 (1)
3 β3.451705746778220 (1)
4 6.184089238317568 (1)
5 β1.108012883745778 (2)
6 1.985320949131804 (2)
7 β3.557208608936910 (2)
8 6.373656573492860 (2)
9 β1.142006945298026 (3)
10 2.046201110829653 (3)
n Ξ³n(56
)
0 0.890729412672261
1 β0.246169003811390
2 0.448970524427169 (-1)
3 β0.266403147496967 (-2)
4 0.260762771145478 (-2)
5 β0.699649349006206 (-3)
6 β0.721017707414172 (-3)
7 β0.423192917324565 (-3)
8 0.251354361344485 (-4)
9 0.276380944841368 (-3)
10 0.287490064659336 (-3)
THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES ZETA FUNCTION 19
n Ξ³n(17
)
0 7.363980242224343
1 β1.362107052365825 (1)
2 2.649252111626674 (1)
3 β5.158107797983580 (1)
4 1.003677378100677 (2)
5 β1.953030740865246 (2)
6 3.800452158591942 (2)
7 β7.395331240804790 (2)
8 1.439064247993295 (3)
9 β2.800290799753117 (3)
10 5.449113683502010 (3)
n Ξ³n(27
)
0 3.685517980285815
1 β4.352556865459653
2 5.487899916675097
3 β6.886097431842962
4 8.619799249401384
5 β1.079897953461351 (1)
6 1.353029437152432 (1)
7 β1.694894294793400 (1)
8 2.123324386362879 (1)
9 β2.660072869760077 (1)
10 3.332374327198948 (1)
n Ξ³n(37
)
0 2.365818757294982
1 β1.939717510550862
2 1.679584427180398
3 β1.422359865429945
4 1.200489230755341
5 β1.019296928020903
6 0.863881400940876
7 β0.730973216427048
8 0.620042325457718
9 β0.525286352378200
10 0.444699423346678
n Ξ³n(47
)
0 1.648770734921077
1 β0.954605391777175
2 0.558221384139058
3 β0.306252038583967
4 0.169874901634284
5 β0.971636996174147 (-1)
6 0.536144972600240 (-1)
7 β0.296951535140083 (-1)
8 0.172492135056757 (-1)
9 β0.923832840667151 (-2)
10 0.518136728724386 (-2)
n Ξ³n(57
)
0 1.180181440339498
1 β0.471136327491078
2 0.168563618211536
3 β0.497603188404758 (-1)
4 0.177220775284988 (-1)
5 β0.712980817549124 (-2)
6 0.135331047274477 (-2)
7 β0.746428063630727 (-3)
8 0.529666001567594 (-3)
9 0.261692624503150 (-3)
10 0.189801688907283 (-3)
n Ξ³n(67
)
0 0.840395877730673
1 β0.213259276331916
2 0.311699364453950 (-1)
3 0.289212194168603 (-3)
4 0.220043971643164 (-2)
5 β0.386964870066445 (-3)
6 β0.717282021995928 (-3)
7 β0.467019935129325 (-3)
8 β0.381865633875891 (-4)
9 0.243894289901007 (-3)
10 0.294710945078304 (-3)
20 SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
n Ξ³n(18
)
0 8.388492663295854
1 β1.664171976360931 (1)
2 3.457864853977310 (1)
3 β7.193566477005933 (1)
4 1.495825302477861 (2)
5 β3.110439548091731 (2)
6 6.468007881336385 (2)
7 β1.344983870540879 (3)
8 2.796814410283284 (3)
9 β5.815813199921666 (3)
10 1.209364300472224 (4)
n Ξ³n(38
)
0 2.753999049145139
1 β2.577714402801239
2 2.566555681303016
3 β2.520207569548424
4 2.466146772558618
5 β2.420596446033305
6 2.374955632046392
7 β2.328242949240230
8 2.284195795705497
9 β2.240532126288400
10 2.197070670781933
n Ξ³n(58
)
0 1.452708764576566
1 β0.735380945923567
2 0.364318586143685
3 β0.164359032929736
4 0.767998354852073 (-1)
5 β0.379082612651699 (-1)
6 0.168702134274392 (-1)
7 β0.787273056952799 (-2)
8 0.421910898760802 (-2)
9 β0.152404257152755 (-2)
10 0.849663574077101 (-3)
n Ξ³n(78
)
0 0.804017071547695
1 β0.190659230534731
2 0.225351940036588 (-1)
3 0.174303989746742 (-2)
4 0.208255440133306 (-2)
5 β0.198869685584874 (-3)
6 β0.691680347581824 (-3)
7 β0.496083191761831 (-3)
8 β0.847309021478239 (-4)
9 0.215809157859313 (-3)
10 0.295874810380760 (-3)
n Ξ³n(19
)
0 9.407943277131832
1 β1.978671549677987 (1)
2 4.343592540110386 (1)
3 β9.547167002656365 (1)
4 2.097700742462369 (2)
5 β4.609072613142302 (2)
6 1.012719882034104 (3)
7 β2.225172598262015 (3)
8 4.889202868529442 (3)
9 β1.074267787866837 (4)
10 2.360407533835460 (4)
n Ξ³n(29
)
0 4.761235072755231
1 β6.746392522535578
2 1.017074247887400 (1)
3 β1.531608907429460 (1)
4 2.302993658432073 (1)
5 β3.463774665220799 (1)
6 5.210023484697115 (1)
7 β7.836159790939911 (1)
8 1.178617609313827 (2)
9 β1.772739899542268 (2)
10 2.666331072777717 (2)
THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES ZETA FUNCTION 21
n Ξ³n(49
)
0 2.266764187562898
1 β1.787926283609225
2 1.484947387960652
3 β1.202552897301359
4 0.970859833957256
5 β0.789492863557758
6 0.640313541609353
7 β0.518325616508155
8 0.421032124554191
9 β0.341300658412662
10 0.276439332765320
n Ξ³n(59
)
0 1.712816640339515
1 β1.031210137055049
2 0.631692055795577
3 β0.365498640277425
4 0.212990180044145
5 β0.127354660509799
6 0.741726328911679 (-1)
7 β0.432110690842741 (-1)
8 0.260562043339681 (-1)
9 β0.149228119600288 (-1)
10 0.874287265745430 (-2)
n Ξ³n(79
)
0 1.017230741372017
1 β0.337126606346973
2 0.891423036618103 (-1)
3 β0.160420645600365 (-1)
4 0.573107939178407 (-2)
5 β0.209899668885806 (-2)
6 β0.451311449453632 (-3)
7 β0.349057780582776 (-3)
8 0.184560727597335 (-3)
9 0.323014751941544 (-3)
10 0.247623084874959 (-3)
n Ξ³n(89
)
0 0.776488400269347
1 β0.174225220071331
2 0.166907047829024 (-1)
3 0.250962713382615 (-2)
4 0.206164677597227 (-2)
5 β0.684684161648000 (-4)
6 β0.662003643296816 (-3)
7 β0.515246671465318 (-3)
8 β0.120173772863621 (-3)
9 0.192046427416416 (-3)
10 0.294232904787688 (-3)
22 SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
Table 2: Ξ(n)(s) for n = 0, . . . , 10
Ξ(0)(s) = Ξ(s),
Ξ(1)(s) = Ξ(s)Ο(s),
Ξ(2)(s) = Ξ(s)(Ο(s)2 + Ο(1)(s)),
Ξ(3)(s) = Ξ(s)(Ο(s)3 + 3Ο(s)Ο(1)(s) + Ο(2)(s)),
Ξ(4)(s) = Ξ(s)(Ο(s)4 + 6Ο(s)2Ο(1)(s) + 4Ο(s)Ο(2)(s) + 3Ο(1)(s)2 + Ο(3)(s)),
