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Arthritis and Other Joint Conditions
Arthritis Types
Rheumatoid Arthritis OsteoArthritis Infectious (Septic) Arthritis
Other Joint Conditions
Gout Pseudogout Torn/Strained Ligaments Torn Cartilage Tendinitis Bursitis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Description: Inflames Synovial Membranes in joint Abnormal Immune System Activity Synovial Tissue Thickens Causes ongoing inflammation and
cartilage breakdown
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Symptoms: Pain, stiffness, swelling in joints of hands, wrists, elbows, feet, ankles, knees, and neck
Diagnosis: joint examination, medical history, several tests
Risk Factors: Age, Gender (female), genetic susceptibility, smoking
Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment:
Physical Therapy: exercise, heat/cold, massage
Occupational Therapy Biofeedback (to control pain) Counselling Accupuncture Supplements Blood Filtering (severe cases)
OsteoArthritis
Description: Cartilage breakdown in joints; eventually can cause bone damage
Symptoms: pain in joints, limited Range of Motion, tenderness/swelling, creaking joints, deformity
OsteoArthritis
Diagnosis: Physical Exam, X-Rays, Blood Tests
Risk Factors: Age, Gender (female), previous joint injuries, obesity, weak thigh muscles (for knee), contracting gout, rheumatoid arthritis, or hemochromatosis
OsteoArthritis
Treatment: Medications: NSAIDS, Acetomeniphen,
corticosteroids, hyaluron injections Surgery: arthroscopy, osteomoty,
joint replacement, hip replacement, arthrodesis (fusing)
Infectious/Septic Arthritis
Description: joint inflammation as a result of an infection by bacteria, virus, parasites, or fungi; can damage tissue
Symptoms: joint pain, redness, swelling, decreased ROM, weight loss, fatigue, fever/chills
Infectious/Septic Arthritis
Diagnosis: blood tests, bone scans, X-Rays, MRI, CT scans, Bone Biopsy
Risk Factors: weakened immune system, metal inplants (joints, screws), diabetes, removed spleen, gonorrhea, rheumatoid arthritis, immuno-depressant drugs
Infectious/Septic Arthritis
Treatment: Treat infection: antibiotics, antiviral
drugs Drain fluid around joint Surgery
Gout
Description: High concentration of urate crystals in blood
Symptoms: inflammation/tenderness, pain, redness (usually in the foot)
Diagnosis: Urine Tests, Blood Tests
Gout
Risk Factors:Excessive alcohol consumption, High BP, Diabetes, High cholesterol, Genetics, Age, Gender (male)
Treatment: Medication: NSAIDS, corticosteroids,
uric acid lowering medications Adjust diet and alcohol consumption
Pseudogout
Description: Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate crystals in blood
Symptoms: inflammation, tenderness, redness, joint pain
Diagnosis: X-Rays, Joint fluid analysis
Pseudogout
Risk Factors: Age, Joint trama, Genetic disorder, Excess iron in blood
Treatment: Medications: NSAIDS, Colchicine Joint Aspiration Rest
Torn/Strained Ligaments
Description: Stretched/Torn Ligaments (ligaments hold bones together in a joint)
Symptoms: Pain, Swelling. Limited mobility, Joint instability
Diagnosis: Physical Exam, X-Rays, MRI
Torn/Strained Ligaments
Risk Factors: Previous injury, “loose” ligaments
Treatment: RICE Rehabilitation Medication: NSAIDS Surgery
Torn Cartilage
Description: torn cartilage (cartilage is the soft tissue between bone ends in a joint)
Symptoms: instant pain, swelling, “locked” joint
Diagnosis: Physical Exam, MRI
Torn Cartilage
Risk Factors: none known Treatment:
Rehabilitation Arthroscopic Surgery Invasive Surgery
Tendinitis
Description: inflammation of or microtears in tendon (tendon connects muscle to bone)
Symptoms: gradually increasing pain, sore to touch, swelling, stiffness
Diagnosis: Physical Exam, Medical/ Activity History, MRI, X-Rays
Tendinitis
Risk Factors: repetitive tasks Treatment:
Ice/Heat “Cho-Pat” Straps NSAIDS Surgery
Bursitis
Description: Swelling of the bursa (fluid pouch around joint)
Symptoms: Swell/Pain when pressure applied, pain, stiffness
Diagnosis: Physical Exam, Medical History, Draw Bursa Fluid for testing
Bursitis Risk Factors: Repetitive tasks;
people who work on their knees (carpet layers, roofers, gardeners)
Treatment: Medications: NSAIDS, Corticosteroids Ice Drain extra fluids Surgery