Artificial InseminationArtificial Insemination

History:History:

Arab chieftain taleArab chieftain tale

• Antony van Leeuwenhook, Dutch inventor Antony van Leeuwenhook, Dutch inventor of the microscope, was the first person to of the microscope, was the first person to observe sperm under magnification.observe sperm under magnification.

In 1780, Lazzaro Spallanzani, an Italian In 1780, Lazzaro Spallanzani, an Italian physiologist, was the first to record the physiologist, was the first to record the successful use of AI in his work successful use of AI in his work with dogs and is considered the with dogs and is considered the inventor of AI. inventor of AI.

Ivanoff of Russia pioneered AI research in Ivanoff of Russia pioneered AI research in birds, horses, cattle, and sheep in 1899.birds, horses, cattle, and sheep in 1899.

He was the first to successfully inseminate He was the first to successfully inseminate cattle artificially.cattle artificially.

AI was first used on a large scale by Russia AI was first used on a large scale by Russia to reestablish its livestock industry to reestablish its livestock industry following World War I and Britain used it following World War I and Britain used it for the same purpose following World War for the same purpose following World War II.II.

Why AI?Why AI?

1.1. Increase ProductionIncrease Production2.2. Proves more siresProves more sires3.3. Eliminates danger and expense of keeping Eliminates danger and expense of keeping

bulls and total bulls neededbulls and total bulls needed4.4. Helps control diseaseHelps control disease5.5. Prolongs service life of siresProlongs service life of sires6.6. Reduces injury Reduces injury 7.7. Improves management with better record Improves management with better record

keepingkeeping8.8. Allows crossbreeding to be used to a maxAllows crossbreeding to be used to a max9.9. Decreases overall sire costsDecreases overall sire costs

Why not AI?Why not AI?

Human Detection of Heat Human Detection of Heat

Requires a skilled techRequires a skilled tech

May be subject to abusesMay be subject to abuses

May accentuate poor traitsMay accentuate poor traits

The head is of great importance The head is of great importance because it contains the because it contains the chromosomes (DNA).chromosomes (DNA).

The neck is short and contains the anterior The neck is short and contains the anterior centromere.centromere.

The body is approximately the same The body is approximately the same length as the head.length as the head.

The lashing of the tail causes the The lashing of the tail causes the sperm to move. sperm to move.

Although minor differences occur in their Although minor differences occur in their sizes, all spermatozoa are extremely small sizes, all spermatozoa are extremely small (much smaller than the egg cells, or ova).(much smaller than the egg cells, or ova).

Methods of semen collection:Methods of semen collection:

Artificial vaginaArtificial vagina

Electrical stimulation: Electrode in the Electrical stimulation: Electrode in the rectumrectum

CollectionCollection

Massage of the AmpullaeMassage of the Ampullae

insert the hand into the rectum and insert the hand into the rectum and massages the ampullae and accessory massages the ampullae and accessory glands, causing semen to drip from the glands, causing semen to drip from the sheath.sheath.

• may be contaminated with urine and may may be contaminated with urine and may contain too much accessory gland contain too much accessory gland secretion for the number of sperm present.secretion for the number of sperm present.

Semen recovery from the Semen recovery from the vaginavagina

the semen in the anterior vagina is the semen in the anterior vagina is aspirated into a syringe by means of a aspirated into a syringe by means of a glass or rubber catheter introduced into glass or rubber catheter introduced into the vaginathe vagina

Usually mixed with female secretionsUsually mixed with female secretions

Spreads disease quicklySpreads disease quickly

Dilute semenDilute semen

Species

Bull 1:200 5 cc15 million

Stallion ----- 5-10 cc 250 million

Boar 1:8 50-100 cc 2 million

Ram 1:1 0.5 cc 50 million

Semen Dilution Ratio Volume of Semen

Needed per Service

Number of Spermper Insemination

Volume of Semen & Concentration Per Insemination

AI equipment:AI equipment:

Semen straw: holds the semen; has an Semen straw: holds the semen; has an end plugged with cotton and another end plugged with cotton and another sealed endsealed end

Semen TankSemen TankKeeps semen frozen Keeps semen frozen atat

-320 degrees F-320 degrees F

Canes: sit in canister Canes: sit in canister and hold strawsand hold straws

Canister: holds canesCanister: holds canes

Tweezers: used to extract semen straws Tweezers: used to extract semen straws out of canes and put in thaw box (need to out of canes and put in thaw box (need to be plastic)be plastic)

Thaw Box: fill with water and heat to 95 Thaw Box: fill with water and heat to 95 degrees Fdegrees F

Cito Straw Cutter: clips crimped the end of Cito Straw Cutter: clips crimped the end of the strawthe straw

Gun: holds the semen strawGun: holds the semen straw

Spiret: used to screw into sow’s vagina to Spiret: used to screw into sow’s vagina to deposit semendeposit semen

Sheath: protective coveringSheath: protective covering

O-ring: holds sheath in placeO-ring: holds sheath in place

Speculum: opens up the vagina to locate Speculum: opens up the vagina to locate the cervixthe cervix

Other equipment needed:Other equipment needed:

Paper towelsPaper towels

GlovesGloves

KY jellyKY jelly