8/10/2019 ARTH206 Islamic Study Sheet

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ARTH206 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

ISLAMIC ART & ARCHITECTURE

(Chapter 7 of textbook)

The Isa!"# #$t$re be%"&s '"th the fo$&"&% of the re"%"o& of Isa! b the prophet

*$ha!!a (#+,70-6.2)+ Tho$%h a #a!e r"/er a& #ara/a& o'&er h"s !"ra#$o$s

/"s"o&s a& hear"&%s of the 'ors of 1o (Aah) as e"/ere to h"! b the Ar#ha&%e1abr"e e h"! to 'r"te the ora& (3$r4a&) the s#r"pt$re of Isa! a& the !ost

 bea$t"f$ 'ork "& the Arab"# a&%$a%e+ Isa! e/o/e o$t of 5$eo-Chr"st"a& be"efs "s

 base o& the b"b"#a O Testa!e&t a& "s str"#t !o&othe"st"# a& a&"#o&"# (oppose to"!a%es)+ The re"%"o& sprea rap" $&"t"&% the /ar"o$s fa#t"o&s of Arab"a 'here

*$ha!!a "/e a& the& sprea"&% 'e beo&+ I& the 'est "t exte&e a#ross orth

Afr"#a a& "&to Spa"& b 7,6+ I& the east "t sprea "&to Ira 8ers"a a& I&"a $r"&% the

sa!e per"o+ 9hat re!a"&e of the a&#"e&t Ro!a& 'or 'as !ost take& o/er '"ththe Otto!a& T$rks #o&$er"&% the Easter& Ro!a& E!p"re f"&a "&/a"&%

Co&sta&t"&ope "& :;,.+ S$bse$e&t the Otto!a&s exte&e the"r r$e o/er !$#h of

Easter& E$rope a!ost to the /er %ates of <"e&&a A$str"a+ The re%"o&s the #o&$ere

'ere bro$%ht "&to the rea! of Isa!"# #$t$re+

Isa!"# #$t$re absorbe a& tra&sfor!e the art"st"# a& ar#h"te#t$ra tra"t"o&s of thesere%"o&s+ I& per"os "& 'h"#h 9ester& E$rope s$ffere fro! the o&-%o"&% !"%rat"o&s a&

estr$#t"o&s of the barbar"a& tr"bes Isa!"# #o$rts preser/e 'hat 'as eft of Cass"#a

"terat$re h"stor !athe!at"#s a& s#"e&#e fro! Ro!e a& 1ree#e+ Isa!"# ar#h"te#t$rerefe#ts k&o'e%e of Ro!a& Ear Chr"st"a& a& =>a&t"&e a#h"e/e!e&ts+ Th"s "s

espe#"a to be see& "& the ao$t of !os$es the"r str$#t$ra sste!s a& e#orat"/e

te#h&"$es+ The Otto!a& T$rks for exa!pe pro$#e !a& !os$es that are /ar"at"o&s

of the Ha%"a Soph"a 'h"#h "tsef ha bee& #o&/erte fro! a Chr"st"a& #athera "&to a!os$e "& 'h"#h the S$ta& 'orsh"ppe+

The !os$e "s the pa#e of 'orsh"p '"th e&tr %ate a& #o$rtar 'here the ab$t"o&stake pa#e pr"or to praer+ O&e or !ore minaret  to'ers ser/e to #a the fa"thf$ to praer+

The !os$e "tsef has "ts praer 'a or qibla or"e&te to'ar *e##a the sa#re

 b"rthpa#e of the 8rophet+ 9"th"& the "ba "s a mihrab a& or&ate &"#he that pro/"esf$rther fo#$s to'ar *e##a+ ear the !"hrab "s tp"#a a minbar  a patfor! '"th steps

'here the praer eaer or "!a! e"/ers rea"&%s a& ser!o&s+

I& re"%"o$s art Isa! str"#t forb"s the portraa of 1o *$ha!!a or a& se&t"e&t#reat$re so s#$pt$ra a& p"#tor"a "!a%er of h$!a&s or a&"!as "s &ot part of !os$e

ar#h"te#t$ra "!a%er+ Th"s too 'as base o& be"efs he b !a& '"th"& 5$a"s! a&

the Chr"st"a&s of the Easter& Ro!a& E!p"re+ Yet e#orat"o& "& !os$es "s ofte& /err"#h $s"&% abstra#t patter&s #$r/"&% a& "&tera#"&% pa&t for!s a& fo'ers+ The

'ors of Aah "& the ora& 'ere re%are as so sa#re that the !$st be re#ore as

/"s$a 'o&erf$ as poss"be+ Th"s 'as o&e '"th bea$t"f$ #a"%raph set "& "&tr"#ate patter&e borers aor&"&% the borers of ar#hes a& other parts of the b$""&%+ The

res$ts are asto$&"&% eta"e abstra#t"o&s+ The /"s$a r"#h&ess a& #o!pex"t "s aso

to be fo$& "& the "&/e&t"/e a& "&tr"#ate treat!e&t of ar#hes a& /a$ts $s"&% #o!pex

%eo!etr"# es"%&s+ The ar#hes are ofte& s#aope a& po"&te the /a$ts a& o!es

R+ ?$&& pa%e :

8/10/2019 ARTH206 Islamic Study Sheet

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ARTH206 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

fa#ete "& %eo!etr"# pa&es that re#ee a& pro@e#t or ha/e #orbee #o&#a/e

#o!po&e&ts #ae muqarnas+

The bea$t"f$ abstra#t "&ear a& patter&e te&e&#"es of Isa!"# aesthet"#s aso are fo$&

"& the sto&e #ar/"&% a& t"e 'ork that e#orate paa#es a& to!bs "ke the Aha!bra a&

Ta@ *aha+

"st of 9orks

?o!e of the Ro#k 5er$sae! be%$& 6B7-6:

*as@"-"-Shah Isfaha& Ira&:6::-#+:6.0

Ta@ *aha A%ra I&"a :6.:-:6;7

*os$e of S$e!a& the *a%&"f"#e&t Ista&b$ T$rke :,,0-:,,7

1reat *os$e Coroba Spa"& be%$& 7B, '"th ater exte&s"o&s B..-BB

Aha!bra 1ra&aa Spa"& :.th a& :;th #e&t$r"es

Ter!s a& a!es

*$ha!!a *"&aret

ora& Horseshoe ar#h

*os$e *"&bar 3"ba S"&a&

*"hrab s#aope ar#h

R+ ?$&& pa%e 2