Art Biology Marzuq

7/21/2019 Art Biology Marzuq

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EXPERIMENT 3.1 : STUDYING THE MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS

A SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE .



PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE SIZE OF SOLUTE MOLECULES IN THE VISKING TUBING EFFECT THECOLOUR OF SOLUTION IN THE VISKING TUBING ?

HYPOTHESIS :

THE HIGHER THE SIZE OF SOLUTE MOLECULES IN THE VISKING TUBING , THEHIGHER THE COLOUR OF SOLUTION IN THE VISKING TUBING .

VARIABLES

MANIPULATED VARIABLE :

THE SIZE OF SOLUTE MOLECUS IN THE VISKING TUBING

RESPONDING VARIABLE :

THE COLOUR OF SOLUTION IN THE VISKING TUBING

CONSTANT VARIABLE : THE SURROUNDING TEMPERATURE , THE TIME TAKEN , AND THE VOLUME OFSOLUTION

LIST OF APPARATUS & MATERIALS :

TEST TUBES , BEAKERS , BUNSEN BURNER , BENEDICT SOLUTION , 1% STARCHSUSPENSION , IODINE SOLUTION , 30% GLUCOSE SOLUTION , A VISKING TUBINGAND COTTON THREAD .

PROCEDURE :

1. TAKE A VISKING TUBE AND SOAK IT IN ATER FOR ! MINUTES TO SOFTEN IT .". TIED FIRML# ONE END OF THE VISKING TUBING ITH A PIECE OF COTTON

THREAD TO PREVENT LEAKAGE .3. FILLED THE VISKING TUBING ITH 1!ML OF GLUCOSE SOLUTION AND 1!ML

OF STARCH SUSPENSION .$. TIE THE OTHER END OF THE VISKING TUBING ITH ANOTHER PIECE OF

COTTON THREAD .!. RECORD THE COLOUR OF THE SOLUTION IN A TABLE .. RINSE THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE VISKING TUBING ITH DISTILLED

ATER .&. MIX $00 ML OF DISTILLED ATER AND 1! ML OF IODINE SOLUTION IN A

BEAKER .

'. RECORD THE COLOUR OF SOLUTION A TABLE .(. IMMERSE THE VISKING TUBING IN A BEAKER OF SOLUTION ) $00 ML OFDISTILLED ATER ITH 1! ML OF IODINE SOLUTION * AND LEFT IT STANDFOR $0 MINUTES .

10.THE VISKING TUBING IS TRANSFER TO A DR# BEAKER AFTER $0 MINUTES .11.RECORD AND OBSERVE THE COLOUR OF SOLUTION IN THE VISKING TUBING

AND THE BEAKER1".TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF GLUCOSE SOLUTION IN BOTH SOLUTION USING

BENEDICT SOLUTION .



13.POUR " ML OF EACH SOLUTION INTO SEPARATE TEST TUBES AND THEN ADD 1ML OF BENEDICT SOLUTION TO EACH TEST TUBE .

1$.HEAT EACH TEST TUBE IN A BOILING ATER BATH FOR ABOUT ! MINUTESAND RECORD THE CHANGE IN COLOUR SOLUTION IN A TABLE .

1!.BE CAREFUL NOT TO SPILL THE CONTENS OF THE VISKING TUBING INTO THEBEAKER .

PRESENTATION OF DATA

CONTENTS INITIALCOLOUR

FINAL COLOUR BENEDICTSOLUTION

TESTVISKING TUBEBEAKER



EXPERIMENT 3." : STUDYING OSMOSIS USING AN OSMOMETER .

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE TIME EFFECT THE INCREASE IN THE LEVEL OF SUCROSE SOLOUTION ?

HYPOTHESIS :

THE LONGER THE TIME , THE HIGHER THE LEVEL OF SUCROSE SOLUTION .

VARIABLES


THE TIME ) IN MINUTES *


THE INCREASE IN THE LEVEL OF SUCROSE SOLUTION .

CONSTANT VARIABLE :

THE SURROUNDING TEMPERATURE AND THE CONCENTRATION OF SUCROSESOLUTION .

LIST OF APPARATUS AND MATERIALS :

A RETORT STAND , "! CM CAPILAR# TUBE , A RULER , A MARKER PEN , SCISSORS ,"!0 ML BEAKER , A S#RINGE , A STOPATCH , 30% SUCROSE SOLUTION , DISTILLEDATER , A VISKING TUBING AND COTTON THREAD .

PROCEDURE :

1. CUT A VISKING TUBING ABOUT ' CM LONG .

". SOAK THE VISKING TUBING IN ATER FOR ABOUT ! MINUTES TO SOFTEN IT .3. TIE TIGHTL# ONE END OF THE TUBE ITH A PIECE OF COTTON THREAD TO

FORM A BAG.$. FILL ITH 30% SUCROSE SOLUTION IN THE VISKING TUBING USING A

S#RINGE .!. TIE THE OTHER END OF THE VISKING TUBING AT THE BOTTOM OF THE

CAPILAR# TUBE .. RINSE THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE VISKING TUBING ITH DISTILLED

ATER .&. CLAMP VERTICALL# THE CAPILLAR# TUBE TO THE RETORT STAND .'. IMMERSE THE VISKING TUBING IN A BEAKER FILL ITH DISTILLED ATER .(. AT THE BEGINNING OF THE EXPERIMENT , MARK THE INITIAL LEVEL OF THE

SUCROSE SOLUTION IN THE CAPILLAR# TUBE ITH A MARKER PEN .10.MARK THE LEVEL OF SUCROSE SOLUTION EVER# 10 MINUTES , FOR A

DURATION OF $0 MINUTES .11.RECORD AND MEASURE THE LEVEL OF SUCROSE SOLUTION , IN THE

CAPILLAR# TUBE EACH INTERVAL IN A TABLE .1".BE CAREFUL NOT TO SPILL THE CONTENS OF THE VISKING TUBING INTO THE

BEAKER .




TIME ) MINUTES * THE INCREASE IN THE HEIGHT OFSUCROSE SOLUTION FROM THE INITIALLEVEL )MM*



EXPERIMENT 3.3 : THE CONCENTRATION OF AN EXTERNAL SOLUTION WHICH

IS ISOTONIC TO THE CELL SAP OF PLANT CELLS

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE CONCENTRATION OF SUCROSE SOLUTION EFFECT THE MASS OF POTATOCHIPS

HYPOTHESIS :

THE HIGHER THE CONCENTRATION OF SUCROSE SOLUTION , THE LOER THE MASSOF POTATO CHIPS .

VARIABLES


THE CONCENTRATION OF SUCROSE SOLUTION .


THE MASS OF POTATO CHIPS .

CONSTANT VARIABLE :

THE SURROUNDING TEMPERATURE AND THE TIME


A RAZOR BLADE OR A SHARP SCALPEL , A CORK BORER , PETRI DISHES , FORCEPS ,A RULER , !0 ML BEAKER , AN ELECTRIC BALANCE , A FRESHL# CUT POTATO ,DISTILLED ATER , 0.1 M , 0." M , 0.3 M , 0.$ M , 0.! M , AND 0. M SUCROSESOLUTION AND TISSUE PAPER .

PROCEDURE :

1. PREPARE SEVEN PETRI DISH AND LABEL A,B,C,D,E,F AND G ON IT .". FILL EACH BEAKER RESPECTIVEL# ITH THIS FOLLOING SOLUTIONS :

A : DISTILLED ATERB : 0.1 M SUCROSE SOLUTIONC : 0." M SUCROSE SOLUTIOND : 0.3 M SUCROSE SOLUTIONE : 0.$ M SUCROSE SOLUTIONF : 0.! M SUCROSE SOLUTIONG : 0. M SUCROSE SOLUTION

3. PUSH A MEDIUM+SIZED CORK BORER THROUGH A LARGE POTATO .$. REMOVE THE POTATO TISSUE FROM THE CORK BORER .!. CUT IT INTO A C#LINDRICAL STRIP !0 MM LONG .



