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Artificial Recharge & Storm Water Management In Hero Honda
Motors Ltd For Haridwar & Dharuhera Plants, Haryana State,
India
Dr. S. K. Jain1 & Dilip Singh Chundawat
2
1President, Institute of Water Conservation, Jal Niketan, 5-Jha-2, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur-302004
(Raj.) India
2Dy GM (Projects), GWMICC P Ltd., Jal Niketan, 5-Jha-2, Jawahar Nagar Jaipur – 302004
(Raj.) India
Mo: +91-9829067474, +91-9414070292 E-mail: [email protected]
www.groundwaterindia.com
ABSTRACT
Artificial recharge is the process by which rainwater is infiltered into groundwater system and ground
water resources are augmented by altering natural conditions of replenishment. The storm water generated
in industries with large catchment can be diverted to scientifically designed artificial recharge system
based on runoff generated at peak rainfall intensity and recharge rate of sub-surface strata. There are
several methods for artificial recharge depending upon the feasibility in different regions. In case of
higher infiltration capacity of vadose & saturated zone, percolation pits with recharge shaft in the
reservoir can be planned for increased surface water storage assimilation in to the aquifer. This serves as
significant tool in storm water management and improvement of ground water regime through artificial
recharge reservoir. Similarly, for recharging deep aquifer, injection wells can be planned through
filtration chamber (2). Hero Honda Motors had been facing problem due to storm water generation within
the plant premises at Dharuhera, Haryana and Haridwar, Uttranchal due to improper drainage system &
absence of any artificial recharge measure. The detailed studies were carried out by M/s GWMICC P
Ltd., Jaipur in both the plants regarding the existing drainage system, hydrogeological conditions,
climatic conditions & scope of implementation of recharge measures. An outcome of these studies,
recommendations were given for drain design, new rainwater harvesting structures & artificial reservoirs.
As a follow up, the Hero Honda Motors Ltd. had sincerely implemented the recommendations through
M/s Jain Earth Matters, Jaipur for proper storm water management in their premises. After
implementations, in last two rainy seasons, all the structures are working efficiently even at more than
average rainfall of last five years and the problem due to storm water within the premises is completely
solved.
Key-Words: - Artificial Recharge, Groundwater, Storm water, Runoff, Vadose zone, Saturated zone
1. Introduction The storm water during rainy season causes
drainage problem and often paved areas of
industries are damaged by rainfall runoff. Without
proper drainage, the water on paved area during
rains remains stagnant for hours together and poor
storm water management results into erosion of
roads. In our country, industries are facing water
crises due to over exploitation of under ground
water and no provision for recharge of aquifers.
Declining water levels are also consuming more
energy in lifting the water and reduction in green
coverage. Solution of managing storm water in
industrial premises from paved areas is
channilizing the same to ground water system
through artificial recharge reservoir in hygienic
manner. This method not only helps in controlling
the devastating effects of storm water, but would
improve ground water regime both in terms of
rising of water levels and increase in ground water
availability. The technique will also increase life
of roads/paved areas of industrial premises and
reduce cost on maintenance and repairs. Besides,
better plant growth is envisaged with less water
requirement due to moist condition of surface soil
through percolation structures. Considerable
research efforts have been invested in developing
alternative approaches to conventional stormwater
management focusing on rainwater management,
infiltration of rainfall on site, and detention of
runoff during large storm events (11,12,13).
Examples of innovations include harvesting roof
runoff and reusing water, managing rainwater by
infiltration into soils in bioretention areas,
minimizing impervious surfaces, and using
pervious pavement (10).
Recent Researches in Hydrology, Geology and Continuum Mechanics
ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 79
2. Methodology In designing Artificial recharge reservoir,
capturing storm water runoff from the roads/paved
areas and creating artificial connectivity to sub
surface water in the hygienic manner through
storage & filtration of storm water is the key
concept. The effectiveness of the concept lies in
reasonable cost, coverage of large areas and
immediate implementation and immense benefits
in terms of additional water availability,
improvement in water quality, increased
plantation, maintaining eco-balance, reducing the
cost on maintenance and repairs of roads and
many fold increase in life of the roads/paved areas.
