arrester GE

GE Arresters

TRANQUELL® Surge ArrestersProduct Selection & Application Guide

gGE Surge Arresters

Table of Contents

GE Surge Protection...The performance and reliability of

today's electric power system can be en-hanced with the unique characteristics of GETRANQUELL® arrester products. Sinceintroducing the world's first metal oxidearrester in 1976, offering new concepts insurge arrester design and application, GEhas developed and applied metal oxidetechnology for a variety of traditional andspecial applications. GE offers one of themost complete lines of surge arrester prod-ucts in the world today; EHV arresters up to612 kV rating as well as high energy varis-tors for series capacitor applications.

Starting with the state-of-the-art worldclass disk technology, all the way through theISO 9001 approved design, assemble andtest processes, GE offers extremely reliablearrester products.

Product and power systems engineerswork closely to optimize product perfor-mance on the system. This tradition hasmade GE the world's leading supplier ofmetal oxide arresters and specialty varistors.

The GE arrester provides both excellentprotective characteristics and temporaryovervoltage capability. The gapless construc-tion provides a design which is simple andreliable while remaining economical.TRANQUELL Polymer and porcelain arrest-ers are designed to meet the most demand-ing service conditions.

Introduction ..................................................... 4

Arrester Rating Selection Application Guide .. 5

Arrester Service Conditions and OtherConsiderations .......................................... 9

Insulation Coordination .................................. 11

Arrester Modeling .......................................... 13

Extra High Voltage Arrester Specifications... 15

Arrester Detailed Specifications:Polymer Station Arrester ......................... 16Polymer Intermediate Arrester ................ 18Polymer Heavy Arrester .......................... 19Heavy Duty Distribution Arrester.............. 20Riser Pole Arrester .................................. 21Polymer Normal Duty Distribution Arrester..22

Special Applications of TRANQUELL Metal OxideTechnology .............................................. 23

References ................................................... 24

Figure 1. TRANQUELL Porcelain Station Arrester

g GE Surge Arresters

Page 4© 2001 General Electric Companywww.geindustrial.com/industrialsystems/products/arresters.shtml

GeneralGE TRANQUELL® arresters are designedand tested in accordance with ANSI/IEEEC62.11 and IEC 99-4[2,3]. The standardTRANQUELL arrester consists of a stackof metal oxide disks mounted in a sealedhousing. Each disk is wedged in place of-fering protection against physical damageduring shipment and installation. On theend faces of each disk, a conducting surfaceis applied to assure proper contact and uni-form current distribution.

TRANQUELL arresters provide exceptionalovervoltage protection of major power sys-tem equipment. Under normal system con-ditions, the arrester conducts less than onemilliampere. When a surge reaches the ar-rester, the arrester conducts only the currentnecessary to limit the overvoltage. As a re-sult, TRANQUELL arresters absorb mini-mum energy to protect equipment insula-tion.

Metal Oxide DisksMetal oxide valve elements are composedof a specially formulated compound of zincoxide and small amounts of other selectedmetal oxides. These ingredients are mixedin powdered form, pressed to form a disk,and fired at high temperatures, resulting ina dense polycrystalline ceramic.

The basic molecular structure is a matrix ofhighly conductive zinc oxide grains sur-rounded by resistive intergranular layers ofmetal oxide elements. Under electricalstress, the intergranular layers conduct, re-sulting in a highly nonlinear characteristic.For example, a change of arrester current of100,000 to 1 (0.1A to 10,000A) results in avoltage change of only 54 percent. Metaloxide elements in TRANQUELL arrestersmaintain stable characteristics. Acceleratedlife tests show that arrester losses will notincrease during an arrester's service lifewhen exposed to a continuous steady-statevoltage. Stable metal oxide characteristicsenable TRANQUELL arresters to maintaintheir low protective characteristics. As aresult, equipment protection is never com-promised.

Metal oxide valve elements inTRANQUELL arresters maintain a verystable characteristic. Accelerated aging testsshow that the arrester power losses will not

increase during its service life when ex-posed to continuous operating voltage inany type of environment. Stable metal ox-ide disk characteristics enableTRANQUELL arresters to maintain theirlow protective characteristics. As a result,equipment protection is never compro-mised.

Disk CollaringThe collaring system used on GE varistordisks, has a dual purpose:

1) To provide an insulating collar to preventflashover at high currents.

2) To prevent the disk watts from increasingduring aging from surface oxygen reduc-tion.

The GE high dielectric insulating collar sys-tem is a nonporous, non-lead ceramic crys-talline that completely seals the circumfer-ence of the disk preventing any oxygendepletion from the zinc oxide grains. Thissystem insures the varistor disk will have astable aging characteristic in any surround-ing atmosphere; gas, liquid or solid. Manycollar systems can provide the insulationwithstand to prevent flashover at high cur-rents but only a nonporous inorganic mate-rial can insure long term stable aging char-acteristics.

Arrester Construction Polymer Surge ArrestersGE Tranquell polymer surge arresters areconstructed utilizing a rugged field-provensilicone alloy housing placed over aunique high-strength fiberglass wovenassembly of stacked metal oxide elements.In order to prevent moisture ingression,the air space between the housing andfiberglass housing is filled with a hydro-phobic dielectric grease. As additionalprotection, the cast metal end fittings ofthe arresters are tightly sealed around thepolymer housing. This state-of-the-artassembly yields an arrester that is strongerand more rugged than any polymer arresterin the industry. Along with unrivaled mechanical strength,GE Tranquell polymer arresters offer ex-ceptional electrical characteristics such aslow protective levels, high energy handlingcapability, and improved TOV capability.The electrical performance of the polymer

arresters is enhanced by its ability to eas-ily transfer heat from the metal oxide ele-ments to the outside environment. Thisdesign is far superior to the restricted airconvection utilized in other porcelain de-signs.