. REPEAT STEPS 3 TO ! TO PREPARE ANOTHER SIX C#LINDRICAL STRIPS OF THESAME LENGTH .

&. IPE DR# EACH STRIP ITH A PIECE OF TISSUE PAPER .'. EIGH THE MASS OF EACH POTATO STRIP AND RECORD THE DATA IN A TABLE

.(. PLACE EACH STRIP OF THE POTATO IN A PETRI DISH .10.COVER THE STRIPS OF POTATO IN THE SOLUTION .11.SOAK EACH STRIP AND LEAVE IT FOR AN HOUR .1".AFTER AN HOUR , REMOVE EACH STRIP FROM ITS RESPECTIVE PETRI DISH

AND IPE DR# .13.EIGH AND RECORD AGAIN THE MASS OF EACH STRIP POTATO IN A TABLE .1$.RECORD THE RESULT IN A TABLE . DRA A GRAPH OF THE PERCENTAGE

DIFFERENCE IN MASS AGAINST THE CONCENTRATION OF THE SUCROSESOLUTION .

PRESENTATION OF DATA :

SOLUTI

ON

PETRI

DISH

MASS OF THE

STRIP OF POTATO

(G)

DIFFEREN

CE IN

MASS

PERCENTA

GE

DIFFEREN

CE IN

MASS (%)

TEXTURE

AND

APPEARAN

CE

ORIGIN

AL

MASS

FINAL

MASS

DISTILLED ATER0.1 MSUCROSESOLUTION0." MSUCROSESOLUTION0.3 MSUCROSESOLUTION

0.$ MSUCROSESOLUTION0.! MSUCROSESOLUTION



0. MSUCROSESOLUTION

EXPERIMENT $.1 : THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ACTIVITY OF

SALIVARY AMYLASE .

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE TEMPERATURE OF THE MEDIUM , EFFECT THE RATE OF ENZ#MATICREACTION ?

HYPOTHESIS :

THE HIGHER THE TEMPERATURE OF THE MEDIUM ) OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE 3&CELCIUS *

, THE HIGHER THE RATE OF ENZ#MATIC REACTION

VARIABLES


THE TEMPERATURE OF THE MEDIUM


THE RATE OF ENZ#MATIC REACTION

CONSTANT VARIABLE :

THE VOLUME OF SALIVA ) ENZ#ME * , THE VOLUME AND CONCENTRATION OFSTARCH SUSPENSION , AND THE H OF THE MEDIUM .


BEAKERS , TEST TUBES , S#RINGES , DROPPERS , GLASS RODS , SPOTTING TILES , THERMOMETERS , A BUNSEN BURNER , A TRIPOD STAND , A TEST+TUBE RACK , A



IRE GAUZE , A STOPATCH , 1% STARCH SUSPENSION , SALIVA SOLUTION , IODINESOLUTION , ICE AND DISTILLED ATER .

PROCEDURE :

1. COLLECT THE SALIVA IN A BEAKER AND DILUTE IT ITH AN E-UAL VOLUME

OF DISTILLED ATER . ) RINSE #OUR MOUTH BEFORE COLLECTING THESALIVA * .". LABEL A1 , B1 , C1 , D1 AND E1 RESPECTIVEL# ON EACH TESTUBE AND ADD !

ML OF 1% STARCH SUSPENSION IN EACH OF IT .3. LABEL ANOTHER A" , B" , C" , D" ,AND E" RESPECTIVEL# ON ANOTHER

EACH TEST TUBE AND ADD " ML OF SALIVA SOLUTION IN EACH OF IT .$. IMMERSE TEST TUBES A1 AND A" , B1 AND B" , C1 AND C" AND D1 AND D" ,

E1 AND E" RESPECTIVEL# INTO FIVE DIFFERENT ATER BATHS ITH TEMPERATURE HICH ARE KEEP CONSTANT AT 0OC , "'OC , 3&OC , $!OC AND0OC .

!. LEAVE THE TEST TUBE FOR FIVE MINUTES .. PLACE A DROP OF DILUTE IODINE SOLUTION INTO EACH GROOVE OF THE

HITE TILE .&. POUR THE STARCH SUSPENSION IN TEST TUBE A1 INTO THE SALIVA SOLUTION

IN TEST TUBE A" AFTER FIVE MINUTES .'. STIR THE MIXTURE USING A GLASS ROD . ACTIVATE A STOPATCH AND

RECORD THE TIME AS ZERO MINUTE .(. IMMEDIATEL# PLACE A DROP OF MIXTURE FROM TEST TUBE A" IN THE FIRST

GROOVE OF THE TILE CONTAINING THE IODINE SOLUTION .10.REPEAT THE IODINE TEST EVER# MINUTE FOR 10 MINUTES . THEN , RINSE

THE DROPPER IN A BEAKER OF DISTILLED ATER AFTER EACH SAMPLNG .11.HEN THE MIXTURE NO LONGER TURNS BLUE+BLACK HEN TEST ITH THE

IODINE SOLUTION , RECORD THE TIME TAKEN FOR THE H#DROL#SIS OF

STARCH TO BE COMPLETE .1".THROUGHOUT THE EXPERIMENT , KEEP THE TEST TUBES CONTAINING THEMIXTURE IN THEIR RESPECTIVE ATER BATHS .

13.REPEAT STEPS & TO 10 FOR THE TEST TUBES B1 , C1 , D1 AND E1 .1$.THROUGHOUT THE EXPERIMENT , ENSURE THE TEMPERATURE REMAIN

CONSTANT USING THERMOMETERS .1!.RECORD THE RESULT IN A FOLLOING TABLE AND PLOT A GRAPH SHOING

THE RATE OF ENZ#MATIC REACTION , 1/ AGAINST TEMPERATURE )OC* .


TEST TUBE TEMPERATURE )OC* TIME TAKEN FOR THE H#DROL#SISOF STARCH TO BE

COMPLETE)MINUTE*

RATE OFENZ#MATIC

REACTION 1/)MINUTE +1*

A" 0B" "'C" 3&D" $!E" 0



EXPERIMENT $." : THE EFFECTS OF PH ON THE ACTIVITY OF PEPSIN .

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE PH OF MEDIUM EFFECT THE CLARIT# OF A SOLUTION ?

HYPOTHESIS :

THE HIGHER THE ACIDIC PH , THE HIGHER THE RATE OF PEPSIN UNTIL IT REACHES THE OPTIMUM PH .

VARIABLES


THE PH OF MEDIUM


THE CLARIT# OF THE SOLUTION

CONSTANT VARIABLE :

THE VOLUME AND CONCENTRATION OF ALBUMEN SUSPENSION , THE VOLUME ANDCONCENTRATION OF PEPSIN SOLUTION AND THE TEMPERATURE OF THE MEDIUM .




BEAKERS , DROPPERS , THERMOMETERS , TEST TUBES , ! ML S#RINGES , PH PAPER ,IRE GAUZE , A STOPATCH , A TEST+TUBE RACK , ALBUMEN SUSPENSION , 1%PEPSIN SOLUTION , 0.1 M H#DROCHLORIC ACID , 0.1 , SODIUM H#DROXIDESOLUTION AND DISTILLED ATER .

PROCEDURE :

1. PREPARE AN ALBUMEN SUSPENSION B# MIXING EGG HITE FROM AN EGGITH !00 ML OF DISTILLED ATER . THEN , BOILED AND COLLED DON THESUSPENSION . REMOVE LARGE PARTICLE B# USING USING GLASS OOL .

". PREPARE AND LABEL THREE TEST TUBES ITH A , B , C RESPECTIVEL# .3. ADD ! ML OF THE ALBUMEN SUSPENSION USING A S#RINGE TO EACH TEST

TUBE .$. ADD THE SOLUTIONS BELO TO THE TEST TUBE . :

P : 1ML OF 0.1 M H#DROCHLORIC ACID 1 ML OF 1% PEPSIN SOLUTION .- : 1 ML OF DISTILLED ATER 1 ML OF 1% PEPSIN SOLUTION .R : 1 ML OF 0.1 M SODIUM H#DROXIDE SOLUTION 1 ML OF 1% PEPSINSOLUTION .