Ξ(5)(s)
= Ξ(s)(Ο(s)5 + 10Ο(s)3Ο(1)(s) + 10Ο(s)2Ο(2)(s) + 15Ο(s)Ο(1)(s)2 + 5Ο(s)Ο(3)(s)
+10Ο(1)(s)Ο(2)(s) + Ο(4)(s)),
Ξ(6)(s)
= Ξ(s)(Ο(s)6 + 15Ο(s)4Ο(1)(s) + 20Ο(s)3Ο(2)(s) + 45Ο(s)2Ο(1)(s)2
+15Ο(s)2Ο(3)(s) + 60Ο(s)Ο(1)(s)Ο(2)(s) + 6Ο(s)Ο(4)(s) + 15Ο(1)(s)3
+15Ο(1)(s)Ο(3)(s) + 10Ο(2)(s)2 + Ο(5)(s)),
Ξ(7)(s)
= Ξ(s)(Ο(s)7 + 21Ο(s)5Ο(1)(s) + 35Ο(s)4Ο(2)(s) + 105Ο(s)3Ο(1)(s)2
+35Ο(s)3Ο(3)(s) + 210Ο(s)2Ο(1)(s)Ο(2)(s) + 21Ο(s)2Ο(4)(s) + 105Ο(s)Ο(1)(s)3
+105Ο(s)Ο(1)(s)Ο(3)(s) + 70Ο(s)Ο(2)(s)2 + 7Ο(s)Ο(5)(s) + 105Ο(1)(s)2Ο(2)(s)
+21Ο(1)(s)Ο(4)(s) + 35Ο(2)(s)Ο(3)(s) + Ο(6)(s)),
Ξ(8)(s)
= Ξ(s)(Ο(s)8 + 28Ο(s)6Ο(1)(s) + 56Ο(s)5Ο(2)(s) + 210Ο(s)4Ο(1)(s)2
+70Ο(s)4Ο(3)(s) + 560Ο(s)3Ο(1)(s)Ο(2)(s) + 56Ο(s)3Ο(4)(s) + 420Ο(s)2Ο(1)(s)3
+420Ο(s)2Ο(1)(s)Ο(3)(s) + 280Ο(s)2Ο(2)(s)2 + 28Ο(s)2Ο(5)(s)
+840Ο(s)Ο(1)(s)2Ο(2)(s) + 168Ο(s)Ο(1)(s)Ο(4)(s) + 280Ο(s)Ο(2)(s)Ο(3)(s)
+8Ο(s)Ο(6)(s) + 105Ο(1)(s)4 + 210Ο(1)(s)2Ο(3)(s) + 280Ο(1)(s)Ο(2)(s)2
+28Ο(1)(s)Ο(5)(s) + 56Ο(2)(s)Ο(4)(s) + 35Ο(3)(s)2 + Ο(7)(s)),
Ξ(9)(s)
= Ξ(s)(Ο(s)9 + 36Ο(s)7Ο(1)(s) + 84Ο(s)6Ο(2)(s) + 378Ο(s)5Ο(1)(s)2
+126Ο(s)5Ο(3)(s) + 1260Ο(s)4Ο(1)(s)Ο(2)(s) + 126Ο(s)4Ο(4)(s)
+1260Ο(s)3Ο(1)(s)3 + 1260Ο(s)3Ο(1)(s)Ο(3)(s) + 840Ο(s)3Ο(2)(s)2
+84Ο(s)3Ο(5)(s) + 3780Ο(s)2Ο(1)(s)2Ο(2)(s) + 756Ο(s)2Ο(1)(s)Ο(4)(s)
+1260Ο(s)2Ο(2)(s)Ο(3)(s) + 36Ο(s)2Ο(6)(s) + 945Ο(s)Ο(1)(s)4
+1890Ο(s)Ο(1)(s)2Ο(3)(s) + 2520Ο(s)Ο(1)(s)Ο(2)(s)2 + 252Ο(s)Ο(1)(s)Ο(5)(s)
+504Ο(s)Ο(2)(s)Ο(4)(s) + 315Ο(s)Ο(3)(s)2 + 9Ο(s)Ο(7)(s) + 1260Ο(1)(s)3Ο(2)(s)
+378Ο(1)(s)2Ο(4)(s) + 1260Ο(1)(s)Ο(2)(s)Ο(3)(s) + 36Ο(1)(s)Ο(6)(s) + 280Ο(2)(s)3
+84Ο(2)(s)Ο(5)(s) + 126Ο(3)(s)Ο(4)(s) + Ο(8)(s)),
Ξ(10)(s)
= Ξ(s)(Ο(s)10 + 45Ο(s)8Ο(1)(s) + 120Ο(s)7Ο(2)(s) + 630Ο(s)6Ο(1)(s)2
+210Ο(s)6Ο(3)(s) + 2520Ο(s)5Ο(1)(s)Ο(2)(s) + 252Ο(s)5Ο(4)(s)
+3150Ο(s)4Ο(1)(s)3 + 3150Ο(s)4Ο(1)(s)Ο(3)(s) + 2100Ο(s)4Ο(2)(s)2
THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES ZETA FUNCTION 23
+210Ο(s)4Ο(5)(s) + 12600Ο(s)3Ο(1)(s)2Ο(2)(s) + 2520Ο(s)3Ο(1)(s)Ο(4)(s)
+4200Ο(s)3Ο(2)(s)Ο(3)(s) + 120Ο(s)3Ο(6)(s) + 4725Ο(s)2Ο(1)(s)4
+9450Ο(s)2Ο(1)(s)2Ο(3)(s) + 12600Ο(s)2Ο(1)(s)Ο(2)(s)2
+1260Ο(s)2Ο(1)(s)Ο(5)(s) + 2520Ο(s)2Ο(2)(s)Ο(4)(s) + 1575Ο(s)2Ο(3)(s)2
+45Ο(s)2Ο(7)(s) + 12600Ο(s)Ο(1)(s)3Ο(2)(s) + 3780Ο(s)Ο(1)(s)2Ο(4)(s)
+12600Ο(s)Ο(1)(s)Ο(2)(s)Ο(3)(s) + 360Ο(s)Ο(1)(s)Ο(6)(s) + 2800Ο(s)Ο(2)(s)3
+840Ο(s)Ο(2)(s)Ο(5)(s) + 1260Ο(s)Ο(3)(s)Ο(4)(s) + 10Ο(s)Ο(8)(s) + 945Ο(1)(s)5
+3150Ο(1)(s)3Ο(3)(s) + 6300Ο(1)(s)2Ο(2)(s)2 + 630Ο(1)(s)2Ο(5)(s)
+2520Ο(1)(s)Ο(2)(s)Ο(4)(s) + 1575Ο(1)(s)Ο(3)(s)2 + 45Ο(1)(s)Ο(7)(s)
+2100Ο(2)(s)2Ο(3)(s) + 120Ο(2)(s)Ο(6)(s) + 210Ο(3)(s)Ο(5)(s) + 126Ο(4)(s)2
+Ο(9)(s)).