Storm water harvesting from industrial premises
can be achieved by creating storage of rain fall
runoff and recharging ground water through
filtration chambers having inverted filter of sand,
gravel & pebbles. Such Artificial recharge
reservoir would not only control storm water
hazards in industries, but will enhance ground
water availability 8 to 10 times compared to
natural process of rainfall infiltration. The location
and design of sustainable storm water harvesting
system require hydro geological study of the area
as well as sub surface information of most
permeable zone. Besides, average rainfall and
rainfall intensity need to be analyzed as per
climatic zones. Based on normal rainfall and peak
rain fall intensity, the storm water harvesting
system through reservoir is designed in such a way
that 70-80 % of storm water is sent back to ground
water regime after natural filtration process based
on rate of Recharge after Recharge Test on
existing wells/pits (8 ).
3. Case study–1: Road/paved area
storm water recharge through
artificial recharge reservoir in
industrial premises of Hero Honda
Motors limited, Sidcul, Haridwar,
Uttranchal. The total road/paved areas of the factory
premises is 115080 m2, which would generate
129465 m3 volume of storm water runoff for
recharge to the ground water at average
rainfall of 1520 mm per annum. The location
of the reservoir for the Storm Water
Harvesting is given in Fig. 1and the detailed
lay out plan of reservoir with the location of
percolation structures is shown in Fig. 2. The
designs of percolation structures in the
reservoir are given in Fig. 3 based on peak
rainfall intensity for 15 minutes. The storm
water drains as shown meets reservoir at the
inlets (I1 and I2). For extreme events of
rainfall, two spillways are designed for
overflow of water towards main road as
shown in Fig. 4. To prevent sand, two
desilting tanks are recommended at the inlets
to the reservoirs as shown in Fig. 5 .All design
parameters are explained clearly in diagram
(5, 7). The runoff generated at 200 mm
rainfall on 10 th/11th Sep.,09 and on 28th/29th
Aug. 10 continuously for two days was
completely recharged to ground water without
any over flow and the system functioned very
well.
4. Case study –II: Storm water
recharge through artificial recharge
technique in industrial premises of
Hero Honda Motors limited,
Dharuhera, Rewari, Haryana. In Dharuhera plant premises, total area of the
roads is 7581.5 m2, which would generate 85.29
m3 volume of storm water runoff for recharge to
the ground water at an average rainfall of 726 mm,
considering peak rainfall intensity of 60 mm/hour
and 0.75 as the catchment factor. The locations of
the Rainwater harvesting structures for the road
runoff are given in Fig. 6. The storm water is
initially collected in Desilting chamber through
covered drains from different road/paved area of
the premises as shown in Fig. 7. After siltation, the
overflow is passed to filtration chambers through
8’’ dia pipe line where the storm water get treated
with different filter media & ultimately through
injection well of 60 m (Fig. 8), recharged to deep
aquifer (6,9). The rainwater harvesting system is
working efficiently in last two monsoon seasons
even on more than average rainfall.
5. Removal of pollutants The percolation structures have been designed
with sufficient vadose zone of 30 m acting as
natural filter that removes pollutants and other
impurities from the water as it moves down to the
ground water through natural filtration media
consisting of pebbles , gravels, coarse sand,
charcoal and potassium permanganate layers.
Quality improvement through proper infiltration
management is expected to be achieved as given in
Table-1 (3).
Table-1: Water quality Improvement Parameter Pollutant removal
Suspended
Solids
Essentially complete removal
Dissolved
Solids
No removal
Biodegradable
organic
Essentially complete removal
Recent Researches in Hydrology, Geology and Continuum Mechanics
ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 80
compounds
(BOD)
Synthetic
organic
compounds
Some are almost completely
removed, some significantly and
some very little
Bacteria and
viruses
Essentially complete removal due
to zone of deariation. However,
as precautionary measure,
potassium permanganate layer
has been also provided in the
system.