Porcelain EHV ArresterTRANQUELL EHV arresters incorporatea heat transfer system utilizing silicone-rub-ber material wedged between the metal ox-ide disk and internal porcelain wall. Heatgenerated in the valve element from steadystate, temporary, or transient conditions istransferred through the silicone-rubber ma-terial to the porcelain housing and then dis-sipated to the outside environment.

Each galvanized end fitting is gasketed andcemented to the porcelain housing provid-ing a complete moisture tight seal. Thissimple and rugged construction protectsagainst internal arrester damage during ship-ment and installation.

Arrester TestingDURABILITY TESTS &QUALITY ASSURANCE

TRANQUELL arresters comply with thedesign tests outlined in ANSI/IEEEC62.11 and IEC 99-4. They exceed therequirements for the duty-cycle test, high-current short-duration test, and the low-current long-duration test (transmissionline discharge test) with no loss in pro-tective capability.

The ANSI/IEEE duty-cycle test and IECoperating duty test verify that theTRANQUELL arresters can dissipate light-ning and switching surges while operatingat rated voltage, and thermally recover atmaximum continuous operating voltage(MCOV) of 60°C at an elevated tempera-ture. In other words, the arrester can self-cool under applied voltage after absorbingtransient energy.

Gapless construction and a special shed de-sign provide excellent contamination per-formance exceeding ANSI/IEEE contami-nation test requirements. More demandingtests performed on TRANQUELL arrestersalso indicate they have an outstanding ca-pability to withstand the effects of severeexternal contamination. Factory tests areperformed on each metal oxide disk. Long-term stability tests are conducted on each

gGE Surge Arresters

Page 5 © 2001 General Electric Companywww.geindustrial.com/industrialsystems/products/arresters.shtml

The objective of arrester application is toselect the lowest rated surge arrester thatwill have a satisfactory service life on thepower system while providing adequate pro-tection of equipment insulation. An arrester

Application Guide for Selection of Arrester Ratingof the minimum practical rating is gener-ally preferred because it provides the great-est margin of protection for the insulation.The use of a higher rating increases thecapability of the arrester to survive on the

power system, but reduces the margin ofprotection it provides for a specific insula-tion level. Thus, arrester selection muststrike a balance between arrester survivaland equipment protection.

Table 1 lists arrester ratings that wouldnormally be applied on systems of variousline-to-line voltages. The rating of the ar-rester is defined as the rms voltage at whichthe arrester passes the duty-cycle test asdefined by the referenced standard. To de-cide which rating is most appropriate for a

particular application, consideration mustbe given to the following system stressesto which the arrester will be exposed:

n Continuous system voltagen Temporary overvoltagesn Switching surges (frequently a consid-

eration in transmission systems of 345

kV and above, and for capacitor banksand cable applications)

n Lightning surges

The arrester selected must have sufficientcapability to meet the anticipated servicerequirements in all categories.

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NOTE: The arrester TOV capability must exceed the magnitude and duration of the expectedtemporary overvoltages considering the response time of primary and back-up system protection.

and optimized. Every disk is subjected toan impulse current of 10kA 8/20 µs to mea-sure its discharge voltage or nominal pro-tective level. A disk strength test se-

ries, consisting of multiple transmission-linedischarges, is performed to make certainthat the disk has full energy capability.



should be given to an arrester applicationon the delta tertiary winding of a trans-former where one corner of the delta ispermanently grounded. In such circuits, thenormal voltage continuously applied to thearrester will be the full phase-to-phase volt-age even though the arresters are connectedline-to-ground.

ous power system voltage applied to thearrester is less than, or equal to, thearrester's continuous voltage capability.Attention must be given to both the circuitconnection (single phase, wye or delta) andthe arrester connection (line-to-ground,line-to-line). In most cases, the arrester isconnected line-to-ground and thereforemust withstand line-to-ground system op-erating voltage. If an arrester is to be con-nected line-to-line, phase-to-phase voltagemust be considered. In addition, attention

CONTINUOUS SYSTEM VOLTAGE

Arresters in service are continually ex-posed to system operating voltage. For eacharrester rating, there is a recommendedlimit to the magnitude of voltage whichmay be continuously applied. This has beentermed the Maximum Continuous Operat-ing Voltage (MCOV) of the arrester. TheMCOV of each TRANQUELL® arrester iscontained in Table 2. These values meet orexceed those values contained in the refer-enced standard.The arrester rating must beselected such that the maximum continu-

Table 2(a) & (b) : TRANQUELL Polymer and Porcelain Arrester Characteristics

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55.201.556.704.82.017.213.510.715.910.224.420.925.135.630.930.240.840.350.750.070.670.480.890.6010.511

4.87.610.528.723.337.141.053.659.369.274.089.592.4019.0217.8214.4415.3619.9718.1918.1424.7529.8829.6237.2631.683