Table 3: Ξ(n)(1) for n = 0, . . . , 10
Ξ(0)(1) = 1,
Ξ(1)(1) = βΞ³,
Ξ(2)(1) = Ξ³2 + ΞΆ(2),
Ξ(3)(1) = βΞ³3 β 3Ξ³ΞΆ(2)β 2ΞΆ(3),
Ξ(4)(1) = Ξ³4 + 6Ξ³2ΞΆ(2) + 8Ξ³ΞΆ(3) + 3ΞΆ(2)2 + 6ΞΆ(4),
Ξ(5)(1)
= βΞ³5 β 10Ξ³3ΞΆ(2)β 20Ξ³2ΞΆ(3)β 15Ξ³ΞΆ(2)2 β 30Ξ³ΞΆ(4) β 20ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(3) β 24ΞΆ(5),
Ξ(6)(1)
= Ξ³6 + 15Ξ³4ΞΆ(2) + 40Ξ³3ΞΆ(3) + 45Ξ³2ΞΆ(2)2 + 90Ξ³2ΞΆ(4) + 120Ξ³ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(3)
+144Ξ³ΞΆ(5) + 15ΞΆ(2)3 + 90ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(4) + 40ΞΆ(3)2 + 120ΞΆ(6),
Ξ(7)(1)
= βΞ³7 β 21Ξ³5ΞΆ(2)β 70Ξ³4ΞΆ(3)β 105Ξ³3ΞΆ(2)2 β 210Ξ³3ΞΆ(4)
β420Ξ³2ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(3)β 504Ξ³2ΞΆ(5)β 105Ξ³ΞΆ(2)3 β 630Ξ³ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(4) β 280Ξ³ΞΆ(3)2
β840Ξ³ΞΆ(6) β 210ΞΆ(2)2ΞΆ(3)β 504ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(5) β 420ΞΆ(3)ΞΆ(4) β 720ΞΆ(7),
Ξ(8)(1)
= Ξ³8 + 28Ξ³6ΞΆ(2) + 112Ξ³5ΞΆ(3) + 210Ξ³4ΞΆ(2)2 + 420Ξ³4ΞΆ(4) + 1120Ξ³3ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(3)
+1344Ξ³3ΞΆ(5) + 420Ξ³2ΞΆ(2)3 + 2520Ξ³2ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(4) + 1120Ξ³2ΞΆ(3)2 + 3360Ξ³2ΞΆ(6)
+1680Ξ³ΞΆ(2)2ΞΆ(3) + 4032Ξ³ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(5) + 3360Ξ³ΞΆ(3)ΞΆ(4) + 5760Ξ³ΞΆ(7) + 105ΞΆ(2)4
+1260ΞΆ(2)2ΞΆ(4) + 1120ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(3)2 + 3360ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(6) + 2688ΞΆ(3)ΞΆ(5)
+1260ΞΆ(4)2 + 5040ΞΆ(8),
Ξ(9)(1)
= βΞ³9 β 36Ξ³7ΞΆ(2)β 168Ξ³6ΞΆ(3)β 378Ξ³5ΞΆ(2)2 β 756Ξ³5ΞΆ(4)
β2520Ξ³4ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(3) β 3024Ξ³4ΞΆ(5)β 1260Ξ³3ΞΆ(2)3 β 7560Ξ³3ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(4)β 3360Ξ³3ΞΆ(3)2
β10080Ξ³3ΞΆ(6)β 7560Ξ³2ΞΆ(2)2ΞΆ(3)β 18144Ξ³2ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(5) β 15120Ξ³2ΞΆ(3)ΞΆ(4)
β25920Ξ³2ΞΆ(7)β 945Ξ³ΞΆ(2)4 β 11340Ξ³ΞΆ(2)2ΞΆ(4)β 10080Ξ³ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(3)2
β30240Ξ³ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(6) β 24192Ξ³ΞΆ(3)ΞΆ(5) β 11340Ξ³ΞΆ(4)2 β 45360Ξ³ΞΆ(8)
24 SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
β2520ΞΆ(2)3ΞΆ(3)β 9072ΞΆ(2)2ΞΆ(5)β 15120ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(3)ΞΆ(4) β 25920ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(7)
β2240ΞΆ(3)3 β 20160ΞΆ(3)ΞΆ(6) β 18144ΞΆ(4)ΞΆ(5) β 40320ΞΆ(9),
Ξ(10)(1)
= Ξ³10 + 45Ξ³8ΞΆ(2) + 240Ξ³7ΞΆ(3) + 630Ξ³6ΞΆ(2)2 + 1260Ξ³6ΞΆ(4) + 5040Ξ³5ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(3)
+6048Ξ³5ΞΆ(5) + 3150Ξ³4ΞΆ(2)3 + 18900Ξ³4ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(4) + 8400Ξ³4ΞΆ(3)2 + 25200Ξ³4ΞΆ(6)
+25200Ξ³3ΞΆ(2)2ΞΆ(3) + 60480Ξ³3ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(5) + 50400Ξ³3ΞΆ(3)ΞΆ(4) + 86400Ξ³3ΞΆ(7)
+4725Ξ³2ΞΆ(2)4 + 56700Ξ³2ΞΆ(2)2ΞΆ(4) + 50400Ξ³2ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(3)2 + 151200Ξ³2ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(6)
+120960Ξ³2ΞΆ(3)ΞΆ(5) + 56700Ξ³2ΞΆ(4)2 + 226800Ξ³2ΞΆ(8) + 25200Ξ³ΞΆ(2)3ΞΆ(3)
+90720Ξ³ΞΆ(2)2ΞΆ(5) + 151200Ξ³ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(3)ΞΆ(4) + 259200Ξ³ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(7) + 22400Ξ³ΞΆ(3)3
+201600Ξ³ΞΆ(3)ΞΆ(6) + 181440Ξ³ΞΆ(4)ΞΆ(5) + 403200Ξ³ΞΆ(9) + 945ΞΆ(2)5 + 18900ΞΆ(2)3ΞΆ(4)
+25200ΞΆ(2)2ΞΆ(3)2 + 75600ΞΆ(2)2ΞΆ(6) + 120960ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(3)ΞΆ(5) + 56700ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(4)2
+226800ΞΆ(2)ΞΆ(8) + 50400ΞΆ(3)2ΞΆ(4) + 172800ΞΆ(3)ΞΆ(7) + 151200ΞΆ(4)ΞΆ(6)
+72576ΞΆ(5)2 + 362880ΞΆ(10).
Table 4: ΞΆ(n)2 (0, x) for n = 0, . . . , 10
n ΞΆ(n)2 (0, 1)
0 β0.08333333333333331 β0.1654211437004512 β0.2502044241096003 β0.3825315249197724 β0.7474864328370225 β1.873851239295046 β5.626822125842737 β19.68668837240068 β78.74957271962419 β354.37603606952010 β1771.87418572639
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 12)
0 0.04166666666666671 β0.1194573558130922 β0.7666507697643553 β3.033535457733914 β12.52293364980485 β61.71592085894156 β365.5118598072677 β2539.611865194768 β20238.69701185149 β181794.33687053710 β1816171.85048653