Nitrogen Significant removal
Phosphorus Significant removal
Fluoride Significant removal
Heavy metals Significant to essential removal
Boron No removal
Oil & grease
& other
hydrocarbons
79% to 98% removal. (For
complete removal, charcoal layer
has been provided as it acts as a
good absorbent of oil & grease)
The above table clearly indicates that Rapid-
infiltration soil-treatment systems are capable of
removing essentially all biodegradable organics,
suspended solids, and bacteria and viruses from
the wastewater. They can also remove almost all
the phosphorous and significantly reduce
concentrations of nitrogen and heavy metals. Most
of the quality improvement of the wastewater
takes place in the top 1 m of the soil beneath the
infiltration structures. Considerable additional
movement in vadose zone and aquifer is needed
for quality improvement in long term & to avoid
concentration of pollutants in the upper top 10 m.
However, to complete the renovation process
(dieoff of bacteria and viruses, phosphate
precipitation, decomposition of organics, taste and
odor removal etc.), a rule of thumb is to allow at
least 100 m distance of underground travel and an
underground detention time of at least one
month(1).
6. Advantages 1. Reduction in runoff which chokes storm drains. 2. No flooding of Industrial premises.
3. Augmentation of ground water storage and
control of decline of water levels.
4. Improvement of quality of ground water.
5. Reduced stagnant water on road will improve
life of road & avoid frequent repairs &
maintenance.
6. Surviving water requirement during summer,
drought etc. in cities and industrial premises.
7. Better plant growth all around the reservoir.
7. Conclusion The technique of artificial recharge measures
which may be through artificial reservoir with
recharge shaft or rainwater harvesting system with
injection well presented will be helpful in
controlling storm water hazards in many industrial
areas with improvement in ground water recharge
by utilizing rainfall runoff. The innovatively
designed structures are simple, easy to construct,
operate and maintain. The implementation taken
up as shown in the case study has shown positive
results of rise in water level with in short time.
Further effects on ground water regime are under
monitoring. Such projects are expected to solve
storm drainage problem of industries and improve
ground water regime by recharge through rainfall
runoff. At the same time, the system will also
create hygienic conditions avoiding frequent
maintenance and repairs of the paved areas/roads
of most industrial premises & a step forward in
solving storm water hazards inside the industrial
premises.
8. Acknowledgement Author expresses his gratitude to Hero Honda
Motors Limited for implementation of the
project. Author also wishes to thank Mr.
Hanumant Sharma, Incharge, drilling and
RWH, Jain Earth Matters, Jaipur for execution
of the project successfully in both the
premises.
References: (1) Asano, Takashi, 1985. Overview : Artificial recharge of ground water, published by Butterworth
Publishers, USA
(2) CGWB (2000). Guide on Artificial recharge to ground water, Govt. of India Publication (3) Herman Bouwer (1985). Renovation of waste water with rapid infiltration Land treatment systems,
Published in “Artificial recharge of ground water”, Butterworth Publishers, London.
(4) Jain Dr. S. K.(2004) Innovative rainwater harvesting along road sides, paper published in the Book “Advances in Geosciences-Hydrological sciences Vol-4” by World Scientific Publishing Company
(P) Ltd., Singapore.
Recent Researches in Hydrology, Geology and Continuum Mechanics
ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 81
(5) Jain Dr. S. K.(2006). Management of Storm water on roads and improvement of ground water regime. paper published in “Hydroinformatics Vol-I”, proceeding of 7th international conference on
hydroinformatics, Nice, France.
(6) Jain Dr. S. K.(2007). Artificial Recharge Studies through rainwater Harvesting at Dharuhera, Haryana. GWMICC (P) Ltd. Publication
(7) Jain Dr. S. K.(2008). Artificial Recharge Studies through rainwater harvesting at Sidcul, Haridwar, Uttranchal. GWMICC (P) Ltd. Publication
(8) Jain Dr. S. K.(2009). Efficient use of water through Storm water harvesting. paper published in workshop on “Efficient use & Management of water in Rajasthan”, CGWB, Western region, March
2009.