!. DIP A PIECE OF PH PAPER INTO EACH TEST TUBE AND DETERMINE ANDRECORD THE PH VALUE .

. IMMERSE ALL THE TEST TUBES IN A ATER BATH MAINTAIN AT 3&OC FOR "0MINUTES

&. OBSERVE THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIXTURES AT THE BEGINNING OF THEEXPERIMENT AND AGAIN AFTER "0 MINUTES .

'. RECORD THE RESULTS IN A TABLE .


TEST TUBE PH MIXTUREAT THE BEGINNING

OF THEEXPERIMENT

AFTER "0 MINUTES

P 3- &R '



EXPERIMENT $.3 : THE EFFECTS OF SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION ON THE

ACTIVITY OF SALIVARY AMILASE .

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE CONCENTRATION OF STARCH SUSPENSION , EFFECT THE TIME TAKEN FOR THE H#DROL#SIS OF STARCH TO BE COMPLETE ?

HYPOTHESIS :

THE HIGHER THE CONCENTRATION OF STARCH , THE HIGHER THE TIME TAKEN FOR THE H#DROL#SIS OF STARCH TO BE COMPLETE UNTIL IT REACHES A MAXIMUM

RATE .

VARIABLES

MANIPULATED VARIABLES :

THE CONCENTRATION OF STARCH SUSPENSION

RESPONDING VARIABLES :



THE TIME TAKEN FOR THE H#DROL#SIS OF STACH TO BE COMPLETE .

CONSTANT VARIABLES :

THE ENZ#ME CONCENTRATION , THE TEMPERATURE AND THE PH OF THE MEDIUM .


! ML S#RINGES , 1ML S#RINGES , TEST TUBES , GLASS RODS , A STOPATCH , AHITE SPOTTING TILE , DROPPERS , MEASURING C#LINDERS , STARCH SUSPENSIONAT VARIOUS CONCENTRATION ) 0.1% , 0."% , 0.3% , 0.$% , 0.!% , AND 0.% * 0.1%AM#LASE OR SALIVA SUSPENSION , IODINE SOLUTION AND DISTILLED ATER .

PROCEDURE :

1. PREPARE 10 ML OF 0.1% SALIVAR# AM#LASE .". PREPARE AND LABEL A TO F SIX TEST TUBES .3. POUR $ ML OF STARCH SUSPENSION OF VAROUS CONCENTRATIONS INTO THE

TEST TUBE USING DIFFERENT S#RINGES .

A : 0.1% STARCH SUSPENSIONB : 0."% STARCH SUSPENSIONC : 0.3% STARCH SUSPENSIOND : 0.$% STARCH SUSPENSIONE : 0.!% STARCH SUSPENSIONF : 0.% STARCH SUSPENSION

$. IMMERSE THE TEST TUBES IN A ATER BATH AT 3&OC .!. ADD DROPS OF IODINE SOLUTION SEPERATEL# ONTO THE GROOVES OF THE

HITE TILE. ADD 1 ML OF 0.1% AM#LASE TO THE TEST TUBE A USING A S#RINGE .&. ACTIVATE IMMEDIATEL# A STOPATCH ) O MINUTE * . STIR THE CONTENTS

USING A GLASS ROD . TEST A DROP OF THE MIXTURE ITH THE IODINE

SOLUTION ON THE HITE TILE . REPEAT THIS STEP AT 30 SECOND INTERVALUNTIL THE MIXTURE STOPS TURNING BLUE BLACK IN COLOUR HEN TESTITH IODINE SOLUTION .

'. RECORD THE TIME TAKEN FOR THE H#DROL#SIS OF STARCH TO BE COMPLETE.

(. REPEAT STEPS AND & ITH TEST TUBES B , C , D , E AND F .10.REMEMBER TO RINSE THE DROPPER ITH CLEAN DISTILLED ATER AT EVER#

SAMPLING .11.RECORD THE RESULTS IN A TABLE .

PRESENTATION OF DATA : TES T

TUBE

CONCENTRATION OF STARCHSUSPENSION

)%*

TIME TAKEN FOR THEH#DROL#SIS OFSTARCH TO BE

COMPLETE

RATE OF REACTION SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION

TIME)% MINUTE +1*

)SECONDS*

)MINUTES*

A



BCDEF

EXPERIMENT $.$ : THE EFFECTS OF ENZYME CONCENTRATION ON THE

ACTIVITY OF SALIVARY AMYLASE .

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE CONCENTRATION OF ENZ#ME , EFFECT THE TIME TAKEN FOR THE

H#DROL#SIS OF STARCH TO BE COMPLETE ?HYPOTHESIS :

THE HIGHER THE CONCENTRATION OF ENZ#ME , THE LESSER THE TIME TAKEN FOR THE H#DROL#SIS OF STARCH TO BE COMPLETE .

VARIABLES




THE CONCENTRATION OF ENZ#ME .


THE TIME TAKEN FOR THE H#DROL#SIS OF STARCH TO BE COMPLETE .


! ML S#RINGES , 1 ML S#RINGES , TEST TUBES , GLASS RODS , A STOPATCH , ASPOTTING TILE , MEASURING C#LINDERS , DROPPERS , 1% STARCH SUSPENSION ,0.'% AM#LASE OR SALIVA SUSPENSION , IODINE SOLUTION , AND DISTILLEDATER .

PROCEDURES :

1. PREPARE SIX TEST TUBES AND LABEL A TO F ON IT .". FILL THE TEST TUBE ITH THE FOLLOING MIXTURES

A : 0.! ML OF 0.'% AM#LASE ".! ML DISTILLED ATERB : 1.0 ML OF 0.'% AM#LASE ".0 ML DISTILLED ATER

C : 1.! ML OF 0.'% AM#LASE 1.! ML DISTILLED ATERD : ".0 ML OF 0.'% AM#LASE 1.0 ML DISTILLED ATERE : ".! ML OF 0.'% AM#LASE 0.! ML DISTILLED ATERF : 3.0ML OF 0.'% AM#LASE

3. IMMERSE TEST TUBES A TO F IN A ATER BATH SET AT 3&OC .$. MEANHILE , ADD DROPS OF IODINE SOLUTION SEPERATEL# ONTO THE

GROOVES OF THE HITE TILE .!. ADD $ML OF 1% STARCH SUSPENSION TO TEST TUBE A USING A S#RINGE .

IMMEDIATEL# , ACTIVATE A STOPATCH AND RECORD THE TIME AS 0MINUTE .

. STIR THE MIXTURE IN THE TEST TUBES USING A GLASS ROD . REMOVE ASMALL AMOUNT OF THE MIXTURE AND TEST ITH THE IODINE SOLUTION ON

A TILE .&. REPEAT THE IODINE TEST AT 30+SECOND INTERVALS UNTIL THE MIXTURE

DOES NOT TURN BLUE+BLACK HEN TEST ITH THE IODINE SOLUTION .'. REPEAT STEPS $ TO & ITH THE CONTENTS OF TEST TUBES B , C D E AND F .(. RECORD AND TABULATE ALL RESULTS IN A TABLES .10.CALCULATE THE RATE OF ENZ#MATIC REACTION )1TIME * . DRA AND PLOT

A GRAPH OF THE RATE OF ENZ#MATIC REACTION , 1/ AGAINST THE ENZ#MECONCENTRATION .

11.DO NOT TOUCH THE BEAKER AND THE TEST TUBE ITH BARE HANDS HILE THE EXPERIMENT IS OCCUR .

PRESENTATION OF DATA .