0.69.118.718.917.327.926.531.045.549.152.753.862.471.686.198.2014.6110.8216.6311.2712.3816.5023.1427.7620.582

4.68.212.914.126.520.234.832.341.940.657.166.370.088.298.899.0115.5211.8313.7416.5816.7918.1220.1525.8725.692

7.65.312.025.229.627.334.045.546.159.859.464.771.486.799.3016.6110.2312.5419.4512.5918.7022.3329.3628.2927.113

1.71.411.125.321.822.533.246.740.456.169.760.180.881.2017.8010.2210.8318.1510.2612.4024.7120.4421.6723.6031.623

6.72.517.223.523.039.735.542.151.853.661.372.787.499.9010.7113.1316.8415.3614.4718.9120.4326.2622.7927.9230.153

4.88.611.520.825.330.240.057.653.464.379.085.698.4017.1215.9213.5415.4610.1811.3913.3420.9527.0920.9230.5636.883

6.91.913.828.131.836.742.754.460.373.389.196.9010.9111.8311.7410.5618.6815.5022.9123.6721.4921.0336.3734.4142.144

Note 1: Based on 500A surge of 45µs time to crest through 84 kV MCOV, and 1kA surge of 45µs time to crest for MCOV ≤ 98kV.Note 2: For more detailed information on Polymer Station Arresters, refer to page 17.

gGE Surge Arresters


TEMPORARY OVERVOLTAGES

Temporary overvoltages (TOV) can becaused by a number of system events suchas line-to-ground faults, circuit backfeeding,load rejection and ferroresonance. The sys-tem configuration and operating practicesshould be reviewed to identify the mostprobable forms of temporary overvoltageswhich may occur at the arrester location.Thearrester temporary overvoltage capability

must meet or exceed the expected tempo-rary overvoltages. Table 3 defines the tem-porary overvoltage capability of eachTRANQUELL arrester.

If detailed transient system studies or calcu-lations are not available, it is traditional toconsider as a minimum, the overvoltagesdue to single line-to-ground faults. The ar-

rester application standard ANSI C62.22gives some guidance in determining the mag-nitude of single line-to-ground fault over-voltages. These overvoltages depend on de-tails of system grounding.

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1.99.716.623.925.532.443.351.958.765.679.48101011821631531451071381632242972113043863814644854384175516566576007347357277877

3.64.214.813.026.426.038.639.049.649.257.857.968.573.888.39

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9.66.312.022.229.625.334.048.444.150.853.464.670.388.69301501021231241581091912442462782623843953973744284225725745285985406906

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5.78.410.222.424.926.631.449.841.653.363.074.386.09601311511131541651202802932662982413753183293414984725175675795636446166666

0.88.515.329.524.131.931.743.250.067.761.572.989.690.3110.0210.2210.9310.3510.5610.4120.0220.4520.3820.6030.2330.9730.4040.7140.0440.0250.0650.4060.3160.5360.6760.5860.2070.807

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3.013.022.033.334.043.056.062.761.770.785.69511521641551151371191502662472613153183314074205715645546596257067887938948178878

Note 1: Based on 500A surge of 45µs time crest through 88 kV MCOV,1kA surge of 45µs time to crest for 98kv ≥ MCOV ≥ 194 kV, and 2kA surge of 45µs time to crest for MCOV greater than 194kV.Note 2: Special voltage ratings available upon request.



The primary ef-fect of temporaryovervoltages onmetal oxide ar-resters is in-creased currentand power dissi-pation, and a ris-ing arrester tem-perature. Table 3shows the tempo-rary overvoltagecapability of allGE arrester de-signs. This tabledefines the dura-tion and magni-tude of temporaryovervoltages thatmay be applied tothe arrester beforethe arrester voltage must be reduced to thearresters' continuous operating voltage ca-pability. These capabilities have been de-fined independent of system impedance andare therefore valid for voltages applied atthe arrester location.

SWITCHING SURGES

The ability of TRANQUELL arresters todissipate overhead line switching surges canbe quantified to a large degree in terms ofenergy. The units used in quantifying theenergy capability of metal oxide arresters iskilojoules per kilovolt. This is convenientas arresters are constructed of series repeat-ing sections.

The maximum amount of energy that maybe dissipated in TRANQUELL arresters isgiven in Table 4.

In defining these

capabilities, it is assumed that multiple dis-charges are distributed over a one-minuteperiod. TRANQUELL arresters have con-siderably more capability in applicationswhere the discharges take place over a longerperiod of time. After a one-minute rest pe-riod, the above discharges may be repeated.The one-minute rest period allows the disktemperature distribution to become uniform.Energy ratings also assume that switchingsurges occur in a system having surgeimpedance's of several hundred ohms aswould be typical for overhead transmissioncircuits.

In low-surge impedance circuits havingcables or shunt capacitors as elements, theenergy capability of metal oxide arrestersmay be reduced because currents can ex-ceed values stated previously.

The actual amount of energy discharged ina metal oxide arrester during a switchingsurge is a complex function of both thearrester volt-ampere characteristic and thedetails of the system. The energy likely tobe discharged can best be determined on aTransient Network Analyzer (TNA) or witha digital circuit analysis program like theElectromagnetic Transients Program(EMTP) where system and arrester detailscan be represented accurately. GE’s TNA IIwith its associated minicomputer data ac-quisition and analysis system or GE’s MAN-TRAP program (enhanced version ofEMTP) are uniquely well suited for theseevaluations. Details of arrester modeling areincluded in the ARRESTER MODELINGsection of this brochure.