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 13)
0 0.1388888888888891 0.1380476109095092 β0.3933807828526113 β3.039923534479754 β15.29236421857875 β80.27804198318066 β483.8650422616547 β3377.755485337198 β26956.62943472509 β242272.04251902510 β2420969.31389048
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 23
)
0 β0.02777777777777781 β0.2192251999980872 β0.7353138417409363 β2.306872810118854 β8.727544235151375 β41.86213250498116 β245.6198126714867 β1699.687308196628 β13518.74828632489 β121314.37452677810 β1211371.87588641
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 14)
0 0.1979166666666671 0.3703808625903152 0.1467766884141823 β2.204933290465114 β15.05290494775875 β86.75855689901766 β538.5263423269817 β3789.846313930938 β30305.11070450799 β272495.46400061810 β2723345.65914960
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 34)
0 β0.05208333333333331 β0.2311269784884932 β0.6480930364918843 β1.853760282192284 β6.746561523929735 β31.87036853175666 β185.6247054896427 β1279.688553410678 β10158.74867595349 β91074.375396390110 β908971.875589861
THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES ZETA FUNCTION 25
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 15
)
0 0.2366666666666671 0.5672829965674902 0.7124243360187893 β1.003299822387314 β13.23521633710145 β87.07961773496326 β564.2452587137527 β4023.713992883398 β32289.73271551879 β290585.91979478210 β2904695.26233644
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 25)
0 0.09666666666666671 0.009410863281159032 β0.6194798137368033 β3.195788281405004 β14.44637373874865 β73.23175067722426 β437.0309297415047 β3043.145525474668 β24270.25421576549 β218081.91835358010 β2179051.45839912
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 35)
0 β0.003333333333333331 β0.1931678141051932 β0.7764147232915913 β2.637043867522504 β10.28669626824225 β49.83930142391086 β293.6057373587857 β2035.680082919278 β16206.74481526029 β145506.37197930710 β1453291.87496779
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 45
)
0 β0.06333333333333331 β0.2289269349263162 β0.5816740273235363 β1.568599853776294 β5.549868289153535 β25.87164816191356 β149.6257079613397 β1027.688320740338 β8142.748693356209 β72930.375703020110 β727531.875282966
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 16)
0 0.2638888888888891 0.7352816772618442 1.265232172632393 0.3776142324833084 β10.43739154005175 β83.41079379871506 β572.5370460385307 β4160.398750530128 β33572.52367008359 β302564.04060346510 β3025430.84034503
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 56)
0 β0.06944444444444441 β0.2240461982214492 β0.5328331402096313 β1.374857047365344 β4.750432915906875 β21.87204451441016 β125.6261174409527 β859.6880619545688 β6798.748746093129 β60834.375861199810 β606571.875067509
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 17
)
0 0.2840136054421771 0.8808472227068292 1.794089665047543 1.848921326338204 β6.977023099352795 β76.83401250610566 β568.4767755767697 β4234.037888275758 β34433.17052381829 β310994.33375851210 β3111393.42894330
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 27)
0 0.1717687074829931 0.2588728574600502 β0.1311355272596263 β2.687046692447234 β15.42724105736695 β84.50731192863276 β516.0439301789737 β3614.843880985798 β28872.68493202459 β259546.77396683010 β2593762.35357214
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 37)
0 0.07993197278911571 β0.03424587060453442 β0.6805058100109223 β3.185498873222094 β13.95100258294155 β70.01193949834266 β416.6812361273387 β2899.374607513728 β23118.48526412489 β207714.14857563310 β2075371.68506199
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 47
)
0 0.008503401360544231 β0.1767420564868732 β0.7837664344028643 β2.765267513124634 β10.94230077922345 β53.24827099165336 β314.1639486348007 β2179.671911104118 β17358.74005913489 β155874.36878085010 β1556971.87318392
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 57)
0 β0.04251700680272111 β0.2285746924455282 β0.6895393715356753 β2.052069771913214 β7.598341888696585 β36.15398686756906 β211.3376746051677 β1459.688436399628 β11598.74864659099 β104034.37511230410 β1038571.87577330
