Article III Judicial Branch - pkwy.k12.mo.us pp [Compatibility...Types of Jurisdiction–which court has the authority to hear or try the case? ORIGINAL Ac ourtinw hicha c aseisf irsth

Article III

Judicial Branch

SC has judicial review… one of the

principals of government…

“The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested “The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested “The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested “The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested

in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the

Congress from time to time ordain and establish.”Congress from time to time ordain and establish.”Congress from time to time ordain and establish.”Congress from time to time ordain and establish.” ––––

Article 3Article 3Article 3Article 3

Who�sets�up�Supreme�Court?Who�sets�up�Supreme�Court?Who�sets�up�Supreme�Court?Who�sets�up�Supreme�Court?

Who�sets�up�all�the�others?Who�sets�up�all�the�others?Who�sets�up�all�the�others?Who�sets�up�all�the�others?

“to constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme court” “to constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme court” “to constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme court” “to constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme court” ––––

Article 1, Section 8, Clause 9Article 1, Section 8, Clause 9Article 1, Section 8, Clause 9Article 1, Section 8, Clause 9

Types of Jurisdiction –which court

has the authority to hear or try the case?

ORIGINALORIGINALORIGINALORIGINALA�court�in�which�a�case�is�first�heard,�trial�court.��Establishes�A�court�in�which�a�case�is�first�heard,�trial�court.��Establishes�A�court�in�which�a�case�is�first�heard,�trial�court.��Establishes�A�court�in�which�a�case�is�first�heard,�trial�court.��Establishes�guilt/innocenceguilt/innocenceguilt/innocenceguilt/innocenceEx�Ex�Ex�Ex�–––– you�steal�a�car�in�MO,�drive�to�CA,�will�be�sent�back�to�MOyou�steal�a�car�in�MO,�drive�to�CA,�will�be�sent�back�to�MOyou�steal�a�car�in�MO,�drive�to�CA,�will�be�sent�back�to�MOyou�steal�a�car�in�MO,�drive�to�CA,�will�be�sent�back�to�MO

APPELLATEAPPELLATEAPPELLATEAPPELLATEA�court�that�hears�a�case�on�appeal�from�a�lower�court��(those�courts�A�court�that�hears�a�case�on�appeal�from�a�lower�court��(those�courts�A�court�that�hears�a�case�on�appeal�from�a�lower�court��(those�courts�A�court�that�hears�a�case�on�appeal�from�a�lower�court��(those�courts�that�have�original�jurisdiction)�that�have�original�jurisdiction)�that�have�original�jurisdiction)�that�have�original�jurisdiction)�–––– The�court�with�appellate�jurisdiction�The�court�with�appellate�jurisdiction�The�court�with�appellate�jurisdiction�The�court�with�appellate�jurisdiction�does�not�retry�case,�just�determines�if�trial�was�fair,�law�applied�does�not�retry�case,�just�determines�if�trial�was�fair,�law�applied�does�not�retry�case,�just�determines�if�trial�was�fair,�law�applied�does�not�retry�case,�just�determines�if�trial�was�fair,�law�applied�correctlycorrectlycorrectlycorrectly

Ex�Ex�Ex�Ex�–––– Let’s�say�Casey�Anthony�had�been�found�guilty�and�felt�civil�Let’s�say�Casey�Anthony�had�been�found�guilty�and�felt�civil�Let’s�say�Casey�Anthony�had�been�found�guilty�and�felt�civil�Let’s�say�Casey�Anthony�had�been�found�guilty�and�felt�civil�rights�violated�during�trial…�she�could�then�appeal�to�FL�court�of�rights�violated�during�trial…�she�could�then�appeal�to�FL�court�of�rights�violated�during�trial…�she�could�then�appeal�to�FL�court�of�rights�violated�during�trial…�she�could�then�appeal�to�FL�court�of�Appeals�Appeals�Appeals�Appeals�–––– just�can’t�appeal�because�unhappy�with�decisionjust�can’t�appeal�because�unhappy�with�decisionjust�can’t�appeal�because�unhappy�with�decisionjust�can’t�appeal�because�unhappy�with�decision

Types of Jurisdiction –which court

has the authority to hear or try the case?