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gGE Surge Arresters


ARRESTER CONTAMINATION

TRANQUELL® arresters are built in ac-cordance with contamination tests outlinedin ANSI/IEEE C62.11. More demandingtests than those outlined in the ANSI/IEEEC62.11 have shown that TRANQUELL ar-resters have outstanding capability to with-stand the effects of very severe externalcontamination.

In applications where severe contaminationis anticipated and extra leakage (creepage)distance is required for other station insula-tion, the arrester leakage distance should bereviewed. An arrester connected line-to-ground needs to have a leakage distance nogreater than that required for the other line-to-ground insulation in the station. Extraleakage distance arrester housings are avail-able. Manual hot washing of TRANQUELLarresters with a single stream of pressur-ized, de-ionized water is permissible, pro-vided electric utility industry accepted safetyprecautions are observed.

ARRESTER FAILURE & PRESSURE RELIEF

In the event that the capability of aTRANQUELL arrester is exceeded, themetal oxide disks may crack or puncture.Such damage will reduce the arrester inter-nal electrical resistance. Although this willlimit the arrester's ability to survive futuresystem conditions, it does not jeopardizethe insulation protection provided by thearrester.

In the unlikely case of complete failure ofthe arrester, a line-to-ground arc will de-velop and pressure will build up inside thehousing. This pressure will be safely ventedto the outside and an external arc will beestablished provided the fault current iswithin the pressure relief fault current capa-bility of the arrester. This low-voltage arcmaintains equipment protection. All ratingsof metal top porcelain station arresters willwithstand a system available short circuitcurrent of at least 65,000 amperes rms. sym-metrical (169,000 amperes, first crest) inaccordance with the test procedures out-lined in ANSI/IEEE C62.11 and IEC 99.4.Porcelain arresters with higher pressure re-lief capability are available upon request.Pressure relief/fault current capability forall GE TRANQUELL arresters is shown inTable 5.

Once an arrester has safely vented, it nolonger possesses its pressure relief/fault cur-rent capability. An arrester that has ventedshould be replaced immediately.

For a given application, the arrester to beselected should have a pressure relief/faultcurrent capability greater than the maxi-mum short-circuit current available at theintended arrester location including appro-priate allowances for system growth. Aswith any porcelain arrester, the pressure re-lief apertures should be oriented away fromadjacent apparatus to minimize damage tothat apparatus in case of a pressure reliefoperation.

In applications where an arrester pressurerelief/fault current capability is exceeded, itshould be mounted in an enclosure to pre-vent a safety hazard. A physical installationof this nature might be used for the protec-tion of a large generator.

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

Ambient temperature is an important con-sideration in the application of metal oxidearresters. Metal oxide materials exhibit atemperature dependent loss characteristic;the higher the ambient temperature, thehigher will be the disk temperature whenthe arrester is operated at its continuousvoltage capability.

The referenced standards indicate that theambient temperature not exceeding 40°C isthe standard service condition for arresters.TRANQUELL arresters are designed to op-erate at a weighted average temperature of45°C with excursions to 60°C.

ALTITUDE

TRANQUELL arresters are designed foraltitudes not exceeding 10,000 ft. (3000 m)above sea level. For higher altitude applica-tions, extra clearances may be required inthe design of the arrester housing. In gen-eral, the insulation design of the substationwill dictate the arrester clearances. For each300 ft. (100 m) above a 10,000 ft. (3000 m)altitude, arrester clearances should increaseapproximately one percent [7].

MOUNTING CONSIDERATIONS

TRANQUELL arresters are designed to beself-supporting for base mounting in a ver-

tical position. However, units for othermounting arrangements are available on re-quest. Arresters may be horizontallymounted if the cantilever loading, includingarrester weight, icing, and terminal loads,does not exceed the maximum working can-tilever strength. Where applicable, the pres-sure relief vents should be located on theunderside of the arrester. Units for suspen-sion mountings are also available.

The rated working cantilever strengths forvarious arrester ratings are shown in Table6 and are defined in accordance with ANSIC29.9 [8]. The defined strengths exceed therequirements for US Seismic Zone 3 (<0.2g). For arresters installed in higher zones,seismic requirements need to be specified.

In the installation of arresters, recommendedclearances between the arrester and any ad-jacent equipment must be observed. Failureto do so may result in unwanted flashoversand electrical overstress to internal arresterelements.

TRANQUELL arresters are designed tohave a uniform voltage gradient along thelength of the porcelain column. Where ap-plicable, a grading ring is mounted on topof the arrester to establish a more uniformvoltage distribution along the arrester.Clearly, if the arrester were mounted adja-cent to a ground plane, this uniformity wouldbe disturbed. To avoid such a situation, theminimum clearances to ground planes andother phase conductors must be observed.

FIELD TESTING

In general, it is impractical to fully test anarrester in the field without high-voltagetest equipment and accurate instrumenta-tion. Instead, the arrester leakage currentcan be used to monitor the over-all state orcondition of the arrester. For example, anabnormal leakage current measurement canbe indicative of a wet, surface-contaminated,or vented arrester.

More information regarding field testing isavailable on the GE website (www.ge.com/capacitor).