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 67)
0 β0.07312925170068031 β0.2190173903390062 β0.4960415557578963 β1.235119327991334 β4.178936187157635 β19.01511287527356 β108.4834820359887 β739.6878575315228 β5838.748810266839 β52194.375950716210 β520171.874914798
26 SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 18
)
0 0.2994791666666671 1.008877115893712 2.296606015596603 3.363661495219184 β3.045830204346835 β67.99649722934716 β554.7762595150017 β4261.562456585038 β35009.14920020909 β317147.39880585010 β3175460.16831317
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 38)
0 0.1119791666666671 0.05290104244475692 β0.5500877558493623 β3.171629422561634 β14.82499829829115 β75.97023822799906 β454.7325475811857 β3168.814257527618 β25277.89473546359 β227153.53357604910 β2269771.05140090
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 58)
0 β0.01302083333333331 β0.2048540826810842 β0.7645992699127493 β2.517677845518204 β9.705990202592905 β46.85074358609656 β275.6129914513507 β1909.684104759748 β15198.74688998199 β136434.37340164610 β1362571.87560740
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 78
)
0 β0.07552083333333331 β0.2144475149830982 β0.4675154496895533 β1.129711347357394 β3.750146727669025 β16.87240687872496 β95.62647572963347 β649.6876998994558 β5118.748872711029 β45714.376004278910 β455371.874803070
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 19)
0 0.3117283950617281 1.122953871155422 2.773425907714463 4.895259079856524 1.230908343113255 β57.33147039967416 β533.1021269529967 β4252.444027568718 β35375.50612835119 β321720.74469889110 β3224749.19860890
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 29)
0 0.2191358024691361 0.4729014487881092 0.4298415530137773 β1.634815936801044 β14.29432074273385 β87.51431431777306 β554.0470524137177 β3922.272199970208 β31412.56001073439 β282554.98040866710 β2824112.62238708
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 49
)
0 0.07098765432098771 β0.05596871776001062 β0.7071303785020883 β3.165449147400544 β13.65342691998755 β68.19292137851556 β405.3382789319337 β2819.457661427038 β22478.56376293329 β201954.22201035310 β2017771.75287427
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 59)
0 0.01543209876543211 β0.1661045465607202 β0.7846748272143683 β2.832040751437894 β11.30183545565345 β55.13804637020616 β325.5818621226737 β2259.664804423598 β17998.73556260969 β161634.36569503010 β1614571.87126871
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 79)
0 β0.05864197530864201 β0.2306957312840942 β0.6122917668868413 β1.696261070848054 β6.082191176488855 β28.53789635797096 β165.6253401344067 β1139.688457896698 β9038.748679606939 β80994.375577261410 β808171.875423527
n ΞΆ(n)2
(0, 89
)
0 β0.07716049382716051 β0.2104388305240532 β0.4448195786161643 β1.047419580054404 β3.416576145336575 β15.20586203368156 β85.62656613892407 β579.6875767355088 β4558.748929303809 β40674.376037615210 β404971.874718718
THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES ZETA FUNCTION 27
Table 5: ΞΆ(n)3 (0, x) for n = 0, . . . , 10
n ΞΆ(n)3 (0, 1)
0 β0.04166666666666671 β0.09793480037942212 β0.1579839701485133 β0.2328719825496034 β0.4229529191691335 β1.017602319059446 β2.979127345486787 β10.22756351789478 β40.39810282744579 β180.26156599601810 β896.179304719780
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 12
)
0 0.04166666666666671 β0.06471748563119782 β0.5579975400151123 β2.317018904528644 β9.572146761325465 β46.79982918179766 β275.6754874011027 β1909.995724345988 β15199.72218667939 β136437.40876839910 β1362582.09289135
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 13)
0 0.1188271604938271 0.1479249709455402 β0.2595353220908323 β2.471198585425194 β12.79769906151935 β67.34127671476026 β404.9672499187907 β2821.419658304078 β22490.77966509349 β202014.17763992510 β2018074.86791619
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 23)
0 β0.007716049382716041 β0.1365877882366352 β0.5076500633432043 β1.611834648557854 β5.986637555491335 β28.29913328545156 β164.8457873573317 β1136.790754602138 β9026.647789560289 β80938.383918370310 β807886.806436587
