Arup Offshore Wind Energy c2016 US

Offshore Wind Services Foundation Design, Concept and Innovation2016

Arup Energy ServicesOffshore Wind Turbine Foundations

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Introduction

Arup is a global, independent firm of designers, planners, engineers, consultants and technical specialists.

Our markets include Offshore Wind, Grid Interconnections and Energy Storage.

We are one of the largest and most successful international engineering consultancies.

Over 13,000 staff working in 40 countries through more than 92 offices and an annual turnover of over $1.1bn.

The firm opened its first US office over 30 years ago and now employs 1,300 people in the Americas.

Arup is a wholly independent organisation owned in trust. With no shareholders or external investors the firm is able to independently determine its own priorities and direction as a business.

Arup

Infrastructure Design

Specialist ServicesEconomics & Planning

Building Design Management Consulting


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Why Arup?Our Global ResourcesArup Office Location Globally

Australia

Botswana

Brazil

Brunei

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Greater China

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Russia

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UAE

UK

USA

Vietnam

Zimbabwe

New Zealand

For over 30 years Arup has been active in the feasibility assessment, development, design, construction, commissioning, sale and acquisition of power generation and related infrastructure projects throughout the world.

Arup has delivered owner’s engineer, due diligence and lenders technical advisory roles for numerous renewable energy projects globally.


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Why Arup?

Arup Renewable Energy Hubs

USA

Wind and Solar

Energy Storage Battery and Compressed Air

Spain

Wind and Solar

UK

Wind, Biomass, Solar, Waste Energy, Hydro

Energy Storage Battery and Compressed Air

South Africa

Wind, Solar, Biomass, Hydro

Australia

Wind and Solar

Our Renewable Energy Hubs Arup is not confined by geography; we work as a global team and pull in expertise when needed.

Our expertise ranges from financial feasibility through to detailed design, providing a combined offering unique to investors and developers.

We provide expertise combined with robust methodology to create assurance for clients.

Arup is providing Lender’s Technical Advisory and Owner’s Engineer Services from pre-bid to commercial operation on over 2,000MW of CSP, PV, wind and hydro projects.

Grid connection assessments

Development of outline Business Case as well as financial viability and payback

Financial Incentive Mechanisms

Planning application technical support- Environmental management- Consultations with local authorities- EIA scoping- Geotechnical assessment - Visual impact assessment- Ecological impact assessment- Transport planning assessment- Flood risk assessment- Archaeological and cultural impact assessment


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Why Arup?

For over 30 years Arup has been active in the feasibility assessment, development, design, construction, commissioning, sale and acquisition of offshore energy projects throughout the world.

Since 2001, Arup has a developed proven track record as leaders in the development of Offshore Wind Energy projects. Through the extensive capability of our integrated, multidisciplinary teams, the firm has provided engineering design and business consultancy services on more than 50 offshore wind developments.

Arup has a history of successful and established technical expertise in Offshore Wind Foundations (OWF). These include monopiles, grouted connections, piled jackets, XL monopiles, self-installing gravity foundations, suction buckets and foundation remediation and integrity. Our hallmarks are: integrated and collaborative engineering, global best practices and client oriented responsiveness. Our collective knowledge allows us to not only help developers effectively evaluate projects and deal opportunities, but to help our clients design and develop bankable energy technology assets.

Arup recently won the 2015 Management Consultancy award.


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Why Arup?

We provide services which cover all aspects of planning, advisory, engineering and management across all project phases. Our roles include (amongst others) owner's engineer, designer, contractor's engineer and asset manager.

Our Renewables Experience

Arup is able to provide comprehensive services for many aspects in the development of a project. We can offer financial and technical services, providing a seamless integrated service.

Through one adviser we are able to process and manage relationships and flow of information between teams within Arup, calling on the most appropriate expertise.

An integrated approach means a seamless service to deliver your project objectives.

This type of integrated approach enables us to help you maximise the return from your investment, and we are able to provide better informed advice.


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Offshore Wind Infrastructure Solutions

Substructure Engineered Solutions

The offshore wind market continues to grow in Europe and now has is first commercial application off the East Coast of the US. Offshore foundations for wind in Europe are now dominated by monopiles, but this is changing.

Wind farm installations in Europe are moving further offshore into waters that are deeper, with increased waves and bigger turbines. To cope, monopiles are becoming enormous in size, opening the door for other foundations like steel jackets, self-installing, suction bucket and driven piles.