Arrester leakage current can be monitoredby a surge-counter leakage meter or by anoscilloscope connected directly to a surge-counter test connection. Typical arrester

Arrester Service Conditions and Other Considerations



leakage currents of station arresters oper-ating at their continuous voltage capabilityand at 20°C are in the range of one-half tothree milliamperes. Contamination of thearrester housing will contribute another com-ponent to the leakage current. If leakagecurrent is to be used as an indication ofarrester condition, the arrester must be clean,and the voltage and temperature must cor-respond to some standard test conditions,

specific to each arrester location.

ARRESTER SELECTION SUMMARY

The arrester selection process should in-clude a review of all system stresses andservice conditions expected at the arresterlocation. System stresses include continu-ous operating voltage, temporary overvolt-ages, and switching surges. If arresters ofdifferent ratings are required to meet these

individual criteria, the highest resulting rat-ing must be chosen. The arresters' capabil-ity for contamination, pressure relief, ambi-ent temperature, and altitude must exceedthe specified requirements.

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ArresterRated

Voltage(kVrms)

HousingType Arrester Type

Fault CurrentCapability (A

sym.)3 - 36kV Polymer Normal Duty Distribution 10,0003 - 36kV Polymer Heavy Duty Distribution 20,0003 - 36kV Polymer Riser Pole 20,000

3.0 - 144kV Polymer Intermediate 20,0003.0 - 144kV Polymer Station 80,0003.0 - 27kV Porcelain Station - Porcelain Top 10,0003.0 - 48kV Porcelain Station - Metal Top 65,00054 - 360kV Porcelain Station 93,000396 - 612kV Porcelain Station 65,000

Table 5- Pressure Relief / Fault Current

gGE Surge Arresters


Once an arrester has been selected, theprotection it provides to the equipment in-sulation can be determined. This protec-tion is dependent on the protective charac-teristics of the arrester, the lightning andswitching surges expected on the system,and the insulation characteristics of theprotected equipment. It is quantified interms of the protective ratio which is theratio of the equipment insulation withstandto the arrester protective level. The objec-tive is to meet or exceed the minimumprotective ratios for the various classes ofvoltage surges as recommended in the ap-plication standards. An alternate measureis the percent protective margin which isthe protective ratio minus one, times 100%. For example, a protective ratio of 1.53corresponds to a 53 % protective margin.

ARRESTER PROTECTIVE

CHARACTERISTICS

The protective characteristic ofTRANQUELL® arresters is solely definedby the discharge voltage and is generallyproportional to arrester MCOV. For any onearrester, the discharge voltage is a functionof the magnitude of the arrester current and,in the impulse region, of the time to crest ofthe arrester current. In general, for any spe-cific applied impulse current through thearrester, the time-to-crest for the voltagewave will be less than the time-to-crest forthe current wave. Figure 1 shows the testresults of a 10 kA 8/20 µs current impulsetest.

TRANQUELL protective characteristicshave been defined for fast impulse currentswith times-to-crest shorter than 8 µs. Avail-able data on lightning strokes and simula-tion studies on impulse transients withinsubstations both indicate that arresters inservice may be subjected to fast current

impulse waves. To illustrate arrester pro-tection for slower transients, the dischargevoltages have been defined for standardswitching surge currents.

The arrester protective characteristic is acontinuous function defined over a rangeof discharge currents and their resultant dis-charge voltages. The insulation withstandof equipment on the other hand, is generallydefined only at three voltage points throughthe use of the standard switching surge, thefull wave, and the chopped wave tests. Tofacilitate comparison with these three with-stands, three corresponding protective lev-els of the TRANQUELL arrester have beenselected as indicated in Table 6.

Three protective levels are selected for co-ordination with the transformer insulationcharacteristics. They are described as fol-lows:

• Switching Surge Protective LevelThis is the crest discharge voltage that re-sults when a 36/90 µs current impulse isapplied to the arrester. To define thearrester's switching surge protective level, a"switching surge coordination current" isdefined for the various system voltages.These currents are: 500 amperes for maxi-mum system line-to-line voltages to 150kV, 1000 amperes for systems 151 to 325kV, and 2000 amperes for systems above325 kV.

• Impulse Protective LevelThis is the crest discharge voltage that re-sults when an 8/20 µs current impulse isapplied to the arrester. The resultant crestvoltages for a variety of crest currents aregiven in the applicable Arrester Character-istics Table. To allow coordination withtransformer insulation, a specific current im-

pulse magni-tude must beselected basedon the systemvoltage. Ref-erence [5]provides guid-ance for thisselection.

• Front-of-Wave Protective LevelThis is the discharge voltage for currentimpulses having a faster time to crest thanthe 8/20 µs current impulse. This resultantcrest voltage is listed as the front-of-wave(FOW) protective level. This protectivelevel is derived by applying a series of cur-rent wave impulses to an arrester with vary-ing times to crest (1, 2, 8 ms) and extendingthe measured voltages to 0.5 µs in accor-dance with ANSI/IEEE C62.11.

PROTECTIVE RATIOS

The three-point method is usually appliedfor insulation coordination. In this methodthe protective ratios are calculated at threeseparate points within the volt-time domain;namely switching surge, full wave, andchopped wave regions. If the following pro-tective ratios are met or exceeded, satisfac-tory insulation coordination will be achievedaccording to the minimum recommendationsgiven in ANSI C62.22.

These calculated protective ratios assumenegligible arrester lead length and separa-tion distance between the arrester and thetransformer.