CONCURRENTCONCURRENTCONCURRENTCONCURRENTCases�that�can�be�heard�in�both�the�federal�and�state�courts�Cases�that�can�be�heard�in�both�the�federal�and�state�courts�Cases�that�can�be�heard�in�both�the�federal�and�state�courts�Cases�that�can�be�heard�in�both�the�federal�and�state�courts�––––problems�between�people�of�different�states…�problems�between�people�of�different�states…�problems�between�people�of�different�states…�problems�between�people�of�different�states…�

EXCLUSIVEEXCLUSIVEEXCLUSIVEEXCLUSIVECertain�cases�only�heard�in�certain�courts�Certain�cases�only�heard�in�certain�courts�Certain�cases�only�heard�in�certain�courts�Certain�cases�only�heard�in�certain�courts�–––– didn’t�pay�your�taxes?��didn’t�pay�your�taxes?��didn’t�pay�your�taxes?��didn’t�pay�your�taxes?��Going�to�tax�court!��Case�involving�ambassador,�official�of�government,�Going�to�tax�court!��Case�involving�ambassador,�official�of�government,�Going�to�tax�court!��Case�involving�ambassador,�official�of�government,�Going�to�tax�court!��Case�involving�ambassador,�official�of�government,�person�charged�with�federal�crime,�those�all�in�federal�courtsperson�charged�with�federal�crime,�those�all�in�federal�courtsperson�charged�with�federal�crime,�those�all�in�federal�courtsperson�charged�with�federal�crime,�those�all�in�federal�courts

Supreme Court Supreme Court Supreme Court Supreme Court ––––highest court in highest court in highest court in highest court in

system, 9 justices, 99.99999% system, 9 justices, 99.99999% system, 9 justices, 99.99999% system, 9 justices, 99.99999%

appeals, limited original appeals, limited original appeals, limited original appeals, limited original

jurisdiction in some situationjurisdiction in some situationjurisdiction in some situationjurisdiction in some situation

District courts District courts District courts District courts –––– lowest lowest lowest lowest

level, 94 district courts, no level, 94 district courts, no level, 94 district courts, no level, 94 district courts, no

appellate, only original appellate, only original appellate, only original appellate, only original

jurisdiction jurisdiction jurisdiction jurisdiction –––– U.S. federal U.S. federal U.S. federal U.S. federal

cases heard herecases heard herecases heard herecases heard here

Court of Appeals Court of Appeals Court of Appeals Court of Appeals –––– under under under under

Supreme Court, 12 of them, Supreme Court, 12 of them, Supreme Court, 12 of them, Supreme Court, 12 of them,

only appellate jurisdictiononly appellate jurisdictiononly appellate jurisdictiononly appellate jurisdiction

deals�only�with�veterans�

not�getting�their�benefits

claims�against�the�

government,–patent,�

copyright�violation,�breach�of�contract…

hear�cases�involving�

dispute�between�2�countries�

trade,�exports/imp

orts,�customs

you�don’t�want�to�pay�your�taxes??��

You’ll�end�up�here!�

Just some biggies…DC Shootings – 3 week period in Oct. 2002, John Malvo & John Muhammad. Wanted to kidnap children and teach them how to

“terrorize the nation.” Shot 13 people at gas stations in VA, DC, MD –10 were killed. Also linked to 3 murder/robberies in LA, AL - who

tries this case?

