Supplemental MaterialsComprehensive analysis of dynamics and hazards associated with cascading failure in 18650

lithium ion cell arrays

Ahmed O. Said, Christopher Lee, Stanislav I. Stoliarov*, and André W. Marshall

Fire Protection Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA

*Corresponding author; Email: stolia@umd.edu

S1. Redesigned Copper Slug Battery Calorimetry (CSBC) apparatus

Figure S1. Schematic of the redesigned CSBC apparatus.

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S2. Additional thermal runaway propagation charts (for those tests which charts are not depicted in the main body of the manuscript)

Figure S2. Thermal runaway propagation charts for 18 cell arrays in N2 (Tests 1 and 2).

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Figure S3. Thermal runaway propagation charts for 18 cell arrays in N2 (Tests 3 and 4).

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Figure S4. Thermal runaway propagation charts for 12 cell arrays in N2 (Tests 1, 2, and 3).

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Figure S5. Thermal runaway propagation charts for 12 cell arrays in air (Tests 1, 2, and 3).

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S3. Row-to-row thermal runaway propagation speeds (SP) for all tests (individual data points)

Figure S6. Thermal runaway propagation speeds for 18 cell arrays tested in N2.

Figure S7. Thermal runaway propagation speeds for 12 cell arrays tested in N2.

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Figure S8. Thermal runaway propagation speeds of 12 cell arrays tested in air.

S4. Photographs of the wind tunnel exhaust at different stages of the cascading failure exp eriments

Figure S9. Photographs of the wind tunnel exhaust collected during the N2 and air tests.

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