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 14
)
0 0.1692708333333331 0.3537039174079722 0.2236616436937003 β1.773820924330064 β13.03653624288145 β76.06085152292356 β472.5980499530757 β3322.650872340348 β26545.82311124859 β238567.13089497610 β2383598.86912902
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 34)
0 β0.02343750000000001 β0.1426591033643262 β0.4325264239639283 β1.232505932891634 β4.360140045871365 β20.23387002472926 β116.8821544208877 β802.6515835473948 β6360.085302121409 β56968.853763820910 β568339.149985826
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 15)
0 0.2036666666666671 0.5339968179358932 0.7494070728402083 β0.6750885381855884 β11.58607157637435 β78.12513881818956 β508.4986532519877 β3626.802917473958 β29088.78232285679 β261664.90574795910 β2614933.06598909
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 25
)
0 0.08433333333333331 0.03884393979318572 β0.4492422853243123 β2.547563012743574 β11.68925868384455 β59.10342578985916 β351.3576086110007 β2440.697533392588 β19440.75453051289 β174574.82811119410 β1743782.88776024
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 35)
0 0.009000000000000001 β0.1192677153660062 β0.5494880197992133 β1.913187088740994 β7.381974642057715 β35.33511159345916 β206.8066629683457 β1429.295749304918 β11361.49462286349 β101928.40628802910 β1017668.93032397
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 45)
0 β0.03033333333333331 β0.1398770376260322 β0.3803352896599343 β1.011688764824454 β3.455992505294895 β15.79109027108716 β90.50210294973007 β618.9670210656998 β4894.547620594079 β43796.735498625810 β436706.555908710
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 16
)
0 0.2283950617283951 0.6908151667374412 1.273401506980863 0.6288016834980674 β9.066543015585105 β75.78505580726836 β524.5782010144547 β3817.343985057558 β30799.79804367669 β277485.23924366110 β2774031.70649782
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 56)
0 β0.03395061728395061 β0.1358848488466022 β0.3438855858897733 β0.8691845665606174 β2.884865751262935 β12.99547261878866 β73.91515923444987 β503.5105101990358 β3973.522559056339 β35519.323284836410 β353991.493150366
28 SHINPEI SAKANE AND MIHO AOKI
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 17)
0 0.2469630709426631 0.8284024321638492 1.780661114033453 2.040991804258934 β5.821369247919195 β70.23897711948356 β526.5703888386627 β3932.880520707068 β31993.74828969149 β288906.82716055510 β2889865.05405166
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 27
)
0 0.1466229348882411 0.2538007086069792 β0.02833007994903283 β2.191760152503444 β13.18543113381495 β72.74802341154386 β443.9450317008327 β3105.159672190958 β24776.29929212059 β222597.21295459110 β2223866.56812057
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 37)
0 0.07106413994169101 0.002962680112195752 β0.4972791968771883 β2.511527079512034 β11.11407461656875 β55.53613578666946 β329.0837444466397 β2284.021424467238 β18187.99271186159 β163308.24749045910 β1631165.63243631
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 47)
0 0.01737123420796891 β0.1076123560920102 β0.5599709265026023 β2.037305522203624 β7.999966455465045 β38.50396693560336 β225.7623453029837 β1561.507074492068 β12416.99713003069 β111417.84237304610 β1112512.69628522
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 57
)
0 β0.01737123420796891 β0.1418822898595862 β0.4670119741089993 β1.394066227722134 β5.039628336715645 β23.58979737607166 β136.8265139024637 β941.5688081583568 β7468.612215630189 β66932.938190863110 β667916.717112838
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 67)
0 β0.03607871720116621 β0.1321333287228422 β0.3173672651659643 β0.7701264787871094 β2.492748477844435 β11.08017819885096 β62.55707234955617 β424.4701109077848 β3343.076123653079 β29853.743110506610 β297377.876882709
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 18)
0 0.2613932291666671 0.9504774076715062 2.266451854701823 3.509165207853544 β2.060551840674635 β62.21911847266856 β517.6770574511967 β3993.703155896858 β32834.70450569689 β297438.36326932010 β2977684.86265322