In many cases, the calculated protectiveratios exceed the minimum protective ra-tios recommended by ANSI by a consider-able amount in actual power system appli-cations.

As a specific example in protective ratiocalculation, consider a 550kV BIL trans-

Insulation Coordination

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>= 1.25Chopped Wave WithstandFront-of-Wave Protective Level

Figure 2. Arrester Voltage and current osillogramsfor 10kA, 8/20µs current impulse test.



tained fromA N S IC62.22 andReferences[10] and[11]. Whenm a k i n gsuch trans-f o r m e rvoltage estimates for shielded stations, itis suggested that the front-of-wave pro-tective level of the arrester be used as anapproximation for the arrester voltage. Indecisive situations, it is suggested that digi-

tal computer studies be performed in whichthe arrester and substation details can bemodeled.

former protected by a 144kV ratedTRANQUELL polymer station surge ar-rester. The three transformer insulation with-stand voltages are as specified in ANSIC57.12.00[9]. The calculated ratios indi-cate that the arrester would provide excel-lent protection for the transformer insula-tion.

If the separation distance between the trans-former and arrester is not negligible, thetransformer voltage can oscillate above thearrester voltage during lightning transients,thus reducing the protective ratio. Guid-ance in estimating these effects can be ob-

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World Class Disk Technology... The Heart of GE Arresters

GE metal oxide disks are recognized for their leading edge technology by electrical equipment manufacturers around the world.Our disks have been incorporated in a broad array of products; surge arresters, under-oil protection in transformer tanks, cabletermination products, switchgear and distribution panels and power quality devices. GE disks have more combined field experiencein various arrester as well as non-arrester applications than any other disk available on the market today. Our disks are designed inaccordance with IEEE and IEC Standards and are available in a voltage range from 3 to 6kV in five diametric sizes; 33mm, 41mm,51mm, 62mm and 76mm.

Figure 3. GE Metal Oxide Disks

gGE Surge Arresters


The TRANQUELL® arrester can be readilymodeled for system studies. Typical volt-age-current points for TRANQUELL ar-resters can be obtained via your local GErepresentative. The points are normalizedon the arrester maximum discharge volt-age at 10 kA and were generated by apply-ing current waves of different magnitudesand times-to-crest to the arrester and mea-suring the resultant crest voltages. Themaximum values are appropriate for thecomputation of protective ratios in insula-tion coordination and the minimum valuesmay be used in computation of maximumarrester energies.

In studies involving switching surges, the36/90 µs volt-ampere relationship shouldbe used to model the arrester. This type ofmodel is sufficient for switching surgesof longer duration. For lightning or fastswitching surge studies, a conservativechoice would be the use of the front-of-wave characteristic because it yields thehighest calculated voltages and the lowestprotective ratio. Depending on the actualwaveforms, however, the 8/20 µs charac-teristic may be an appropriate choice. Incalculations involving ferroresonance orload rejection overvoltages, the power fre-quency characteristic (1 ms wavefront testdata) could be used to determine the ar-rester volt-amp curve and the arrester duty.

It should be noted that when a metal oxidearrester is used to control temporary ov-ervoltages that can last for many powerfrequency cycles, the material exhibitssome time dependence. For a fixed ampli-tude, sinusoidal power frequency voltageapplied to the metal oxide, the first fewcycles of arrester current tend to be greaterin magnitude than the subsequent cycles[12]. If the arrester is to be modeled forsuch an application, the specific volt-cur-rent-time relationship should be used.

APPLICATION OPPORTUNITIES

Because of their unique operating mode,high energy absorption, and low protectivelevel, TRANQUELL arresters offer con-siderable advantages in a variety of situa-tions where other types of arresters havebeen difficult to apply. Such situations in-clude the protection of shunt capacitor

banks, cable circuits, switch-connectedequipment, SF

6 substations and transmis-

sion lines.

SHUNT CAPACITOR BANK & CABLE CIRCUIT

The switching of shunt capacitor banks orcables can produce surges that may resultin significant duty to arresters. This is par-ticularly so if the switching device shouldrestrike with trapped charge on the capaci-tor or cable. The arresters exposed to thisduty may be located on either side of theswitching device. TRANQUELL arresterslimit the surge voltages by diverting thesystem current from the capacitor to thearrester. The duty imposed on the arresterdepends on the size of the bank and thesource impedance of the power system.

The application of arresters near large shuntcapacitor banks generally requires an ana-lytical investigation of the surge currentsresulting from the switching and restrik-ing of these capacitors. If an adjacent sub-station also has a shunt capacitor bank, thephenomenon of voltage magnification maycause higher surge currents in the remotearresters than in the arresters at the sub-station where the switching is being per-formed.

The application of TRANQUELL arresterson large capacitor banks should be reviewedwith your local GE representative.

SWITCH CONNECTED EQUIPMENT

Equipment insulation can be subjected tohigh frequency, low energy transients ini-tiated by some types of switchgear includ-ing air break switches. These transientshave resulted in multiple operations andexcessive power frequency energy in sili-con carbide arresters. TRANQUELL ar-resters, however, maintain a higher aver-age resistance during conduction, thus re-ducing the energy discharge and increas-ing the arrester's ability to survive.