TES T

TUBE

CONCENTRATIONOF AM#LASE )%*

TIME TAKEN FOR THE H#DROL#SISOF STARCH TO BE COMPLETE

RATE OFENZ#MATIC

REACTION )1/*)MINUTE+1*

)SECONDS* )MINUTES*

ABC



DEF

EXPERIMENT .1 : DETERMINING THE VITAMIN C CONTENT IN VARIOUS FRUIT

UICES .

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE CONCENTRATION OF VITAMIN C EFFECT THE VOLUME OF FRUIT 2UICENEEDED TO DECOLOURISE DCPIP SOLUTION ?

HYPOTHESIS :

LIME 2UICE CONTAINS A HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF VITAMIN C HEREASPINEAPPLE 2UICE AND ORANGE 2UICE CONTAINS LOER CONCENTRATION OFVITAMIN C



VARIABLES


CONCENTRATION OF VITAMIN C .


THE VOLUME OF FRUIT 2UICE NEEDED TO DECOLOURISE DCPIP SOLUTION .


THE VOLUME OF DCPIP SOLUTION AND STANDARD CONCENTRATION OF ASCORBICACID SOLUTION .


SPECIMEN TUBES , A S#RINGE ) 1 ML * , S#RINGES ) ! ML * ITH NEEDLES ,BEAKERS ) !O ML * , GAUZE CLOTH , A KNIFE , 1.0% DICHLOROPHENOLINDOPHENOL, SOLUTION ) DCPIP * , 0.1% ASCORBIC ACID SOLUTION , FRESHL# PREPARE LIME

2UICE , PINEAPPLE 2UICE AND ORANGE 2UICE .

PROCEDURE :

1. PLACE 1 ML OF 1.0% DCPIP SOLUTION IN A SPECIMEN TUBE USING 1 MLS#RINGE .

". FILL THE ! ML S#RINGE ITH 0.1% ASCORBIC ACID SOLUTION .3. PLACE THE NEEDLE OF THE S#RINGE INTO THE DCPIP SOLUTION .$. ADD THE ASCORBIC ACID DROP B# DROP TO THE DCPIP SOLUTION . GENTL#

STIR THE MIXTURE ITH THE NEEDLE OF THE S#RINGE . CONTINUOSL# ADD THE ASCORBIC ACID SOLUTION UNTIL THE DCPIP SOLUTION ISDECOLOURISE . RECORD THE VOLUME OF ASCORBIC ACID SOLUTION USE .

!. REPEAT STEPS 1 TO $ USING FRESHL# S-UEEZE LIME 2UICE , PINEAPPLE 2UICEAND ORANGE 2UICE RESPECTIVEL# . RECORD THE VOLUME OF FRUIT 2UICERE-UIRED TO DECOLOURISE THE DCPIP SOLUTION IN EACH CASE IN A TABLE .

. TABULATE THE RESULTS . CALCULATE THE PERCENTAGE AND THECONCENTRATION OF VITAMIN C IN EACH OF THE FRUIT 2UICES USING THEFORMULAE BELO

&. DCPIP SOLUTION CANNOT BE SHAKEN VIGOROUSL# HEN ASCORBIC ACID ISBEING ADDED TO AVOID AN# INCCURACIES OF THE VOLUME OF FRUIT 2UICENEEDED TO REDUCE THE DCPIP SOLUTION .

PERCENTAGE OF VITAMIN C IN FRUIT 2UICE

VOLUME OF 0.1% ASCORBIC ACID SOLUTION X0.1% VOLUME OF FRUIT 2UICE USED

CONCENTRATION OF VITAMIN C IN FRUIT 2UICE VOLUME OF 0.1% ASCORBIC ACID SOLUTION X1.04 5+3

VOLUME OF FRUIT 2UICE USED




SOLUTIONFRUIT 2UICE

VOLUME OFSOLUTION OR FRUIT

2UICE NEEDED TODECOLOURISE 1 MLOF DCPIP SOLUTION

PERCENTAGE OFVITAMIN C IN

FRUIT 2UICE )%*

VITAMIN CCONCENTRATION

IN FRUIT 2UICE)4 5+3*

1 " 3 AVERAGE

0.1% ASCORBICACID

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

LIME 2UICE 3."

3.0

3.1

3.1

PINEAPPLE 2UICE $.(

$.(

$.'

$.(

ORANGE 2UICE !.0

!.3

!."

!."

EXPERIMENT ." : THE ENZYME ACTION ON STARCH

PROBLEM STATEMENT :



ARE THE ABSENCE OF PRESENCE OF SALIVAR# AM#LASE AND STARCH EFFECT THEPRESENCE OF REDUCING SUGAR ?

HYPOTHESIS :

PRESENCE OF SALIVAR# AM#LASE H#DROL#SES STARCH INTO REDUCING SUGAR .

VARIABLES


ABSENCE AND PRESENCE OF SALIVAR# AM#LASE AND STARCH


THE PRESENCE OF REDUCING SUGAR


TEMPERATURE AT 3&OC , STARCH CONCENTRATION AND VOLUME MIXTURE .


10 ML PIPETTE , !00 ML BEAKER , TEST TUBES , TEST+TUBE HOLDERS , A BUNSENBURNER , A THERMOMETER , DROPPERS , A GLASS ROD , A SPOTTING TILE , ASTOPATCH , A TRIPOD STAND , A IRE GAUZE , DISTILLED ATER 1% STARCHSUSPENSION , BENEDICT SOLUTION , IODINE SOLUTION , AND SALIVA .

PROCEDURE :

1. PREPARE SIX TEST TUBE AND LABEL IT ITH A , B , C , D AND ERESPECTIVEL# .

". COLLECT 1 ML OF SALIVA IN TEST TUBES LABEL A AND C . AT THE SAME

TIME , PLACE 1 ML OF 1% COOKED STARCH INTO TEST TUBES LABEL B AND D. FILL TEST TUBE E ITH DISTILLED ATER .3. IMMERSE ALL THE TEST TUBES IN ATER BATH AT A TEMPERATURE OF 3&OC

FOR ! MINUTES .$. AT THE SAME TIME , PREPARE THE IODINE SOLUTION B# PLACING A DROP

INTO EACH GROOVE ON THE HITE TILE .!. AFTER ! MINUTES , ADD THE COOKED STARCH IN TEST TUBE D TO THE

SALIVA IN TEST TUBE A .. START THE STOPATCH . IMMEDIATEL# THEREAFTER , PLACE A DROP OF THE

STARCH AND SALIVA SUSPENSION FROM TEST TUBE A ONTO THE IODINESOLUTION IN THE FIRST GROOVE OF THE SPOTTING TILE . RECORD THECOLOUR OF IODINE SOLUTION IN A TABLE .

&. REPEAT STEP AT ONE+MINUTE INTERVALS UNTIL THERE IS NO CHANGE IN THE COLOUR OF THE IODINE SOLUTION .

'. REPEAT STEP TO & AFTER ADDING 1 ML OF DISTILLED ATER ) FROM TEST TUBE E * TO TEST TUBE B AND C .

(. ADD 1 ML OF BENEDICT SOLUTION HEN THE MIXTURE IN ALL THE TEST TUBES ARE NO LONGER CHANGES THE COLOUR OF THE IODINE SOLUTION TO THE TEST TUBES A , B AND C .



10.SHAKE THE MIXTURE IN ALL THREE TEST TUBES AND HEAT IT ALL B# PLACING THE TEST TUBES IN A BOILING ATER BATH . OBSERVE AND RECORD AN#CHANGE IN THE COLOUR OF THE MIXTURE .

11.DO NOT TOUCH THE TEST TUBES ITH BARE HANDS HILE THE EXPERIMENTIS OCCUR.


TES T

TUBE

IODINE TEST BENEDICT TEST0

MINUTES1

MINUTES" MINUTES 3 MINUTES $ MINUTES

ABC



EXPERIMENT .3 THE ENZYME ACTION ON A PROTEIN FOOD SAMPLE .