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 38
)
0 0.09667968750000001 0.07521673393614602 β0.3925099856667493 β2.550029013430084 β12.15379318834135 β62.22627863983376 β371.2250375762997 β2581.033316754788 β20563.76378666919 β184675.90283562910 β1844752.77750484
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 58)
0 0.002278645833333331 β0.1272747118504902 β0.5363156424961013 β1.801474525651274 β6.850222493879035 β32.63700302754946 β190.6982947003957 β1316.982699322478 β10464.92783597939 β93868.148354339310 β937110.634172959
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 78)
0 β0.03743489583333331 β0.1288790159505282 β0.2973233316511663 β0.6974577904705374 β2.207409724815195 β9.688351537491296 β54.30633612879397 β367.0647995199428 β2885.241317699809 β25739.557966201010 β256267.664678424
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 19
)
0 0.2729195244627341 1.059950922792442 2.729964417354483 5.003230271548774 2.078349691214185 β52.21649591471226 β499.9005655022987 β4011.594345234158 β33416.04396292569 β303941.63109230210 β3046248.50236030
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 29)
0 0.1879858253315041 0.4470346771581152 0.4850645446675993 β1.258994137957524 β12.47452853462425 β77.74804933987386 β493.5530354101357 β3492.568058813708 β27951.01531521009 β251296.49122751410 β2511015.05106299
THE HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF THE BARNES ZETA FUNCTION 29
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 49)
0 0.06407178783721991 β0.01461892867942282 β0.5173777701043003 β2.479330348396474 β10.78062213333615 β53.56638455162136 β316.9257828923837 β2198.712708819378 β17506.18627349629 β157176.98157652110 β1569880.43247900
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 59
)
0 0.02234796524919981 β0.09987636670725792 β0.5633442754941853 β2.103940064823354 β8.347056525891305 β40.30266773259376 β236.5439452600397 β1636.733016258058 β13017.60777533829 β116817.75000965010 β1166483.67644409
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 79)
0 β0.02749199817101051 β0.1416251027234562 β0.4039836899667393 β1.108897519243644 β3.850900438838085 β17.72876713438356 β102.0044214731277 β699.0490899126558 β5533.453247178219 β49539.010290984310 β494089.931065099
n ΞΆ(n)3
(0, 89)
0 β0.03835162322816641 β0.1261080208237532 β0.2816849060525523 β0.6419503171229674 β1.990696020723765 β8.632284259903486 β48.04781165242037 β323.5273302902968 β2538.036480538239 β22619.636178563610 β225093.055185326
References
1. T. M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer, 1976.2. T. M. Apostol, Formulas for higher derivatives of the Riemann zeta function, Math. Comp. 44, no. 169
(1985), 223β232.3. T. M. Apostol, Zeta and Related Functions, NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions, U. S. Dept.
Commerce, Washington, DC, 2010, pp. 601β616.3. E. W. Barnes, The theory of the double gamma function, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. (A) 196 (1901),
265β387.4. E. W. Barnes, On the theory of the multiple gamma function, Trans. Camb. Philos. Soc. 19 (1904),
374β425.5. B. C. Berndt, On the Hurwitz zeta function, Rochy Mountain J. Math. 2 (1972), 151-157.6. M. W. Coffey, A set of identities for a class of alternating binomial sums arising in computing appli-
cations, Utilitas Mathematica 76 (2008), 79β90.7. L. Comtet, Advanced combinatorics, The art of finite and infinite expansions, Revised and enlarged
edition. D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, 1974.8. S. Koyama and N. Kurokawa, Kummerβs formula for multiple gamma functions, J. Ramanujan Math.
Soc. 18 (2003), 87β107.9. M. Lerch, DalΜsi studie v oboru MalmsteΜnovskyΜch rΜad, Rozpravy CΜeskeΜ Akad. veΜd 3 (1894), 1β61.
Department of Information Systems Design and Data Science, Interdisciplinary Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
Email address: [email protected]
Department of Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Faculty of Science and Engineering, Shi-
mane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
Email address: [email protected]
References