Future wind farms will need to innovate to reduce costs, whilst managing the overall risk of bringing an improved or new concept into the industry. We have aproven track record of developing viable innovative ideas with our clients with a clear focus to lower the LCOE.

Through Arup leading expertise in offshore structures and foundations, we have lead key designs for OWFs including; • XL monopiles for +10MW turbines• Optimized HVDC/HVAC substation design• Suction bucket foundations• Self installing steel jacket and CGS

• Foundation integrity

A: Substation HVAC/HVDCArup monopile foundation with an optimized HVDC substation design. Arup has maximized the efficiency of design of both the foundation and the electrical systems design to lower costs and improve performance. B: Suction Bucket Jacket FoundationArup has completed design studies and attended offshore trials for the Aberdeen OWF using suction buckets which lower installation costs while allowing deeper locations.C: Suction Bucket Design ChinaInstallation of the Arup designed Met Mast suction Bucket foundation off the coast of China.

A

B

C


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OWF Concept Development – Finding the Best Solution

Arup’s technical, financial, business planning and project management support helps clients realize viable offshore wind developments.

Arup works on projects from feasibility through to a sale of an operating wind farm. At each stage of a project we listen and respond to our client’s requirements, proactively reducing project risks and costs. We use our experience gained since 2001in the offshore wind industry to provide a coordinated, team-working approach to deliver projects.

We are flexible in our approach to projects and can provide a team that is tailored to each project’s needs, at any stage of the development cycle.

At Arup, we have built powerful yet very efficient Offshore Wind Foundation screening tools that enable us to identify the most promising foundation solutions for specific offshore wind farm locations, globally, with the most basic of information.

Contact us to find out more.


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Monopiles – XL – Going Bigger and Deeper

Arup has deep expertise in geotechnical engineering and soil structure interaction. This is why many of the leading offshore wind developers call on Arup to develop and verify their monopile foundations.

From the beginnings of the offshore wind industry, shallow water and smaller turbines, to today’s deeper water and >10MW turbines, Arup has been a leading engineering consultant advising on key frontier applications of the monopile foundation.

As developments push into deeper water, monopiles are getting driven deeper and becoming larger to cope with increase wave action and larger, heavier and more dynamic wind turbines. These changes affect all aspects of the foundation including its performance and behaviors, risks during installation, fabrication and the supply chain overall.

Arup also has developed key integrity strategies to ensure the foundation to turbine tower connection will meet the needs of these larger, more dynamic installations. From key remediation, repair and real time monitoring projects, Arup has developed key expertise to ensure these most critical connections will perform as needed for the life of the development.


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Suction Buckets – Leading Expertise

From our 30 years in the offshore oil & gas industry, Arup has developed leading expertise in concept and design of suction bucket foundations. Suction buckets, known as suction piles in O&G, have been in use for various purposes in the O&G communities for many years.

Arup has evolved this type of foundation to capacities sufficient to support full scale offshore platforms for our ACE self-installing platforms. The efficient use of these foundations requires key expertise in geotechnical engineering as well as soil structure interaction.

For offshore wind turbine foundations, suction buckets can offer key advantages for the development such as: faster installation, shallower penetration, large capacities, suitable for weaker soils, reduced installation operation. Suction buckets have the advantage of not needing pre-drilled piles, and can be installed quickly. They can be removed from the seabed by reversing the installation process (driven or drilled piles cannot).

For these reasons and more, the suction foundation can lead to significant LCOE savings that cannot be overlooked.


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Substation Total Design – Maximum Cost Efficiency

The offshore wind industry has been developing larger and larger wind farms, which trending to be further away from shore. As the capacity of turbines and the wind farms have increased, coupled with increasing offshore distances and depth of water, the electrical infrastructure has had to adapt to accommodate the export requirements.

Arup has worked with developers and transmission operators on a range of offshore AC and DC platforms that are now operating successfully. We have studied the drivers and constraints on offshore platforms and have developed a reference design for HVDC converter platforms that enables cost saving and minimizes risk. A thorough understanding of the platform process coupled with our multidisciplinary approach to projects enables us to produce designs for topsides that provide an optimum configuration for equipment, are safe to operate and are efficient in their use of space.

Even with optimization, HVDC platforms have often reached a size where a single simple offshore crane lift is no longer an option. Instead, options such as floating or self-installing build arrangements need to be considered.