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE ABSENCE OR PRESENCE OF PEPSIN AND ALBUMEN EFFECTS THE TURBIDIT# OR CLARIT# OF CONTENTS ?

HYPOTHESIS :

IN PRESENCE OF PEPSIN AND ALBUMEN , THE CONTENTS TURNS FROM CLOUD# TOCLEAR HICH IS TURBIDIT# , HERE AS IN ABSENCE OF PEPSIN AND ALBUMEN , THE CONTENTS TURNS THE SAME DOEST NOT CHANGE .

VARIABLES


ANSENCE OR PRESENCE OF PEPSIN AND ALBUMEN


TURBIDIT# OR CLARIT# OF CONTENTS


TEMPERATURE AT 3&OC , CONCENTRATION OF H#DROCHLORIC ACID , ENZ#MECONCENTRATION AND VOLUME OF CONTENTS .


10 ML PIPETTE , !00 ML BEAKER , TEST TUBES , A TEST+TUBE RACK , DROPPERS , A THERMOMETER , A STOPATCH , EGG HITE ) ALBUMEN * SUSPENSION , DISTILLEDATER , 1% PEPSIN SOLUTION AND 0.1 67 8+3 H#DROCHLORIC ACID

PROCEDURE :

1. PREPARE THREE TEST TUBES AND LABEL IT ITH A , B AND C RESPECTIVEL# .". FILL THE TEST TUBES ITH THE FOLLOING SOLUTION :

A : " ML OF ALBUMEN SUSPENSION ! DROPS OF 0.1 67 8 +3

H#DROCHLORIC ACID 1 ML OF 1% PEPSIN SOLUTION .B : " ML OF ALBUMEN SUSPENSION ! DROPS OF 0.1 67 8 +3

H#DROCHLORIC ACID 1 ML OF DISTILLED ATER .C : " ML OF DISTILLED ATER ! DROPS OF 0.1 67 8 +3 H#DROCHLORICACID 1 ML OF 1% PEPSIN SOLUTION .

3. IMMERSE THE TEST TUBE INA ATER BATH AT 3&OC .$. OBSERVE THE TURBIDIT# OF EACH TEST TUBE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE

EXPERIMENT AND AFTER "0 MINUTES .




TEST TUBE OBSERVATION ) CLOUD#CLEAR *0 MINUTE "0 MINUTES

ABC

EXPERIMENT .$ : THE MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES THROUGH THE VIS!ING

TUBING .



PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE MIXTURE OF STARCH AND GLUCOSE SOLUTION IN THE VISKING TUBINGEFFECTS THE CHANGE IN THE COLOUR OF BENEDICT SOLUTION AND IODINESOLUTION ?

HYPOTHESIS : THE MIXTURE OF STARCH AND GLUCOSE SOLUTION IN THE VISKING TUBING SHOS THE CHANGE IN THE COLOUR OF BENEDICT SOLUTION HERE AS THE MIXTURE OFSTARCH AND GLUCOSE SOLUTION IN THE VISKING TUBING DOESN9T SHO THECHANE IN THE COLOUR OF IODINE SOLUTION .

VARIABLE :


THE MIXTURE OF STARCH AND GLUCOSE SOLUTION IN THE VISKING TUBING .


THE CHANGE IN THE COLOUR OF BENEDICT OR IODINE SOLUTION .

CONSTANT VARIABLE :

THE TEMPERATURE OF ATER BATH ) 3&OC * .


A BOILING TUBE , TEST TUBES , A 10 ML S#RINGE , A PIPETTE , A PAIR OFSCISSORS , A BUNSEN BURNER , 1% STARCH SUSPENSION , 1% GLUCOSE SOLUTION, DISTILLED ATER , IODINE SOLUTION , BENEDICT SOLUTION , VISKING TUBINGAND THREAD .

PROCEDURE :

1. PREPARE A VISKING TUBING .". CLOSE ONE END OF A 1!CM VISKING TUBING B# T#ING IN TIGHTL# ITH A

PIECE OF THREAD .3. FILL THE VISKING TUBING ITH E-UAL VOLUMES OF GLUCOSE SOLUTION

AND STARCH SOLUTION USING A S#RINGE .$. TIE THE OTHER END OF THE VISKING TUBING USING A THREAD .!. RINSE THROUGHL# THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE TUBING ITH RUNNING

ATER .. PLACE THE VISKING TUBING INA BOILING TUBE CONTAINING DISTILLED

ATER HICH IS THEN PLACE IN A ATER BATH )3&O

C* .&. IMMEDIATEL# , REMOVE TO SAMPLES OF DISTILLED ATER FROM THE

BOILING TUBE USING A PIPETTE .'. DETERMINE THE PRESENCE OF STARCH AND REDUCING SUGAR USING THE

IODINE TEST AND BENEDICT SOLUTION CONDUCT ON THE TO SAMPLES OFDISTILLED ATER RESPECTIVEL# .

(. REPEAT BOTH TEST AT INTERVALS OF APPROXIMATEL# 10 MINUTES FOR ADURATION OF 30 MINUTES .



10.RECORD THE RESULT IN A TABLE .


TIME )M* TEST

COLOUR OF MIXTURE

0 10 "0 30IODINE TEST

BENEDICT TEST



CHAPTER .! : STUDYING THE EFFECTS OF MACRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES

IN PLANTS

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE COMPONENTS OF MINERAL ELEMENTS IN EACH 2AR EFFECT THECONDITION OF THE PLANTS ?

HYPOTHESIS :

A PLANT GROS HEALTH# IN A COMPLETE KNOP9S SOLUTION .

VARIABLES :


COMPONENT OF MINERAL IN EACH 2AR .

RESPONDING VARIABLES :CONDITION OF THE PLANTS


T#PE OF MAIZE SEEDLINGS AND AIR THAT IS PUMPED INTO THE 2AR .


G7;; <=; , =>@= >4; / 67@; , ;/=4/ 47;; />@; /6 / /6 /@ 67@; 6 /@=>@= >4; , L+;@8 8@7@= />@; /6 @ 56@5/@8 /6 = > , @ ,MJ@ ;@@874; , 6/;;> /=/@ )KH"PO$* , 4@;> ;>7/@ )M4SO$* ,575> /=/@ )C)NO3*"* , =6 )* 6;/@ )F@PO$* , 8;/77@8 /@= ,56//6 6678 75 @= .

P"#$'" :

1. PREPARE EIGHT GLASS 2AR LABEL A TO H .". FILL THE 2ARS ITH THE SOLUTION BELO .

GLASS 2AR COMPONENTS OF EACH 2ARCALCIUMNITRATE)0.'4*

POTASSIUM

NITRATE)0."4*

POTASSIUMDIH#DROG

ENPHOSPHATE

)0."4*

MAGNESIUM

SULPHATE)0."4*

IRON)111*

PHOSPHATE )TRACE*

DISTILLED ATER)1000CM3

*

A )DISTILLEDATER*

X X X X X

B )COMPLETEKNOP9S

SOLUTION *

C )ITHOUTNITROGEN*

REPLACEITH

REPLACEITH



CALCIUMCHLORID

E

POTASSIUM

CHLORIDED)ITHOUT

PHOSPHORUS* REPLACE

ITH

POTASSIUMCHLORIDE

REPLACEITH IRON

)3* OXIDE

E)ITHOUTSULPHUR*

REPLACEITH

MAGNESIUM

CHLORIDE

F)ITHOUTPOTASSIUM*

REPLACEITH

SODIUMNITRATE

REPLACEITH

CALCIUMPHOSPHATE

G )ITHOUT

CALCIUM*

REPLACE

ITHSODIUMNITRATE

H )ITHOUTMAGNESIUM*

REPLACEITH

POTASSIUM

SULPHATE

3. RAP THE 2ARS ITH BLACK PAPER TO PREVENT THE GROTH OF GRENALGAE .

$. NOTE THAT THE GROTH OF GREEN ALGAE CAN DEPLETE THE NUTRIENTCONTENT OF THE CULTURE SOLUTION AND AFFECTS THE RESULTS OF THEEXPERIMENT .