SF6 SUBSTATION PROTECTION

In SF6 substations, particular concern is

placed on the fast front protection of insu-lation within the station against lightningtransients. In this role, TRANQUELL lineentrance arresters offer an advantage un-der the fast impulse conditions of con-cern. By holding a lower voltage,

TRANQUELL arresters provide improvedprotection to the insulation within the sub-station remote from the arrester.

TRANSMISSION LINE SWITCHING SURGE

PROTECTION

TRANQUELL arresters connected to theopen-end of switched lines can reduce themagnitude of switching surges along theentire line. Such an application can resultin more reliable operation or, in the caseof new lines, a possible reduction in thecost of line insulation and a smaller rightof way. Further reduction in switchingsurges are possible with additional arrest-ers at intermediate locations.

Arrester Modeling

Figure 4. TRANQUELL Polymer StationArrester



Extra High Voltage (EHV) ArrestersDESCRIPTION

TRANQUELL® Extra High Voltage surgearresters have provided excellent protec-tive characteristics, temporary overvoltagecapability and switching-surge energywithstand to power systems of 500kV andabove for over 20 years. It is an improve-ment on the field-proven TRANQUELLarrester and incorporates the latest devel-opment in metal-oxide technology andoutdoor arrester design.

The TRANQUELL Extra High Voltagesurge arrester consists basically of twoparallel columns of highly non-linear metaloxide resistors, which are hermetically en-closed in porcelain containers. Each col-umn is comprised of metal oxide disksconnected in series. The discharge cur-rent, and thus the energy, is essentiallyequally distributed between the two col-umns. The improved metal oxide disks havebetter volt-ampere characteristics, lowerpower dissipation, and a non-porous glass-ceramic insulating collar around the diskwhich ensures long-term stability in anyenvironment. The new porcelain housing’sshed profile has outstanding capability towithstand the effects of very severe exter-nal contamination.

Since TRANQUELL Extra High Voltagesurge arresters do not have series or shuntgaps, the reliability of the arrester is en-hanced: there is no sparkover protectivecharacteristics, no gap reseal requirement,and no gap failure due to pollution-inducedcoupling currents. Also, the response timeof the arrester to overvoltages is extremelyfast. At normal system voltage, the arresterconducts a very small amount of current;when a surge reaches the arrester, it in-stantaneously conducts the current neces-sary to limit the overvoltage. As a result,TRANQUELL arresters absorb minimumenergy to protect equipment insulation.

TRANQUELL Extra High Voltage surgearresters are designed to meet or exceedthe requirements of ANSI/IEEE C62.11-

1993 and IEC 99-4 (1991) standards.

The designs for the standard TRANQUELLExtra High Voltage surge arresters for vari-ous ratings and recommended system volt-ages are listed in Table 10. Arresters ofspecial design can be built to meet par-ticular application requirements.

EHV ENERGY CAPABILITY

The ability of the TRANQUELL arresterto dissipate system switching surges canbe quantified to a large degree in terms ofenergy. The units generally used in quanti-fying this capability are "kilojoules per kV(kJ/kV) of rating" or "kilojoules per kV ofMCOV". This is convenient since the vari-ous arrester ratings are constructed usingseries arrester units. The maximum amountof energy that a TRANQUELL Extra HighVoltage arrester can absorb in a singleevent, without damage to the arrester orchange in its performance, is 13.6 kJ/kVof rating or 17.0 kJ/kV of MCOV. In defin-ing this capability, the impulse energy isassumed to take place as a single dischargeor multiple discharges within a very shortperiod without a pause for cooling. Thearresters have considerably more capabil-ity in applications where the dischargesmay take place over a longer period oftime.

To provide assurance that all metal-oxidedisks used in TRANQUELL arresters havethis capability, every disk is subjected to adisk strength test series consisting of threegroups of multiple energy discharges. Eachgroup is applied within one minute and thedisk is allowed to cool between each group.The total rated test energy applied to eachdisk in one group is 15.5 kJ/kV of rating or19.4 kJ/kV of MCOV. For TRANQUELLExtra High Voltage arresters with two par-allel columns of metal oxide disks, therated test energy is 29.5 kJ/kV of rating or36.8 kJ/kV of MCOV.

Although the statement of arrester energycapability is quite succinct, the actual

amount of energy discharged into an ar-rester during a system switching surge is acomplex function of both the arrester im-pedance and the details of the network orsystem. The energy likely to be dischargedcan be determined on a Transient NetworkAnalyzer (TNA) or by computer simula-tion where system and arrester details arerepresented.

For applications requiring higher energycapability or lower protective levels, orboth, than the standard ratings, specialTRANQUELL Extra High Voltage can bedesigned. In fact, GE has supplied sucharrester designs that are utilized to protectExtra High Voltage circuit breakers andlarge capacitor installations.

Arrester ServiceConditions and Other

Considerations EHV CONTAMINATION PERFORMANCE

The TRANQUELL arrester easily passesthe ANSI/IEEE C62.11 contamination test.More demanding tests, for example the20-cycle 7-hour slurry test prescribed byBPA, AEP and NYPA, indicate that theTRANQUELL arrester has outstanding ca-pability to withstand the effects of verysevere external contamination.

SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS

Standard TRANQUELL Extra High Volt-age arresters are designed and tested towithstand the requirements of seismicZone 3 of the United States. Arresters withhigher seismic withstand capability areavailable.