Through Arup’s leading experience both in the design and optimization of the transformer requirements and layout, as well as our deep knowledge of optimal foundation options (large monopile, jacket and self-installing platforms), we can find the most cost effective and robust solution.


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Self-Installing Gravity Base

As lead designers, Arup worked closely with partners to develop a foundation solution that can be economically mass produced and installed with low marine operation risk. Key to the solution was ensuring that installation and decommissioning led the design of the structural form. The structure’s innovative self floating shape allows it to be towed to site without requiring specialist towing vessels and to be installed using simple water ballasting operations. The structure is designed to be stable during towing and installed in year-round weather conditions, with only moderate downtime.

• Arup assists the developers selection the right foundation solution for their wind farms

• Concrete needs no sea-bed replacement and offers weather-tolerant installation.

• Site(s) leased for concrete construction would make procurement easier for contractors.

• A stronger commitment to project alliances or partnering by developers could deliver £11/MWhreduction in cost of power.

• Early contractor involvement can deliver the cost reduction benefits to a project prior to FID, improving the economics of the wind farm.


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Why Arup?

Our Clients


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Substation Tender DesignLocation: Race Bank, UKClient: Alstom GridArup developed a substation topside tender design, including a weight report and cost estimates. This empowered our client to challenge their appointed designer’s assumptions and ensure that the costs of their current substation were economic and the project could continue as planned. Our layout of the HV cabling and transformers reduced the load on the overhanging elements of the topsides. We reduced the structure and blast wall costs whilst still allowing adequate ventilation to the transformer halls.Remedial Works DesignLocation: UK Round 1 Client: Confidential Arup undertook a concept screening exercise to identify remedial works solutions that could meet the client’s requirements. The designs were checked in detail to confirm adequate strength and fatigue performance. Rainflow-counted time histories of stresses induced by the turbine and wave action were used to determine the fatigue lives. Coating systems were designed and specified for the bearing and components making up the new supports.

HVDC OptimizationLocation: UKClient: The Carbon TrustOur comprehensive review addressed the development of converter topologies, and optimized configurations and layouts to accommodate new HVDC voltage source converters. We integrated schematic layouts onto a smaller platform structure resulting in a reduction of overall capital expenditure by more than 10%.Nkt Cabl ReburialLocation: EuropeClient: nkt cablesArup carried out non-linear finite element analysis simulating the excavation and subsequent relaying of a high value export cable to assess the risk to cable integrity associated with this operation.Robin Rigg Windfarm - AuditLocation: UKClient: EON AGThe audit covered all aspects of the project including governance by ECR management, procurement procedures for the multi-lot contracts and the lessons learnt from the project execution stage. The overall findings of the audit were positive even though the project team had faced several significant challenges in bringing the windfarm online.

Our Experience

Met Mast FoundationLocation: Hong KongClient: CLP Power Hong Kong LimitedCLP Power commissioned Arup to design a 20m tall structural steel offshore meteorological mast which will collect wind and metocean data for a two year period. Conventional anemometers and innovative LIDAR techniques will be used to collect data for the design of the proposed offshore wind farm.Arup designed and obtained government permitting for the innovative suction bucket foundation design – delivering success in its very first implementation in Hong Kong.Concrete Gravity Base for Offshore WindLocation: UKClient: Hochtief and CostainAs lead designers, developed a foundation solution that can be economically mass produced and installed with low marine operation risk. The structure’s innovative self floating shape allows it to be towed to site without requiring specialist towing vessels and to be installed using simple water ballasting operations. The foundation caters to water depths of up to 60m and will suit turbine sizes up to an anticipated 8MW.


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Greenwire Planning DesignLocation: Ireland Client: GreenwireLeading the siting assessments for the cable landfalls and converter station sites (Ireland and Wales), Arup also undertook preliminary route option appraisals for the underground HVDC cables. We consulted with the Local Planning Authorities and Natural Resources Wales (NRW) on the scope and methodology of environmental assessment as well as early engagement on the planning strategy. We identified optimal routes for the HVDC cables which took into consideration economic, social, and environmental risks, being particularly careful to avoid National Parks, sensitive habitats and areas of archaeological interest. Our specialist planning and consenting support helped the client to identify a preferred option which could be taken forward to planning and aligned with the TEN-E Regulations.Walney Offshore Wind FarmLocation: UKClient: VariousMaritime Engineers verified the marine components through diligent review of the risks imposed by the offshore, geophysical and navigation conditions. We also provided assurance that all requirements were incorporated into the capital and operational costs and thus provided security to the project funder.