Tried in VA because tougher death penalty

Just some biggies…

Michael Devlin Michael Devlin Michael Devlin Michael Devlin –––– Kidnapped two boys, 2002 & ’07 Kidnapped two boys, 2002 & ’07 Kidnapped two boys, 2002 & ’07 Kidnapped two boys, 2002 & ’07 –––– charged, charged, charged, charged, forced sodomy, child pornography forced sodomy, child pornography forced sodomy, child pornography forced sodomy, child pornography –––– plead not guilty, held on plead not guilty, held on plead not guilty, held on plead not guilty, held on $1 million bail, STL County prosecutor added 71 felony $1 million bail, STL County prosecutor added 71 felony $1 million bail, STL County prosecutor added 71 felony $1 million bail, STL County prosecutor added 71 felony

charges … charges … charges … charges … ---- who tries the case?who tries the case?who tries the case?who tries the case?

74 life sentences in state prison for kidnapping, Sentenced to Sentenced to Sentenced to Sentenced to 170 years 170 years 170 years 170 years in federal prison for child pornography, transporting

minors for sex across state lines

Supreme CourtFinal say! Highest cour t in the land…

9 justices – serve life terms – get out

of that only by…

Death

Resignation/retirement

Impeachment

Only hear case if question on

constitutionality – power to over turn any

Congressional act “interpret the law”

A DAY IN THE LIFE… A DAY IN THE LIFE… A DAY IN THE LIFE… A DAY IN THE LIFE…

Who appoints justices?Who appoints justices?Who appoints justices?Who appoints justices?

Who has to confirm them?Who has to confirm them?Who has to confirm them?Who has to confirm them?

Advisors recommend candidates… President Advisors recommend candidates… President Advisors recommend candidates… President Advisors recommend candidates… President

considers theirconsiders theirconsiders theirconsiders their

Professional backgroundProfessional backgroundProfessional backgroundProfessional background

Political/social viewsPolitical/social viewsPolitical/social viewsPolitical/social views

Collegiate careerCollegiate careerCollegiate careerCollegiate career

They go to work the first Monday in October They go to work the first Monday in October They go to work the first Monday in October They go to work the first Monday in October –––– end of end of end of end of

June/JulyJune/JulyJune/JulyJune/July

They have original jurisdiction over cases involving They have original jurisdiction over cases involving They have original jurisdiction over cases involving They have original jurisdiction over cases involving

the U.S.the U.S.the U.S.the U.S.

Have appellate jurisdiction if issue deals with Have appellate jurisdiction if issue deals with Have appellate jurisdiction if issue deals with Have appellate jurisdiction if issue deals with

federal problem and impacts majority of citizens federal problem and impacts majority of citizens federal problem and impacts majority of citizens federal problem and impacts majority of citizens

8,000 cases reach SC every year –court hears fewer than 100 a year


Select the cases by 4/9

Once the court decides a case should be heard, set a date it will be argued…

Briefs are submitted from both sides before oral arguments…

Justices study those briefs and look up past cases…

Hear oral arguments from both sides (30 min. each) – may do one case one day, another case another day


BUT THAT BUT THAT BUT THAT BUT THAT

ISN’T ALL….ISN’T ALL….ISN’T ALL….ISN’T ALL….

Justices deliberate with each other… They vote-majority wins! No jury!

MAJORITY OPINION MAJORITY OPINION MAJORITY OPINION MAJORITY OPINION –––– majority of justices majority of justices majority of justices majority of justices

write the opinion on WHY they voted the way write the opinion on WHY they voted the way write the opinion on WHY they voted the way write the opinion on WHY they voted the way

they did they did they did they did –––– sets precedent for future on all sets precedent for future on all sets precedent for future on all sets precedent for future on all

similar casessimilar casessimilar casessimilar cases


In the majority, justice could also write In the majority, justice could also write In the majority, justice could also write In the majority, justice could also write

CONCURRING OPINION CONCURRING OPINION CONCURRING OPINION CONCURRING OPINION –––– they agree with the they agree with the they agree with the they agree with the

majority but for different reasonsmajority but for different reasonsmajority but for different reasonsmajority but for different reasons

ORRRRR justices write DISSENTING ORRRRR justices write DISSENTING ORRRRR justices write DISSENTING ORRRRR justices write DISSENTING