(9) Jain Dr. S. K.(2009). Groundwater recharge management through road storm water harvesting in industries & urban colonies, paper published in workshop on “issues related to Groundwater
management in Gujarat” by West Central region, CGWB, March 2009.
(10)Marsalek J and Schreier H (2010) Overview of the Theme Issue: Innovation in Stormwater
Management in Canada: The way forward, Water quality research journal of Canada, pp. 5 – 10.
(11) Stephens KA, Graham P, Reid D (2002) Stormwater planning: A guidebook for British Columbia.
British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Victoria, B.C.
(12) U.S.EPA. (2000) Low Impact Development (LID) : A literature review. Report EPA-841-B-00-005,
Ofiice of water, Washington, D.C.
(13) U.S. department of Defense (2004) Unified facilities criteria: Low impact Development. UFC, 3-
210-10,25 October 2004. Available on-line at: htt://www.wbdge.org/ccb/
DOD/UFC/ufc_3_210_10.pdf (Accessed: March 3, 2009).
*****************************
Recent Researches in Hydrology, Geology and Continuum Mechanics
ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 82
Fig.-1: Location of Artificial Reservoir in Hero Honda Motors Premises, Haridwar
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1 800 3200
2400 2400
D G FD V -2D G FDV -1
WELD SHOP
DOL PANEL
M L DB
VT PN DB
CONN EC TING
PASSAGE
15000
1 500
22500
15000
18000
RC C PADES TALS
LPG PANEL
WA.T. PANELCOMP. PANEL
HWG PANEL
ML DB
VTPN DB
V TPN DB
PLATF ORM
A A
B
B
C C
XR
1
3
2 4
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Scale 0 1 2 3 (In cm)
0 44 88 132 (In mt.)
NORTH
EW
S
Investigated Siteboundary
INDEX
Drain
RWH RechargeReservoir withten percolationstructures
RWH
structuresBuilding
(6 Structures)B-1 buildings
(1 Structure)B-2 buildings
(1 Structure)B-4 buildings
Recent Researches in Hydrology, Geology and Continuum Mechanics
ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 83
6 m
90 m10 m
Water Outlet Spillways at
96.5 m RL
Water inlet channel of
1 m width at 93.70 m RL
Water inlet channel of
1 m width at 95.50 m RL
Proposed Stone
pitching weir
by HHH
(slope 1:2)Bottom RL - 91.30 m
Tree
RL - 100.25 m
RAMP with 1:10 slope
RWH Reservoirboundary
Water InletChannel
Ramp/MaintainanceTrack
PercolationStructures
Water outlet
SpillwayDesilting Tank
Bunding(2.4 m height, 12 m width
with 6 m flat top)
Proposed Stone
pitching weir
by HHH
(Slope 1:2)
Stone pitching to be done by HHH
at 1:2 slope
RL of WL - 92.50 m
Fig.-2: Schematic diagram of Artificial Reservoir at Hero Honda Motors Premises, Haridwar
COARSE SAND
0.5 M
1 MPEBBLES
0.5 M
GRAVEL
Inlet with RCC inverted
filter with 1 mm S.S. net
0.6 m dia. Recharge
shaft filled with
pebbles
3 m
Tank Dimension
( 3 m x 3 m x 3.5 m)
0.9 M
(length*width*depth)
30 M
1 M
1.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.10 mFerro covers
Stairs
0.6 m
Reservoir's
base level
2 FEET x 2 FEET
IRON CHAMBER
Inlet with RCC inverted
filter with 1 mm S.S. net
Fig.-3: Schematic design of Percolation structure in Artificial Reservoir at Hero Honda Motors
Premises, Haridwar
Recent Researches in Hydrology, Geology and Continuum Mechanics
ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 84
Fig.-4: Schematic design of Spillway for provision of Overflow in Artificial Reservoir
Staire case
0.25 M
2.20 M
0.25 M
5.30 M
1.2 M
2.10 M1.20 M
4.5 M
Inlet
Filters
Silt pit
0.75mSink
Hole0.3M
0.30 m dia
inlet drain
Precasted CC
deattachable slabs
Staire case
for cleaning silt
2 x 2 feet iron lid
8" OUTLET
PIPE with
filter to be
connected
with
Filtration
chambers
Gravel 0.5m
BAFFLEWALL
6" holes
with filters
2.55 M
II Stage Filter
III Stage
Filter
(length*width*depth)
Desilting Tank
(4.5 m x 4 m x 5.30/6.05 m)
Fig.-5: Schematic design of Desilting tank before inlets to Artificial Reservoir at HHM
Premises, Haridwar
BundingBunding
1.5 m
4 m
1.5 m
Outlet
spillway
SP-1 & SP-2
(with 1:8 Slope)
1.70 m
SP-1 SP-2
RL=98.50 m
Foundation at
95.50 m RL
0.5 m
Pillar Size = 0.46 m x 0.23 mPillar
RL=97.00 m RL=97.00 m
0.5 m0.5 m
RL=97.00 m
RL=96.68 m
Recent Researches in Hydrology, Geology and Continuum Mechanics
ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 85
LPG TANK
ROAD
ROAD
CANTEEN
ROAD
GATE
GUARD ROOM8.0 M.WIDE ROAD GATE
N H 8
ROAD
ROOMGUARD
TIMEOFFICE
GATE
CYCLE STAND
TWO WHEELAR
PARKING
PARKING
AREA
GREEN BELT
100.0
100.0
LAKE-IIN
INDEX
RWH structuresBuilding
(1 structure)
Runoff flow direction
Proposed extension
plant building
Existing Lake
Lawn/open ground
Old Buildings
Existing roads
(Width X Depth)
Desilting Chamber
Connecting to
Filtration Chmaber
(3 structures)Road storm water
harvesting with
desilting tank (Admin Block)
(0.3m. x 0.3m.)Drains along road
Connecting 8" pipes
from Desilting/Storage
Tank to Filtration Chambers
(In.m.)0 20 40 60 80
Fig.-6: Location of Road Storm water Harvesting Structures at Hero Honda Motors Premises,
Dharuhera
Recent Researches in Hydrology, Geology and Continuum Mechanics
ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 86
Staire case
(length*width*depth)
Desilting Tank
(6 m x 3 m x 3.20/3.95 m*)
0.25 M
2.20 M
0.25 M
3.20 M
1.5 M
2.10 M 1.50 M
6 M
Inlet
Filters
Silt pit
0.75mSink
Hole0.3M
0.30 m dia
inlet drain
Precasted CC
deattachable slabs
Staire case
for cleaning silt
2 x 2 feet iron lid
8" OUTLET
PIPE with
filter to be
connected
with
Filtration
chambers
Gravel 0.5m
BAFFLEWALL
6" holes
with filters
0.75 M
II Stage Filter
III Stage
Filter
Fig.-7: Schematic design of Desilting chamber at Hero Honda motors Premises, Dharuhera
Recent Researches in Hydrology, Geology and Continuum Mechanics
ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 87
COARSE SAND
0.50 M
1 MPEBBLES
0.50 M
GRAVEL
3 m
1 M
1.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.10 mFerro covers
Stairs
2 FEET x 2 FEET
IRON CHAMBER
Inlet
Gravels
6" PVC Plain &
Screened pipe
Bail plug
6"injection well
60m
INJECTION WELL
WITH WELL CAP
Air vent
Length Width Depth
3 m 5.25 m3 m
3 m 5.35 m3 m
Two nos. of
Filtration Chambers
Outlet
Gravels
Charcole layer (0.1m)
Fig.-8: Schematic design of Filtration chamber at Hero Honda motors Premises, Dharuhera
Recent Researches in Hydrology, Geology and Continuum Mechanics
ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 88