Energy Marine Demonstrator TurbinesLocation: UKClient: 2BArup were contracted to design the piled foundations for two demonstrator wind turbines. Design included geotechnical foundation assessment, jacket structure and design of the connection to the jacket structure. Aberdeen Offshore Wind Farm Foundations studyLocation: UKClient: AOWFArup completed a concept design study for the steel jacket and suction bucket foundations. As part of the work, Jacket foundations of various sizes were developed and evaluated, along with various sizes and designs of suction buckets. Fabrication and installation methodologies were developed and evaluated for the various options. Complete risk assessments and screening was completed on all phases of the foundation fabrication, installation and operation performance. The overall study findings have been used to develop the design of the foundations including the offshore testing program developed by Arup.

Our Experience

Submarine Transmission CableLocation: Baltic SeaClient: nkt cablesArup used advanced finite element techniques to assess the integrity of an in-situ wind farm export cable as it exited the J-tube at the seabed. Our assessment established that component stress levels were acceptable and that cable integrity was not compromised. Walney Offshore Wind Farm - CableLocation: UKClient: VariousWe undertook least hazard routing studies and performed risk assessments of potential fishing and anchor damage, and established burial depths or rock cover requirements to mitigate the risk of cable damage. In addition, trenching evaluations (jetting, ploughing, and cutting) were conducted along with an assessment of seabed scour and sandwave mobility and the rock dump protection design.


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Substation – Topsides and FoundationLocation: GermanyClient: RWEArup was contracted to complete optimized conceptual design of the topsides and monopile foundation for a substation platform. Electrical and structural engineering informed the design and confirmed the platform’s ability for installation and fabrication. Nordsee 1 SubstationLocation: GermanyClient: RWEIndependent verification of the substation jacket design and loading. Optimization of the structure and piling was completed ensuring performance and cost efficiencies were achieved.Triton Knoll - Cable Landfall AssessmentLocation: UKClient: RWEThe landfall assessments considered engineering constraints and risks with bringing sub-sea cables to land, and transitioning to on-shore cables. Much of the Lincolnshire and South Yorkshire coastline is subject to significant coastal erosion and this was an important factor to consider when assessing potential landfalls.

BorWin1 Structural AnalysisLocation: GermanyClient: TenneTArup was appointed to undertake a complete structural review and analysis of the BorWin Alpha 400MW offshore HVDC converter platform to address concerns over the structural stability and possible risks during high wind conditions. The particular nature of the HVDC converter technology resulted in an unconventional structural layout for lifted topsides. The HVDC equipment requires a large open space around it, which made load paths from the topsides to jacket substructures indirect. This resulted in larger deflections than would typically be encountered on a conventionally framed topsides truss structures. 10MW Monopile FoundationLocation: GermanyClient: ConfidentialConcept design of a monopile foundation to support a theoretical 10MW turbine. Work involved derivation of wind turbine loads and characteristics based upon experience from previous projects, structural and geotechnical design of the monopile foundation and dynamic analysis of the integrated foundation, tower and turbine.

Our Experience

Round 2 Offshore Wind FarmLocation: UKClient: VariousWorking as owner’s engineers, we developed a strategy for dealing with the transition piece to monopile interface slip, including a detailed engineering assessment of the consequences of the slip. We also developed an extensive campaign of offshore inspection to baseline the condition of more than 100 offshore wind turbine foundations. We provided expert witness services in an arbitration case on behalf of our client, on the subjects of vibration and fatigue in offshore wind turbine foundations. GOALLocation: UKClient: JIPLeading this joint industry project in terms of technical management we have the objective of justifying guidelines for the design of grouted connections for jackets supporting offshore wind turbines. To ensure the thoroughness of this investigation we are managing a variety of project tasks: ensuring coordination of input from industry experts and stakeholders; developing a specified test program; design of realistic test specimens; review of testing data; and interpretation of results.


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For further information please contact:

Gordon JacksonDirector | Energy

David GrationDirector | AT&R

t: +44 20 7755 2289 t: +44 20 7755 2221

m: +44 77 9866 7072 m: +44 75 9097 5997

e: [email protected] e: [email protected]

Brian RainePrincipal | Energy

Cameron DunnAssociate | Energy

t: +1 713 343 1461 t: +1 713 343 1463

m: +1 832 275 8690 m: +1 832 851 6129

e: [email protected] e: [email protected]

Documents

Arup Offshore Wind Energy c2016 US