Artificial Intelligence Austin Luczak, Katie Regin, John Trawinski

What is AI?

● Artificial intelligence is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software.

● It is based on the assumption that the process of human thoughts can be mechanized.

Main Goals of AI● The central goals of AI are for computers to have:

o Reasoning o Knowledge o Planningo Learningo Natural language processing o Perceptiono Ability to move or manipulate objects

● In simpler terms the goal is to create a computer that is as intelligent and functionable as a human being.

History of AI● Classical Period

o Many scientists from different fields started discussing the idea of creating an artificial brain. (1943)

o Turing Test (1950) - Paper by Alan Turing that proposed that machines are able to think.

o In 1951 many researchers started writing game-playing programs for games such as chess, and checkers.

o By the early 60’s the machines achieved sufficient skill to challenge a respectable amateu.

● Romantic Periodo During the Romantic Period, researchers were focused on teaching

machines to understand

History of AI Cont.● Romantic Period Cont.

o It included teaching computers how to understand and represent semantics

o An early example of this is the program ELIZA● The Modern Period

o Although it is called the modern period it is not the most recent periodo This period is devoted to solve more complex, practical problems,

such as predicting medical problems.● Post-Modern Period

o The post modern era stretches through the 90’s into the 2000’s and covers the creation and modification of the internet and its applications.

History of AI Cont.● Current Period

o A current example of AI is social media which is also known as Web 2.0

o AI is also used in big data applications, such as cars that can drive themselves

● Futureo The future of AI revolves around the invention of Web 3.0.o We can’t be certain what Web 3.0 will entail however a common belief

is it will be a combination of data mining, machine learning and recommendation agents. In other words, computers will be able to understand information

in order to make user interactions easier and more personable.

The Dartmouth Conference

● The Dartmouth Conference took place in 1956 and was where the field of AI research was essentially founded and where the term Artificial Intelligence was coined.

● The people who attended became known as the leaders of artificial intelligence research for decades.

● They truly believed within a generation they could build a computer that had comparable knowledge to a human.

● These researchers went through several AI summers and winters, which refer to the level of interest and funding at a certain time.o Summers had a high level of interest and high amounts of funding,

while winters were the opposite.

Applications of AI

● Deeply ingrained into our infrastructure

● Used in a wide range of industries and fields

● Often applied in finance, medicine, writing and customer service

AI Applications in Finance

● Organize operations, make investments, manage properties and optimize portfolios

● Use of artificial neural networks to detect fraud

AI Applications in Medicine

● Organize bed schedules and staff rotation in hospitals

● Artificial neural networks used in clinical decision support systemso Concept Processing

● Interpretation of medical images and heart sound analysis

AI Applications in Writing

● Natural language generation (NLG) takes data and translates it into natural language

● Companies use this to gain quick insights into their data

AI in Customer Service

● Automated online assistants use natural language processing

● Answering machines in call centers