!. CHOOSE EIGHT MAIZE SEEDLINGS OF ALMOST THE SAME SIZE CHOOSEBEFORE .

. CONNECT THE GLASS 2ARS TO AN AIR PUMP TO PROVIDE AERATION TO THEROOTS SO THAT RESPIRATION CAN TAKE PLACE .

&. REPLACE THE CULTURE SOLUTIONS EVER# EEK TO REPLENISH THENUTRIENTS ABSORB B# THE MAIZE SEEDLINGS .

'. OBSERVE THE GROTH OF EACH SEEDLING AT THE END OF THE MONTH .(. OBSERVE AND RECORD THE COLOUR , NUMBER , SIZE AND SHAPE OF LEAVES

, HEIGHT OF SEEDLINGS , LENGTH OF ROOTS , THE GROTH OF BRANCHESAND THE STRENGTH OF THE STEMS IN A TABLE .


2AR

LACK OF OBSERVATION

A ALL ELEMENTS )DISTILLED ATER*B NO MACRONUTRIENTS )KNOP9S



SOLUTION*C NITROGEND PHOSPHORUSE SULPHURF POTASSIUMG CALCIUMH MAGNESIUM

EXPERIMENT . : INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE

RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE LIGHT INTENSIT# EFFECT THE RATE OF PHOTOS#NTHESIS ?

HYPOTHESIS :

THE CLOSER THE DISTANCE OF H#DRILLA SP. FROM THE LIGHT SOURCE , THEHIGHER THE NUMBER OF GAS BUBBLES RELEASE IN ONE MINUTE

VARIABLES :


THE DISTANCE OF H#DRILLA SP. FROM THE LIGHT SOURCE . ) LIGHT INTENSIT# *


THE NUMBER OF GAS BUBBLES RELEASED IN ONE MINUTE . ) RATE OFPHOTOS#NTHESIS *

CONSTANT VARIABLE :

THE TEMPERATURE OF ATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION , T#PE ANDSIZE OF PLANT .


A LIGHT SOURCE , A 0 BULB , A !00 ML BEAKER , A TEST TUBE , A GLASS

FUNNEL , A STOPATCH , A RAZOR , A THERMOMETER , A METRE RULER , A FESTANDS OF H#FRILLA SP. , 0."% SODIUM H#DROGEN CARBONATE SOLUTION ,DISTILLED ATER AND PLASTICINE .

PROCEDURE :

1. MAINTAIN THE TEMPERATURE IN A BEAKER AT "'OC .". CHOSE A FE STRANDS OF H#DRILLA SP.



3. MADE A CLEAN OBLI-UE ITH A SHARP RAZOR NEAR THE LOER END OF THE H#DRILLA SP. STEM UNDER ATER .

$. PLACE THE A-UATIC PLANT ITH THE BUBLING END UPARDS , INSIDE AGLASS FILTER FUNNEL . PLACE THE FUNNEL UPSIDE DON IN A BEAKER THATCONTAINS 0."% SODIUM H#DROGEN CARBONATE SOLUTION . THE SODIUMH#DROGEN CARBONATE SUPPL# CARBON DIOXIDE TO THE H#DRILLA SP .

!. FILL A TEST TUBE ITH 0."% SODIUM H#DROGEN CARBONATE SOLUTIONAND PLACE OVER THE FILTER TUNNEL .

. PLACE THE APPARATUS AT A DISTANCE OF !0CM FROM THE LIGHT SOURCE .&. COUNT THE NUMBER OF GAS BUBBLES RELEASE IN ONE MINUTE AFTER THE

PLANT RELEASE BUBBLES AT A CONSTANT RATE .'. REPEAT STEP & B# PLACING THE APPARATUS AT A DIFFERENT DISTANCE ,

THAT IS AT $0 CM , 30 CM , "0 C AND 10 CM FROM THE LIGHT SOURCE TOOBTAIN DIFFERENT INTENSITIES .

(. RECORD THE RESULTS IN A TABLE AND PLOT A GRAPH OF THE NUMBER OFGAS BUBBLES RELEASE IN ONE MINUTE AGAINST THE DISTANCE FROM THELIGHT SOURCE .

10.


DISTANCE FROM THE LIGHT SOURCENUMBER OF GAS BUBBLES RELEASEIN ONE MINUTE



EXPERIMENT &.1 : INVESTIGATING ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION IN YEAST

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE PRESENCE OF #EAST EFFECTS THE CHANGE IN LIME ATER AND THE TEMPERATURE OF THE GLUCOSE SOLUTION

HYPOTHESIS :

THE PRESENCE OF #EAST DOES CHANGE THE LIME ATER AND THE TEMPERATUREOF GLUCOSE SOLUTION BECAUSE IT UNDERGOES ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION HEREAS THE ABSENCE OF #EAST DOES NOT CHANGE THE LIME ATER AND THE TEMPERATURE PF GLUCOSE SOLUTION BECAUSE THE #EAST IS ABSENCE .

VARIABLES :


THE PRESENCE OF #EAST


THE CHANGES OF LIME ATER AND THE TEMPERATURE OF GLUCOSE SOLUTION .

CONSTANT VARIABLE :

ANAEROBIC CONDITION .


BOILING TUBES , TEST TUBES ,STOPPERS ITH DELIVER# TUBES , MEASURINGC#LINDER , THERMOMETERS , A BEAKER , !% #EAST SUSPENSION , !% GLUCOSESOLUTION , PARAFFIN OIL AND LIME ATER .

PROCEDURE :



1. BOIL THE GLUCOSE SOLUTION TO REMOVE THE DISSOLVED OX#GEN . LEAVE THE SOLUTION TO COOL .

". FILL THE BOILING TUBE A ITH ! ML OF #EAST SUSPENSION AND 1! ML OFBOILED GLUCOSE SOLUTION .

3. FILL BOILING TUBE B ITH ONL# 1! ML OF BOILED GLUCOSE SOLUTION .$. PUT A THIN LA#ER OF PARRAFIN OIL ON TOP OF THE CONTENTS OF BO#H

BOILING TUBES .!. CORK THE BOILING TUBES ITH STOPPERS ITH DELIVER# TUBES .. PLACE THE END OF EACH DELIVER# TUBE INTO A TEST TUBE FILL ITH "ML

OF LIME ATER .&. RECORD THE INITIAL TEMPERATURE OF THE CONTENTS IN BOTH BOILING

TUBES .'. LEAVE THE APPARATUS ASIDE FOR ONE HOUR .(. AFTER ONE HOUR , RECORD THE FINAL TEMPERATURE AND NOTE THE

CHANGE OF LIME ATER .10.REMOVE THE STOPPERS AND NOTE AN# SMELL THAT IS RELEASE FROM THE

BOILING TUBE .

11. RECORD THE RESULTS IN A TABLES .1".


BOILING TUBE A BAT THE

BEGINNING OF THE

EXPERIMENT

AT THE ENDOF THE

EXPERIMENT

AT THEBEGINNING OF

THEEXPERIMENT

AT THE ENDOF THE

EXPERIMENT

TEMPERATURE

)OC*LIME ATERSMELL



EXPERIMENT '.1 : STUDYING THE INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION AND

INTERSPICIFIC

COMPETITION IN PLANTS

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE INTERSPECIFIC AND INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION , EFFECTS THE DR#MASS OF THE SEEDLINGS .

HYPOTHESIS :

COMPETITION PADD#PADD# )INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION* , THE DR# MASS ISHIGHER HERE AS THE COMPETITION PADD#MAIZE )INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION*, THE DR# MASS IS LOER .

VARIABLES :


THE T#PE OF SEEDLINGS , INTRASPECIFIC )PADD# AND PADD#* , INTERSPECIFIC) PADD# AND MAIZE*


THE DR# MASS OF THE SEEDLINGS .

