Art and PatronageArt and Patronage Italians were willing to spend a lot of

money on art./ Art communicated social, political, and

spiritual values./ Italian banking & international trade

interests had the money.

Public art in Florence was organized and supported by guilds.

Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status

Medieval Art was Medieval Art was “plagued” by“plagued” by

Stiff, one-dimensional figures Need to use gold for

illumination Lack of depth…but since the focus was on

the religious theme, the unrealistic quality wasn’t the issue…

Duccio’s “Trans-figur-Duccio’s “Trans-figur-ation”, for exampleation”, for example

1. Realism & 1. Realism & ExpressionExpression

Expulsion Expulsion fromfromthe Gardenthe Garden

MasaccioMasaccio

14271427

First nudes First nudes sincesinceclassical classical timestimes..

2. Perspective2. Perspective

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

First use First use of linear of linear

perspectiveperspective

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

The The TrinityTrinity

MasaccioMasaccio

14271427

What you What you are, I once are, I once was; what I was; what I am, you will am, you will

become.become.

PerspectivePerspective

3. Classicism3. Classicism

Greco-Roman influence.

Secularism.

Humanism.

Individualism free standing figures.

Symmetry/BalanceThe The “Classical Pose”“Classical Pose”

Medici “Venus” (1c)Medici “Venus” (1c)

4. Emphasis on 4. Emphasis on IndividualismIndividualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre:

The Duke & Dutchess of UrbinoThe Duke & Dutchess of Urbino

Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.

Isabella d’Este –Isabella d’Este – da Vinci, da Vinci, 14991499 1474-1539

“First Lady of the Italian Renaissance.”

Great patroness of the arts.

Known during her time as “First Lady of the World”

5. Geometrical 5. Geometrical Arrangement of Arrangement of

FiguresFigures The Dreyfus The Dreyfus Madonna Madonna with the with the PomegranatPomegranatee

Leonardo da Leonardo da VinciVinci

14691469

The figure as The figure as architecturearchitecture

6. Light & 6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Shadowing/Softening

EdgesEdges

ChiaroscuroChiaroscuro

SfumatoSfumato

7. Artists as 7. Artists as Personalities/CelebritiesPersonalities/Celebrities

Lives of the Lives of the Most Most Excellent Excellent Painters, Painters, Sculptors, andSculptors, andArchitectsArchitects

Giorgio VasariGiorgio Vasari

15501550

Renaissance Renaissance FlorenceFlorence

The Wool FactoryThe Wool Factoryby Mirabello Cavalori, 1570by Mirabello Cavalori, 1570 1252 – first gold 1252 – first gold

florinsflorins minted minted

Florentine lion:Florentine lion:symbol of St. symbol of St.

MarkMark

Lorenzo Lorenzo the Magnificentthe Magnificent

1478 - 15211478 - 1521

Cosimo de Cosimo de MediciMedici

1517 - 15741517 - 1574

Florence Under the Florence Under the MediciMedici

Medici ChapelMedici Chapel

The Medici PalaceThe Medici Palace

Filippo Filippo BrunelleschiBrunelleschi1377 - 14361377 - 1436

ArchitectArchitect

Cuppolo of St. Cuppolo of St. MariaMariadel Fioredel Fiore

Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi

Commissioned to build the cathedral dome./ Used unique

architectural concepts. He studied

the ancient Pantheon in Rome.

Used ribs for support.

Brunelleschi’s “Secret”Brunelleschi’s “Secret”(fishbone fashion bricks)(fishbone fashion bricks)

Brunelleschi’s Brunelleschi’s DomeDome

Comparing DomesComparing Domes

Other Famous Other Famous DomesDomes

Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

David by David by DonatelloDonatello

14301430

First free-form bronze First free-form bronze since Roman timessince Roman times

The Liberation The Liberation of Sculptureof Sculpture

DavidDavid

VerrocchioVerrocchio

1473 - 1473 - 14751475

The Baptism of ChristThe Baptism of Christ Verrocchio, 1472 - 1475Verrocchio, 1472 - 1475

Leonardo Leonardo da Vincida Vinci

Vitruvian Vitruvian Man Man

Leonardo daLeonardo daVinciVinci

14921492

TheTheL’uomoL’uomo

universauniversalele

The Renaissance “Man”The Renaissance “Man”

Broad knowledge about many things in different fields.

Deep knowledge/skill in one area. Able to link information from

different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.

The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.

1.1. Self-Portrait Self-Portrait -- da -- da Vinci, 1512Vinci, 1512

1452 - 15191452 - 1519

Artist

Sculptor

Architect

Scientist

Engineer

Inventor

Leonardo, Leonardo, the Artistthe Artist

The Virgin The Virgin of the Rocks of the Rocks

Leonardo daLeonardo daVinciVinci

1483-14861483-1486

Leonardo, the Artist:Leonardo, the Artist:From hisFrom hisNotebooks of over Notebooks of over 5000 5000

pages (1508-1519)pages (1508-1519)

Mona LisaMona Lisa – da Vinci, – da Vinci, 1503-41503-4

Mona LisaMona Lisa OROR da da Vinci??Vinci??

The Last Supper The Last Supper - da - da Vinci, 1498Vinci, 1498& Geometry& Geometry

RefractorRefractoryy

Convent Convent of Santa of Santa

Maria Maria delle delle

GrazieGrazie

MilanMilan

horizontal

vert

ical

PerspectivPerspective!e!

The Last Supper The Last Supper - da - da Vinci, 1498Vinci, 1498

Detail of Detail of JesusJesus

The Last The Last SupperSupper

Leonardo Leonardo da Vincida Vinci

14981498

DeterioratDeteriorationion

A Da Vinci “Code”:A Da Vinci “Code”:St. John St. John oror Mary Magdalene? Mary Magdalene?