OPINION OPINION OPINION OPINION –––– they disagree with the majority they disagree with the majority they disagree with the majority they disagree with the majority

and whyand whyand whyand why

Today’s Court……

John�Roberts,�55John�Roberts,�55John�Roberts,�55John�Roberts,�55• Chief�Justice�Chief�Justice�Chief�Justice�Chief�Justice�

• Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�George�W.�BushGeorge�W.�BushGeorge�W.�BushGeorge�W.�Bush

• Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Harvard�and�Harvard�and�Harvard�and�Harvard�and�Harvard�LawHarvard�LawHarvard�LawHarvard�Law

Antonin�Scalia,�74Antonin�Scalia,�74Antonin�Scalia,�74Antonin�Scalia,�74• Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Ronald�ReaganRonald�ReaganRonald�ReaganRonald�Reagan

• Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Georgetown�and�Georgetown�and�Georgetown�and�Georgetown�and�Harvard�LawHarvard�LawHarvard�LawHarvard�Law

Anthony�Kennedy,�73Anthony�Kennedy,�73Anthony�Kennedy,�73Anthony�Kennedy,�73

• Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Ronald�ReaganRonald�ReaganRonald�ReaganRonald�Reagan

• Graduated�Graduated�Graduated�Graduated�from�Stanford�from�Stanford�from�Stanford�from�Stanford�and�Harvard�and�Harvard�and�Harvard�and�Harvard�

LawLawLawLaw

Clarence�Thomas,�Clarence�Thomas,�Clarence�Thomas,�Clarence�Thomas,�61616161

• Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�George�HW�BushGeorge�HW�BushGeorge�HW�BushGeorge�HW�Bush

• Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Holy�Cross�and�Holy�Cross�and�Holy�Cross�and�Holy�Cross�and�Yale�LawYale�LawYale�LawYale�Law

Ruth�Bader�Ruth�Bader�Ruth�Bader�Ruth�Bader�Ginsburg,�77Ginsburg,�77Ginsburg,�77Ginsburg,�77

• Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�William�ClintonWilliam�ClintonWilliam�ClintonWilliam�Clinton

• Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Cornell�and�Cornell�and�Cornell�and�Cornell�and�Columbia�LawColumbia�LawColumbia�LawColumbia�Law

Stephen�Breyer,�71Stephen�Breyer,�71Stephen�Breyer,�71Stephen�Breyer,�71

• Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�William�ClintonWilliam�ClintonWilliam�ClintonWilliam�Clinton

• Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Stanford�and�Stanford�and�Stanford�and�Stanford�and�Harvard�LawHarvard�LawHarvard�LawHarvard�Law

Samuel�Alito,�Samuel�Alito,�Samuel�Alito,�Samuel�Alito,�59595959

• Appointed�By�Appointed�By�Appointed�By�Appointed�By�George�W.�BushGeorge�W.�BushGeorge�W.�BushGeorge�W.�Bush

• Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Princeton�and�Yale�Princeton�and�Yale�Princeton�and�Yale�Princeton�and�Yale�LawLawLawLaw

Sonia�Sotomayor,�Sonia�Sotomayor,�Sonia�Sotomayor,�Sonia�Sotomayor,�56565656

• Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Barack�ObamaBarack�ObamaBarack�ObamaBarack�Obama

• Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Yale�LawYale�LawYale�LawYale�Law

Elena�Kagan,�50Elena�Kagan,�50Elena�Kagan,�50Elena�Kagan,�50

• Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Appointed�by�Barack�ObamaBarack�ObamaBarack�ObamaBarack�Obama

• Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Graduate�of�Princeton,�Princeton,�Princeton,�Princeton,�Oxford,�Oxford,�Oxford,�Oxford,�Harvard�LawHarvard�LawHarvard�LawHarvard�Law

Nine�of�the�last�ten�justices�who�retired�or�died�in�office�were�at�least�75,�6�of�those�

were�79�or�older�4�justices�right�now�are�70+…�so�why�is�that�important�to�

our�next�President??

