Arte 329 Midterm

The Elements and Principals of Design

Brianna Rose

The Elements of

DesignLINE

SHAPE

VALUE FORM

TEXTURE

COLOR

SPACE

Formal elements that are the most fundamental

components of a work of art; also called visual

elements and sensory properties.

LINE A line is a thin mark made by a pencil, pen, chalk, brush or similar tool; an outline or edge around a shape. Lines can reveal a lot of detail.

Three Penny NovelBy Rico Lebrun

Shape

An enclosed area, defined by its boundaries

Geometric Shape

Abstract Shape

2D Shape Figure/Ground

This refers to the tendency to divide a visual pattern into two kinds of shapes. Figure is the focus and attention of the work and ground in the remaining area. The figure(s) appear to be on top of ground and surrounded by the ground.

3D Form Something that takes up real space and also has real weight, density and bulk.

ValueThe relative lightness and darkness of a color; also used to describe a scale of grays from light to dark.

High Key (light)

Low Key (dark) Value

Texture

Texture is the surface quality of things; smooth, rough, glossy, matte, and so forth.

Simulated Texture

Depicted in realistic paintings and photography, simulated texture is sometimes more important than the texture of the work itself. Although simulated texture is vivid, it cannot be touched.

Actual TextureReal Texture

ColorColor is a visual element with three

properties: hue (the quality that distinguishes one “color” from another, as

red from green), value (lightness or darkness), and intensity (brightness or

dullness).

Primary ColorsThese are the basic colors from which all others may be mixed:

red, yellow, and blue.

Green, orange, and violet: Each of these colors can be

made by mixing any two of the primary colors.

Secondary Colors

Any color made by mixing one primary and

one secondary hue.

Tertiary Colors

Monochromatic Color SchemeDifferent shades/variations of the same

color.

Warm ColorsReds, yellows, yellow- oranges, red- violets, yellow- greens, and red- oranges; and colors (hues) in which red or yellow predominates; the opposite of cool colors they are likely to evoke warmth and excitement. Many relate red to fire and blood and yellow to the sun.

Blues, blue- greens, blue- purples; these are hues in which blue predominates; the opposite of warm colors they are likely to have a quieting effect, blue resembling water or the sky.

Cool Colors

Neutral ColorsGray, white, black, or very dull browns, these colors cannot be identified with

any of the spectrum hues.

SpaceSpace is the area

between or surrounding shapes in two

dimensional art; also called volume in three

dimensional art; sometimes referred to

as negative art.

The PRINCIPLES Of Design

EMPHASISUNITY

BALANCE

VARIETY

CONTRAST

PROPORtion

REPETITION

Guidelines for composing an artwork; the way in which an artist

employs the art elements in composing a work of art; also

called formal properties.

EmphasisAlso know as dominance, emphasis is the center of interest. Visually, it is a function

of size, brilliance, location and contrast with surroundings.

Emphasis of ColorOne color predominates.

Emphasis of ShapePredominance of shape.

UnityUnity is the state of being one,

indivisible; in art, a perception that nothing is missing and nothing is

extraneous.

Proximity GroupingGrouping some things

close together to reduce the number of focal

points.

SimilaritySimilarity is a way to connect things without grouping them

together.

Balance Balance is the appearance of equilibrium in an art work.

Symmetrical Balance Symmetrical balance is similar in some respects to geometric objects; they are

inherently balanced.

Asymmetrical Balance

Asymmetrical balance is having equal visual weight on either side of its

axis, but the visual elements producing it are not identical.

Radial BalanceThis is when similar parts

are distributed evenly around a central axis.

VarietyVariety is the differences between and among elements or

features of a composition.

Contrast is the use of opposing elements. For example, opposite

colors on the wheel like red/green, blue/orange. Can also

be seen in value, size, etc.

Contrast

Proportion (Scale) The relationship of size between objects.

RepetitionThis is the reoccurrence of

elements within a piece: colors, lines, shapes, values, etc. Any

element that occurs is generally echoed with some variation to

keep interest.

Rhythm

In an artwork, rhythm is a repetition of elements or features that are

identical or similar.

Regular RhythmRegular rhythm is the repetition of

elements that are the same or nearly the same in regular sequences.

Irregular RhythmIrregular rhythms might repeat throughout a

painting without any exactduplication.

Pattern

Pattern uses the art elements in planned or

random repetitions to enhance surfaces of painting

or sculptures. They often occur in nature and artists use

similar repeated motifs to create pattern in their work. Pattern also increases visual

excitement by enriching surface interest.

Straight Grid Repeat Pattern

This is a pattern that contains grids of two or more lines that

are equally spaced apart.

Half- drop RepeatThis repeat system is a variation on the

full drop system. In every second row the squares are dropped down vertically to

the depth of half a square.

A reflection pattern is when the motif reflects, as in a mirror.

Rotational Pattern

A rotation pattern is when the motif turns.

SOURCES•http://www.greatwesternnetwork.com/roshau/Principles%20of%20Art%20Syllabus%20ITV.pdf•http://www.swtafe.vic.edu.au/Departments/Art/Cd/Pattern.HTM•http://www.dartmouth.edu/~matc/math5.pattern/lesson3art.html•http://images.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi