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8/10/2019 Articulators and Their Functions
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RESD 702Introduction to Occlusion
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“a mechanical instrument that represents the
temporomandibular joints and jaws, to
which maxillary and mandibular casts may
be attached to simulate some or all
mandibular movements.”
Glossory of Prosthodontic Terms, 2005
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arcon \ar-kon\ n:
a contraction of the words
„„ARTICULATOR‟‟ and„„CONDYLE,‟‟ used
to describe an articulator containing the
condylar path elements within its upper
member and the condylar elements withinthe lower member
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Arcon articulator
an articulator that applies the arcon design;
this instrument maintains anatomic
guidelines by the use of condylar analogs
in the mandibular element and fossae
assemblies within the maxillary element
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nonarcon articulator:1: any articulator which broadly replicates the
three dimensional motions of the left and rightcondylar compartments
2: any articulator design in which the condylarelement (analog) is not part of the lowermember of the articulator and may be used to
simulate the three dimensional motions of theleft and right condylar compartments
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Non-Adjustable
Semi-Adjustable
Fully-Adjustable
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Divided into four classes.
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Class I articulator: a simple holdinginstrument capable of accepting a singlestatic registration; vertical motion is possible
Horizontal movement is limited or nonexistent
Also called a “Non- Adjustable Articulator”
“Snake Bite” or “Barn Door Hinge”
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Class II articulator:
an instrument that permits horizontal as
well as vertical motion but does not orient
the motion to the temporomandibular joints
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Class III articulator:
an instrument that simulates condylar
pathways by using averages ormechanical equivalents for all or part of themotion; these instruments allow fororientation of the casts relative to the joints and may be arcon or nonarcon instruments
“Semi-adjustable Articulator”
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Class IV articulator:
an instrument that will accept three
dimensional dynamic registrations; these
instruments allow for orientation of the
casts to the temporomandibular joints and
simulation of mandibular movement
“Fully Adjustable Articulator”
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Horizontal axis
An imaginary line passingthrough the bothcondyles
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As the mandible pivots on
it‟s “Hinge Axis”, the cusp of
each mandibular tooth
moves along an arc
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A simple holding instrument capable ofaccepting a single, static registration
Horizontal motion is limited
Hinge opening is the primary function
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The dissimilarity between the
hinge axis of the non-adjustable articulator andthe hinge axis of themandible produces adiscrepancy in the arc ofclosure between thearticulator and the mandible
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A MAJORDISCREPANCYEXISTS BETWEEN
THE NON-WORKINGCUSP PATH ON ANON – ADJUSTABLE
ARTICULATOR AND
THAT FOUND IN THEMOUTH
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SIMULATES CONDYLAR PATHWAYSBY USING AVERAGES ORMECHANICAL EQUIVELANTS FORALL OR PART OF THE MOTION
ALLOWS FOR ORIENTATION OFTHE CASTS RELATIVE TO THE TMJ
APPROXIMATES PATIENTSMANDIBULAR MOVEMENTS
MAY BE ARCON OR NON –ARCONINSTRUMENTS
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THE DISSIMILARITY
BETWEEN THE HINGE AXIS
OF THE SEMI-ADJUSTABLE
ARTICULATOR AND THEMANDIBULAR HINGE AXIS
WILL CAUSE A SLIGHT
DISCREPANCY BETWEEN THE
ARC OF CLOSURES OF THE
ARTICULATOR AND THE
MANDIBLE
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THERE IS ONLY A SLIGHTDIFFERENCE BETWEENCUSP PATHS ON A SEMI-
ADJUSTABLE ARTICULATOR ANDTHOSE IN THE MOUTHEVEN THOUGH THE CASTMOUNTING EXHIBITS ASLIGHT DISCREPANCY
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THE CONDYLE
TRAVELS A CURVED
PATH IN MANDIBULAR
MOVEMENTS
THIS REPRODUCED IN
SEMI-ADJUSTABLE
ARTICULATORS AS A
STRAIGHT PATH
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AN INSTRUMENT THAT WILL ACCEPT THREE
DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC REGISTRATIONS
THESE INSTRUMENTS ALLOW FORORIENTATION OF THE CAST TO THE TMJ AND
REPLICATION OF ALL MANDIBULAR
MOVEMENTS
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ARTICULATOR HINGE AXIS IS EQUAL TO
MANDIBULAR HINGE AXIS
NO DISCREPANCY BETWEEN ARC OF
CLOSURE OF ARTICULATOR AND MANDIBLE CONDYLAR PATHWAYS ARE CURVED AS
THEY ARE FOR THE PATIENT
NO DISCREPANCY IN WAX-UP
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