All right… bear with me. There are some super important cases you need to All right… bear with me. There are some super important cases you need to All right… bear with me. There are some super important cases you need to All right… bear with me. There are some super important cases you need to know even though you may not think they are important… THEY ARE! know even though you may not think they are important… THEY ARE! know even though you may not think they are important… THEY ARE! know even though you may not think they are important… THEY ARE!

1.��Marbury�v.�Madison,�18031.��Marbury�v.�Madison,�18031.��Marbury�v.�Madison,�18031.��Marbury�v.�Madison,�1803

Troubled�election�1800�Troubled�election�1800�Troubled�election�1800�Troubled�election�1800�––––

Democratic�Republicans�Democratic�Republicans�Democratic�Republicans�Democratic�Republicans�

(Jefferson)�won�Presidency�(Jefferson)�won�Presidency�(Jefferson)�won�Presidency�(Jefferson)�won�Presidency�

and�both�House�and�Senate�and�both�House�and�Senate�and�both�House�and�Senate�and�both�House�and�Senate�

majoritymajoritymajoritymajority

Outgoing�Federalists�Outgoing�Federalists�Outgoing�Federalists�Outgoing�Federalists�

bitter…�before�leaving,�bitter…�before�leaving,�bitter…�before�leaving,�bitter…�before�leaving,�

Pres.�John�Adams�Pres.�John�Adams�Pres.�John�Adams�Pres.�John�Adams�

appoints�federal�judges�appoints�federal�judges�appoints�federal�judges�appoints�federal�judges�

who�are�Federalists�to�who�are�Federalists�to�who�are�Federalists�to�who�are�Federalists�to�

kinda�stick�it�to�the�kinda�stick�it�to�the�kinda�stick�it�to�the�kinda�stick�it�to�the�

Democratic�Democratic�Democratic�Democratic�

RepublicansRepublicansRepublicansRepublicans

Next�day,�Jefferson�sees�assignments�not�delivered�to�judges�and�he�Next�day,�Jefferson�sees�assignments�not�delivered�to�judges�and�he�Next�day,�Jefferson�sees�assignments�not�delivered�to�judges�and�he�Next�day,�Jefferson�sees�assignments�not�delivered�to�judges�and�he�

says�“too�bad,�not�delivering�them!”��says�“too�bad,�not�delivering�them!”��says�“too�bad,�not�delivering�them!”��says�“too�bad,�not�delivering�them!”��

William�Marbury,�one�of�judges,�decides�to�sue�and�force�delivery�William�Marbury,�one�of�judges,�decides�to�sue�and�force�delivery�William�Marbury,�one�of�judges,�decides�to�sue�and�force�delivery�William�Marbury,�one�of�judges,�decides�to�sue�and�force�delivery�––––

goes�to�Supreme�Court�goes�to�Supreme�Court�goes�to�Supreme�Court�goes�to�Supreme�Court�


Unanimous�decision�by�SC�Unanimous�decision�by�SC�Unanimous�decision�by�SC�Unanimous�decision�by�SC�–––– claimed�the�SC�has�the�right�to�declare�claimed�the�SC�has�the�right�to�declare�claimed�the�SC�has�the�right�to�declare�claimed�the�SC�has�the�right�to�declare�

Congressional�acts�unconstitutional�Congressional�acts�unconstitutional�Congressional�acts�unconstitutional�Congressional�acts�unconstitutional�–––– idea�of�JUDICIAL�REVIEW!�idea�of�JUDICIAL�REVIEW!�idea�of�JUDICIAL�REVIEW!�idea�of�JUDICIAL�REVIEW!�

Actions�of�legislative�or�executive�cannot�be�contradictory�to�Actions�of�legislative�or�executive�cannot�be�contradictory�to�Actions�of�legislative�or�executive�cannot�be�contradictory�to�Actions�of�legislative�or�executive�cannot�be�contradictory�to�

