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AI Dr. Yosser ATASSI 1
Artificial Intelligence
Lecture 1
Dr. Yosser ATASSI
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• Textbook: Stuart Russell & Peter Norvig "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach" Prentice Hall Series in Artificial Intelligence.
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Syllabus
I Artificial Intelligence1 Introduction2 Intelligent Agents
II Problem-solving3 Solving Problems by Searching4.Informed Search and Exploration 5.Constraint Satisfaction Problems 6. Adversarial Search
III Knowledge and reasoning7. Logical Agents 8. First-Order Logic9. Inference in First-Order Logic 10. Knowledge Representation
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IV Machine learning
IV Machine learning Two layer artificial neural networks
1. Biological motivation; 2. ANN representation; 3. Perceptrons; 4. Worked example; 5. The learning abilities of perceptrons;
Multi-layer artificial neural networks 1. Architectures; 2. Backpropagation; 3. Worked example; 4. Avoiding local minima; 5. Overfitting considerations; 6. Appropriate problems for ANNs;
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Introduction
• What is AI
• AI history
• Approaches to AI
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Approaches to AI
• Learning
• Rule-Based Systems
• Search
• Planning
• Ability-Based Areas
• Robotics
• Agents
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Learning
• Explanation– Discovery – Data Mining
• No Explanation– Neural Nets– Case Based Reasoning
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Learning: Explanation
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Learning: No Explanation
• Neural nets
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Rule-Based SystemsRule-Based Systems
• Logic Languages– Prolog, Lisp
• Knowledge bases
• Inference engines
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Rule-Based Languages: Prolog
Rule-Based Languages: Prolog
Father(abraham, isaac). Male(isaac).Father(haran, lot). Male(lot).Father(haran, milcah). Female(milcah).Father(haran, yiscah). Female(yiscah).
Son(X,Y) Father(Y,X), Male(X).Daughter(X,Y) Father(Y,X), Female(X).
Son(lot, haran)?
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RuleBased
Systems
RuleBased
Systems
• KRS
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SearchSearch
• “All AI is search”– Game theory– Problem spaces
• Every problem is a “virtual” tree of all possible (successful or unsuccessful) solutions.
• The trick is to find an efficient search strategy.
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Search: Game TheorySearch: Game Theory
9!+1 = 362,880
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Natural Language RecognitionNatural Language Recognition
You give me the gold
pronounn
verb pronound
article noun
VP NP
VP
NP
VP
NP
sentencew
PERSON:Joe
PERSON:FredTRANSACTION
GOLD: X
REPT
OBJ
AGNT
Audio
Words
Syntax
Context
Semantics