Leonardo, the SculptorLeonardo, the Sculptor

An An Equestrian Equestrian StatueStatue

1516-15181516-1518

Leonardo, the Architect:Leonardo, the Architect:Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

Study of a Study of a central central church.church.

14881488

Leonardo, the Architect:Leonardo, the Architect:Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.

Leonardo, the Scientist Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):(Biology):Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

An example of An example of the humanist the humanist desire to desire to unlock the unlock the secrets of secrets of nature.nature.

Leonardo, the Scientist Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): (Anatomy):

Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

Leonardo, the Leonardo, the Inventor:Inventor:

Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

Man Can Fly?Man Can Fly?

A study of siege A study of siege defenses.defenses.

Studies of water-lifting Studies of water-lifting devices.devices.

Leonardo, the Engineer: Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Pages from his

NotebookNotebook

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci QuotesQuotes“He who does not value life does not

deserve it.” “Oh sleepers! What a thing is slumber! Sleep resembles death!”“Wisdom is the daughter of experience.”“Love overcomes all obstacles.”“Only love can stop hate.”“May sobriety, healthy food and good sleep keep you in good health.” “He who denies the reason of things reveals his ignorance.”

2.2. Michelangelo Michelangelo BuonorratiBuonorrati

1475 – 15641475 – 1564

He He represented represented the body in the body in three three dimensions dimensions of sculpture.of sculpture.

DavidDavid

MichelangelMichelangelooBuonarottiBuonarotti

15041504

MarbleMarble

15c15c

16c 16c

WhatWhat

aa

differencedifference

aa

centurycentury

makesmakes

The PietaThe Pieta

MichelangeMichelangeloloBuonarrotiBuonarroti

14991499

marblemarble

The Popes as Patrons The Popes as Patrons of the Artsof the Arts

The Sistine The Sistine ChapelChapel

MichelangelMichelangelo Buonarrotio Buonarroti

1508 - 15121508 - 1512

The Sistine Chapel’s The Sistine Chapel’s CeilingCeiling

Michelangelo BuonarrotiMichelangelo Buonarroti1508 - 15121508 - 1512

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

The The Creation Creation

of the of the HeavensHeavens

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

Creation of ManCreation of Man

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

The Fall The Fall from from GraceGrace

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

The Last JudgmentThe Last Judgment

3.3. Raffaello Sanzio (1483- Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520)1520)

Self-PortraitSelf-Portrait, 1506, 1506 Portrait of the Artist Portrait of the Artist with a Friendwith a Friend, 1518, 1518

Baldassare CastiglioneBaldassare Castiglione by by Raphael,Raphael,

1514-15151514-1515 Castiglione Castiglione

represented represented the humanist the humanist “gentleman” “gentleman” as a man of as a man of refinement refinement and self-and self-control.control.

PerspectivPerspectivee

PerspectivPerspectivee

BetrothBetrothal al

of the of the Virgin Virgin

RaphaelRaphael

15041504

Raphael’sRaphael’s Canagiani Canagiani Madonna, Madonna, 15071507

Raphael’sRaphael’s Madonnas Madonnas (1)(1)

Sistine MadonnaSistine Madonna Cowpepper MadonnaCowpepper Madonna

Madonna della SediaMadonna della Sedia Alba MadonnaAlba Madonna

Raphael’sRaphael’s Madonnas Madonnas (2)(2)

The School of Athens The School of Athens – – Raphael, 1510 -11Raphael, 1510 -11 One point perspective.

All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts

A great variety of poses. Located in the papal apartments

library. Raphael worked on this commission

simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel.

No Christian themes here.

The School of Athens The School of Athens – – Raphael, 1510 -11Raphael, 1510 -11

Raphael

Da Vinci

Michelangelo

AristotleAristotle::looks to thislooks to thisearth [theearth [thehere andhere and

now].now].

PlatoPlato::looks to thelooks to theheavens [or heavens [or

the IDEALthe IDEALrealm].realm].

The School of Athens The School of Athens – – Raphael, detailsRaphael, details

Averroes

Hypatia

Pythagoras

Zoroaster

Ptolemy

Euclid

The Liberation of St. The Liberation of St. PeterPeter by Raphael, 1514 by Raphael, 1514

Portrait of Pope Julius IIPortrait of Pope Julius II by Raphael, 1511-1512by Raphael, 1511-1512

More concerned More concerned with politics than with politics than with theology.with theology.

The “Warrior The “Warrior Pope.”Pope.”

Great patron of Great patron of Renaissance Renaissance artists, especially artists, especially Raphael & Raphael & Michelangelo.Michelangelo.

Died in 1513Died in 1513

Pope Leo X with Cardinal Pope Leo X with Cardinal Giulio deMedici and Luigi De Giulio deMedici and Luigi De Rossi Rossi by Raphael, by Raphael, 1518-15191518-1519 A Medici Pope.A Medici Pope.

He went through He went through the Vatican the Vatican treasury in a yeartreasury in a year

His extravagances His extravagances offended even offended even some cardinals some cardinals [[as well as Martin as well as Martin LutherLuther!].!].

Started selling Started selling indulgencesindulgences. .

Birth of VenusBirth of Venus – – Botticelli, 1485Botticelli, 1485

An attempt to depict perfect beauty.An attempt to depict perfect beauty.

Botticelli’s Venus Motif.Botticelli’s Venus Motif.

10¢ Italian Euro coin.10¢ Italian Euro coin.

2002 Euro Coin2002 Euro Coin

PrimaveraPrimavera – Botticelli, – Botticelli, 14821482

Depicted classical gods as Depicted classical gods as almost naked and life-size.almost naked and life-size.