CONSTANT VARIABLE :

THE NUMBER OF EACH SEEDLING THE AOUNT OF ATER GIVEN THE INTENSIT#OF LIGHT .




A RULER , AN OVEN , AN ELECTRONIC BALANCE , A SPADE , A CAN OF ATERPROOFPAINT , A PAINTBRUSH , THREE SEEDLINGS TRA#S ITH GARDEN SOIL ) " M X 1 MEACH * , A PACKET OF MAIZE SEEDS , A PACKET OF PADD# SEEDS AND DISTILLEDATER .

PROCEDURE :

1. PREPARE THREE SEEDLING TRA# AND PUT GARDEN SOIL E-UAL IN EACH TRA# .

". THE MAIZE AND PADD# SEEDS ARE PLANTED AT !CM INTERVALS IN THESEEDLING TRA# .

3. LABEL EACH OF THE SEEDLING TRA# ITH LABEL TRA# A , B , C USINGATERPROOF PAINT AND PAINTBRUSH .

$. FILL THE TRA# A ITH "0 PADD# SEEDS , TRA# B "0 ITH MAIZE SEEDS ,AND TRA# C ITH 10 MAIZE AND 10 PADD# SEEDS INTERVALS

!. ATER THE SEED CAREFULL# ITH THE SAME -UANTIT# OF DISTILLEDATER EACH DA# .

. LEAVE THE TRA# FOR ABOUT 3O DA#S .

&. AFTER 30 DA#S PASS , PULL OUT "0 PADD# SEEDLINGS FROM TRA# A , "0MAIZE SEEDLINGS FROM TRA# B , AND 10 PADD# AND 10 MAIZE SEEDLINGSFROM TRA# C . ASH THE ROOT OF THE SEEDLINGS UNRER RUNNINGATER .

'. HEAT AND DR# ALL OF THE SEEDLING AT 10!OC IN AN OVEN RESPECTIVEL# .DR# THE SEEDLING TO OBTAIN AVERAGE DR# MASS OF THE SEEDLINGS .

(. THE AVERAGE DR# MASS OF THE MAIZE AND PADD# SEEDLINGS IN TRA# CARE EIGHED SEPERATEL# .


TRA# DR# MASS OF SEEDLING THE AVERAGE DR# MASS

A )PADD#PADD#*B )MAIZEMAIZE*C )PADD#MAIZE*



EXPERIMENT '." : STUD#ING THE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ACTIVIT# OF #EAST

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE TEMPERATURE , EFFECTS THE HEIGHT OF COLOURED LI-UID ?

HYPOTHESIS :

THE RATE ACTIVIT# OF #EAST IS OPTIMUM AT TEMPERATURE )3!6C* HERE AS THERATE OF ACTIVIT# OF #EAST MINIMUM AT TEMPERATURE ) OTHER THAN 3! OC*

VARIABLES


TEMPERATURE


THE RATE ACTIVIT# OF #EAST .

CONSTANT VARIABLE :

VOLUME OF #EAST SUSPENSION , PH , TIME TAKEN AND LIGHT INTENSIT# .


BOILING TUBES , GLASS TUBES , CLIPS , RUBBER STOPPERS , RUBBER TUBINGS ,RETORT STANDS , MANOMETER TUBES , STRINGS , MEASURING C#LINDER ,



STOPATCHES , THERMOMETERS , A RULER , #EAST SUSPENSION )$4 OF #EAST IN100 CM3 OF GLUCOSE SOLUTION * AND COLOURED LI-UID .

PROCEDURE :

1. TAKE FIVE BOILING TUBE AND LABEL ITH A , B , C , D AND E .

". FILL THE BOILING ITH 1!CM3

OF #EAST SUSPENSION .3. ATTACH ALL BOILING TUBE TO THE RETORD STAND USING A CLIP EACH .$. CONNECT THE COLURED LI-UID IN THE MANOMETER B# USING RUBER

TUBINGS RUBBER TUBE .!. PLACE THE BOILING TUBE A IN A BEAKER OF ICE . RECORD THE

TEMPERATURE AFTER ! MINUTES .. ACTIVATE THE STOPATCH AND RECORD THE HEIGHT OF COLOURED LI-UID

IN THE MANOMETER AFTER 10 MINUTES .&. REPEAT STEP 3 TO USING BOILING TUBE B , C ,D AND E . PLACE THE

BOILING TUBE INTO ATER BATHS AT TEMPERATURE "0OC , 30OC , $0OC AND!0OC RESPECTIVEL# .

'. RECORD THE RESULT OBTAIN IN A TABLE .

(. PLOT A GRAPH OF THE HEIGHT OF COLOURED LI-UID IN THE MANOMETERAGAINST THE TEMPERATURE .

10.ENSURE THAT ALL THE CONNECTIONS ARE AIRTIGHT .


BOILING TUBE TEMPERATURE )OC* HEIGHT OF COLOURED

LI-UID IN THEMANOMETER )CM*A 0B "0C 30D $0E !0



EXPERIMENT '." : STUD#ING THE EFFECTS OF H ON THE ACTIVIT# OF #EAST .

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE PH MEDIUM EFFECT THE HEIGHT OF COLOURED LI-UID IN THE MANOMETER .

HYPOTHESIS :

THE RATE OF #EAST ACTIVIT# IS OPTIMUM IN AN ACIDIC CONDITION ) 1+ * HEREAS THE RATE OF #EAST ACTIVIT# IS MINIMUM IN AN ALKALINE CONDITION )&+1$* .

VARIABLES


PH


RATE OF #EAST ACTIVIT#

CONSTANT VARIABLE :

TEMPERATURE , LIGHT INTENSIT# , VOLUME OF #EAST SUSPENSION AND TIME TAKEN .




GLASS TUBES , BOILING TUBES , CLIPS , RUBBER STOPPERS , RUBER TUBINGS ,RETORT STANDS , MANOMETER TUBES , STRINGS , A STOPATCH , RULER , #EASTSUSPENSION )$4 OF #EAST SUSPENSION IN 100CM3 OF GLUCOSE SOLUTION * ,DISTILLED ATER , 0.01 MOL DM+3 H#DROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTIONS , 0.1 MOL DM+3

SODIUM H#DROXIDE SOLUTIONS AND COLOURED LI-UID .

PROCEDURE :

1. TAKE FIVE BOILING TUBE AND LABEL IT TH A , B , C , D AND E .". ADD THE FOLLOING CONTENTS INTO TEST TUBES A , B , C , D AND E

RESPECTIVEL# .A : 1!CM3 OF #EAST SUSPENSION $ DROPS OF 0.1 MOL DM +3 H#DROCHLORIC ACIDB : 1!CM3 OF #EAST SUSPENSION $ DROPS OF 0.01 MOL DM +3 H#DROCHLORIC ACIDC : 1!CM3 OF #EAST SUSPENSION $ DROPS OF DISTILLED ATER .D : 1!CM3 OF #EAST SUSPENSION $ DROPS OF 0.01 MOL DM +3 SODIUMH#DROXIDE SOLUTION .

E : 1!CM3 OF #EAST SUSPENSION $ DROPS OF 0.1 MOL DM +3 SODIUMH#DROXIDE SOLUTION .

3. SHAKE ELL THE CONTENTS OF TEST TUBES A , B , C , D AND E . DETERMINE THE PH VALUE OF THE MIXTURE USING PH PAPERS .

$. ATTACH ALL BOILING TUBE TO THE RETORD STAND USING A CLIP EACH .!. CONNECT THE COLURED LI-UID IN THE MANOMETER B# USING RUBER

TUBINGS RUBBER TUBE .. OBSERVE THE ACTIVIT# OF THE #EAST AND MEASURE THE HEIGHT OF

COLURED LI-UID IN THE MANOMETER AFTER 10 MINUTES . RECORD ALLOBSERVATION IN A TABLE .