Constitution�Constitution�Constitution�Constitution�–––– established�importance�of�SCestablished�importance�of�SCestablished�importance�of�SCestablished�importance�of�SC

Goes�PERFECT�with�health�care�Goes�PERFECT�with�health�care�Goes�PERFECT�with�health�care�Goes�PERFECT�with�health�care�

debate,�can�Federal�Government�debate,�can�Federal�Government�debate,�can�Federal�Government�debate,�can�Federal�Government�

force�me�to�buy�health�insurance�force�me�to�buy�health�insurance�force�me�to�buy�health�insurance�force�me�to�buy�health�insurance�

and�then�penalize�me�if�I�don’t�and�then�penalize�me�if�I�don’t�and�then�penalize�me�if�I�don’t�and�then�penalize�me�if�I�don’t�

want�it?�Was�it�to�intrusive�of�want�it?�Was�it�to�intrusive�of�want�it?�Was�it�to�intrusive�of�want�it?�Was�it�to�intrusive�of�

Congress?��SC�will�decide!!!!��Congress?��SC�will�decide!!!!��Congress?��SC�will�decide!!!!��Congress?��SC�will�decide!!!!��

Stay�tuned.��Stay�tuned.��Stay�tuned.��Stay�tuned.��


2. McCulloch v. Maryland, 18192. McCulloch v. Maryland, 18192. McCulloch v. Maryland, 18192. McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819

Established idea of national supremacy, federal Established idea of national supremacy, federal Established idea of national supremacy, federal Established idea of national supremacy, federal laws take priority over state lawslaws take priority over state lawslaws take priority over state lawslaws take priority over state laws

In addition… granted “necessary and proper” In addition… granted “necessary and proper” In addition… granted “necessary and proper” In addition… granted “necessary and proper” powers powers powers powers –––– SC approved the idea of implied powers SC approved the idea of implied powers SC approved the idea of implied powers SC approved the idea of implied powers

for Congressfor Congressfor Congressfor Congress

3. Plessy v. Ferguson, 18963. Plessy v. Ferguson, 18963. Plessy v. Ferguson, 18963. Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896

SC said racial segregation was CONSTITUTIONAL as long as the SC said racial segregation was CONSTITUTIONAL as long as the SC said racial segregation was CONSTITUTIONAL as long as the SC said racial segregation was CONSTITUTIONAL as long as the separate facilities were equal to each other separate facilities were equal to each other separate facilities were equal to each other separate facilities were equal to each other –––– gave legal support to racial gave legal support to racial gave legal support to racial gave legal support to racial

segregation for almost 60 yearssegregation for almost 60 yearssegregation for almost 60 yearssegregation for almost 60 years


4. Brown v. Board of Education, 19544. Brown v. Board of Education, 19544. Brown v. Board of Education, 19544. Brown v. Board of Education, 1954

Reversed Plessy, said racial Reversed Plessy, said racial Reversed Plessy, said racial Reversed Plessy, said racial

segregation in public schools was by segregation in public schools was by segregation in public schools was by segregation in public schools was by

unequal, because it created feelings unequal, because it created feelings unequal, because it created feelings unequal, because it created feelings

of inferiority of inferiority of inferiority of inferiority –––– “separate is “separate is “separate is “separate is

inherently unequal.”inherently unequal.”inherently unequal.”inherently unequal.”

5. Miranda v. Arizona, 19665. Miranda v. Arizona, 19665. Miranda v. Arizona, 19665. Miranda v. Arizona, 1966

5555thththth Amendment rights must start Amendment rights must start Amendment rights must start Amendment rights must start

before you are questionedbefore you are questionedbefore you are questionedbefore you are questioned----

Documents

Article III Judicial Branch - pkwy.k12.mo.us pp [Compatibility...Types of Jurisdiction–which court has the authority to hear or try the case? ORIGINAL Ac ourtinw hicha c aseisf irsth