&. PLOT A GRAPH OF THE HEIGHT OF COLOURED LI-UID IN THE MANOMETER

AGAINST THE PH USED .'. ENSURE THAT ALL OF THE CONNECTION ARE AIRTIGHT .


BOILING TUBE PH HEIGHT OF COLOUREDLI-UID IN THE

MANOMETER )CM*A !B C &D 'E (



EXPERIMENT '." : STUD#ING THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE ACTIVIT#OF #EAST

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE DISTANCE OF #EAST ACTIVIT# FROM THE LIGHT SOURCE , EFFECTS THE HEIGHTOF COLOURED LI-UID IN THE MANOMETER ?

HYPOTHESIS :

THE LOER THE DISTANCE OF #EAST ACTIVIT# FROM THE LIGHT SOURCE , THEHIGHER THE HEIGHT OF COLOURED LI-UID IN THE MANOMETER .

VARIABLES


DISTANCE OF #EAST ACTIVIT# FROM THE LIGHT SOURCE


THE HEIGHT OF COLURED LI-UID IN THE MANOMETER .

CONSTANT VARIABLE :

VOLUME OF #EAST SUSPENSION AND TIME TAKEN .




BOILING TUBES , GLASS TUBES , CLIPS , RUBBER STOPPERS , RUBBER TUBINGS ,RETORT STANDS , MANOMETER TUBES , STRINGS , A LAMP ) 0 * , A RULER , #EAST SUSPENSION )$4 OF #EAST IN 100CM3 OF GLUCOSE SOLUTION* ANDCOLOURED LI-UID .

PROCEDURE :

1. TAKE FIVE BOILING TUBES AND LABEL IT ITH A , B , C , D AND E .". FILL THE BOILING ITH 1!CM3 OF #EAST SUSPENSION .3. ATTACH ALL THE BOILING TO A RETORD STAND USING A CLIP EACH .$. CONNECT THE COLURED LI-UID IN THE MANOMETER B# USING RUBER

TUBINGS RUBBER TUBE .!. SET UP A LIGHT SOURCE )0* . PLACE BOILING TUBE A , B ,C , D AND E AT A

DISTANCE OF !0CM , $0CM , 30CM , "0CM AND 10CM FROM THE LIGHTSOURCE RESPECTIVEL# .

. OBSERVE THE ACTIVIT# OF #EAST . AFTER 10 MINUTES , MEASURE AND

RECORD THE HEIGHT OF COLOURED LI-UID IN THE MANOMETER IN A TABLE .&. PLOT A GRAPH OF THE HEIGHT OF THE COLOURED LI-UID IN THEMANOMETER AGAINST THE RECIPROCAL OF THE DISTANCE FROM THE LIGHTSOURCE .

'. ENSURE THAT ALL OF THE CONNECTIONS IS AIRTIGHT .


BOILING TUBE DISTANCE FROM THE LIGHT

SOURCE )CM*

LIGHT INTENSIT#)1DISTANCE*

HEIGHT OFCOLOURED LI-UID

IN THEMANOMETER )CM*

A !0B $0C 30D "0E 10



EXPERIMENT '." : STUD#ING THE EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT ON THE ACTIVIT# OF #EAST .

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE CONCENTRATION OF GLUCOSE SOLUTION EFFECT THE HEIGHT OFCOLOURED LI-UID ?

HYPOTHESIS :

THE HIGHER THE CONCENTRATION OF GLUCOSE SOLUTION , THE HIGHER THEHEIGHT OF COLOURED LI-UID .

VARIABLES


THE CONCENTRATION OF GLUCOSE SOLUTION


THE HEIGHT OF COLOURED LI-UID IN THE MANOMETER



CONSTANT VARIABLE :

THE VOLUME OF #EAST SUSPENSION . PH , LIGHT INTENSIT# AND TEMPERATURE .


BOILING TUBES , GLASS TUBES , CLIPS , RUBBER STOPPERS , RUBBER TUBINGS ,

RETORT STANDS , MANOMETER TUBES , STRINGS , A RULER , DR# #EAST , !%GLUCOSE SOLUTION , 10% GLUCOSE SOLUTION , 1!% GLUCOSE SOLUTION ,DISTILLED ATER AND PARRAFIN OIL .

PROCEDURE :

1. TAKE FOUR BOILING TUBE AND LABEL IT ITH A , B ,C AND D .". FILL THE BOILING TUBES ITH

A : 1G OF DR# #EAST "0CM3 OF DISTILLED ATERB : 1G OF DR# #EAST "0CM3 OF !% GLUCOSE SOLUTIONC : 1G OF DR# #EAST "0CM3 OF 10% GLUCOSE SOLUTIOND : 1G OF DR# #EAST "0CM3 OF 1!% GLUCOSE SOLUTION

3. ATTACH ALL THE BOILING TO A RETORD STAND USING A CLIP EACH .$. CONNECT THE COLURED LI-UID IN THE MANOMETER B# USING RUBER

TUBINGS RUBBER TUBE .!. PLACE THE FOUR SETS OF APPARATUS IN A ATER BATH AT ROOM

TEMPERATURE .. OBSERVE THE ACTIVIT# OF #EAST . MEASURE THE HEIGHT OF COLOURED

LI-UID IN THE MANOMETER AFTER 10 MINUTES AND RECORD THE DATA IN A TABLE .

&. PLOT A GRAPH OF THE HEIGHT OF THE COLOURED LI-UID IN THEMANOMETER AGAINST THE CONCENTRATION OF NUTRIENTS .

'. ENSURE THAT ALL OF THE CONNECTIONS ARE AIRTIGHT .


BOILING TUBE CONCENTRATION OFGLUCOSE )%*

HEIGHT OF COLOUREDLI-UID IN THE

MANOMETER )CM*A 0.0B !.0

C 10.0D 1!.0



EXPERIMENT (." : INVESTIGATING THE LEVEL OF POLLUTION IN SEVERAL

SAMPLES OF WATER

FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

ARE THE DIFFERENCE SOURCES OF ATER EFFECT THE LEVEL OF ATERPOLLUTION ?

HYPOTHESIS :

RIVER ATER IS MOST PULLUTED HERE AS ELL ATER AND POND ATER ISLESS POLLUTED .

VARIABLES




T#PE OF ATER ) POND ATER , ELL ATER , RIVER ATER *


LEVEL ATER PULLUTION

CONSTANT VARIABLE :

THE VOLUME OF ATER SAMPLE , THE VOLUME OF METH#LENE BLUE SOLUTIONAND THE CONCENTRATION OF METH#LENE BLUE SOLUTION .


"!0 ML REAGENT BOTTLES ITH STOPPERS , BEAKERS , S#RINGES , A STOPATCH ,METH#LENE BLUE SOLUTION ) 0.1% * , ATER SAMPLES ) FROM A RIVER , A POND ,A ELL * .

PROCEDURE :

1. TAKE 3 REAGANT BOTTLE ITH THE SAME SIZE

". LABEL THE REAGANT BOTTLE ITH LABEL A : RIVER ATER , LABEL B : PONDATER , LABEL C : ELL ATER

3. TAKE THE "!0 ML RIVER ATER INTO THE MEASURING C#LINDER BEAKER$. AND THEN , POUR INTO THE BOTTLE A.!. MEASURE 1 ML 0.1% METH#LENE BLUE SOLUTION INTO THE S#RINGE .. DROP INTO THE BOTTLE A , MAKE SURE THE NEEDLE IN THE ATER SAMPLE

IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THE BOTTLE .&. USE STOPATCH TOR RECORD THE TIME TAKEN FOR MET#LENE BLUE

SOLUTION TO DECOLOURISE .'. REPEAT STEP 1 UNTIL & AND USE THE BOTTLE B ) POND ATER * AND

BOTTLE C ) ELL ATER *(. RECORD THE DATA IN A TABLE


ATER SAMPLE TIME TAKEN FOR METH#LENE BLUESOLUTION TO DECOLURISE

RIVER ATERPOND ATER

ELL ATER



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