MOUNTING CONSIDERATIONS

TRANQUELL Extra High Voltage arrest-ers are designed to be self-supporting forbase mounting in a vertical position. Therated cantilever strength of the standardarresters is 200,000 in-lb (22,600 Nm).

gGE Surge Arresters


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Notes: * The network or power system is assumed to be solidly grounded** The arrester housing has higher insulation withstand levels than these values, which are the test levels used during theactual tests

Figure 5. TRANQUELL EHV Arresters



Figure 6. Polymer Station Arrester, 3kV through 72kV

Polymer Station & Intermediate ArrestersGE’s surge arresters are designed to pro-tect against overvoltages such as lightningor switching. Station Class arresters areused in large electric utility and indus-trial substations to protect transformers

STATION ARRESTER INSULATION CHARACTERISTICS*

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and other substation equipment formlightning and switching surge generatedovervoltages. Intermediate Class arrest-ers are used where the purchaser feelsthat the higher cost of Station Class ar-

resters is not justified. TRANQUELL®

polymer arresters provide both excellentprotective characteristics and temporaryovervoltage capability.

STATION ARRESTER DIMENSIONS, LEAKAGE DISTANCES, MOUNTING CLEARANCES & WEIGHTS

Figure. 7. Polymer Station Arrester - 90kV through 144k(Hardware and base dimensions are same as in Figure 6)*Station Arrester Characteristics are shown on pg. 7

gGE Surge Arresters


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Polymer Intermediate Arrester

PROTECTIVE CHARACTERISTICS

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)ces1(yrD)ces01(teW3690121518112427203639354844506270969801021231441

6.21.57.74.82.017.213.510.715.910.224.420.925.135.630.930.240.840.750.070.670.880.890.6010.511

]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]5.3711[2.64]5.3711[2.64]5.3711[2.64]6.4651[6.16]6.4651[6.16]8.5591[0.77]8.5591[0.77]0.7432[4.29]0.7432[4.29]1.8372[8.701]2.3472[0.801]2.3472[0.801]2.3472[0.801]0.4114[0.261]0.4114[0.261]0.4114[0.261

]2.241[6.5]2.241[6.5]2.241[6.5]2.241[6.5]3.472[8.01]3.472[8.01]3.472[8.01]3.472[8.01]9.804[1.61]9.804[1.61]9.804[1.61]0.145[3.12]0.145[3.12]1.376[5.62]1.376[5.62]2.508[7.13]2.508[7.13]8.939[0.73]8.9901[3.34]8.9901[3.34]8.9901[3.34]9.4241[1.65]9.4241[1.65]9.4241[1.65

001001001001561561561561032032032013013093093054054025085085085138138138

0404040407070707501501501041041081081022022052023023023533533533

06060606001001001001041041041081081032032062062003004004004345345345

INSULATION CHARACTERISTICS

Figure 8. TRANQUELL Polymer Interme-diate Arrester



Polymer Intermediate ArresterINTERMEDIATE ARRESTER DIMENSIONS, LEAKAGE DISTANCES,MOUNTING CLEARANCES & WEIGHTS [NEMA PAD]


VOCM llarevO"X"thgieH

ecnatsiDegakaeLesaBotlanimreT

oteniLretneCeniLretneC

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Vk ]mm[ni ]mm[ni ]mm[ni ]mm[ni bl

55.201.556.704.82.017.213.510.715.910.224.420.925.135.630.930.240.840.750.070.670.880.890.6010.511

]6.262[3.01]6.262[3.01]6.262[3.01]6.262[3.01]3.793[6.51]3.793[6.51]3.793[6.51]3.793[6.51]4.105[7.91]4.105[7.91]4.105[7.91]6.176[4.62]6.176[4.62]7.808[8.13]7.808[8.13]9.219[9.53]9.219[9.53]1.3801[6.24

]9021[6.74]9021[6.74]9021[6.74]0871[1.07]0871[1.07]0871[1.07

]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]5.3711[2.64]5.3711[2.64]5.3711[2.64]6.4651[6.16]6.4651[6.16]8.5591[0.77]8.5591[0.77]0.7432[4.29]0.7432[4.29]1.8372[8.701]2.3472[0.801]2.3472[0.801]2.3472[0.801]2.3472[0.261]2.3472[0.261]2.3472[0.261

]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]7.662[5.01]7.662[5.01]5.713[5.21]9.243[5.31]7.393[5.51]1.914[5.61]9.964[5.81]7.025[5.02]9.695[5.32]0.6101[0.04]8.6601[0.24]4.8611[0.64]4.5921[0.15]0.7931[0.55]2.3741[0.85

]7.931[5.5]7.931[5.5]7.931[5.5]7.931[5.5]7.931[5.5]7.931[5.5]3.741[8.5]7.271[8.6]1.891[8.7]5.322[8.8]5.322[8.8]3.472[8.01]7.992[8.11]25.053[8.31]9.573[8.41]7.624[8.61]5.774[8.81]7.335[8.12]2.838[0.33]0.988[0.53]6.099[0.93]6.7111[0.44]8.3911[0.74]0.0721[0.05

]9.2[3.6]9.2[3.6]9.2[3.6]9.2[3.6]5.4[0.01]5.4[0.01]5.4[0.01]5.4[0.01]2.6[7.31]2.6[7.31]2.6[7.31]9.7[4.71]9.7[4.71]1.9[0.02]1.9[0.02]7.01[5.32]7.01[5.32]2.21[0.72]0.52[0.55]4.52[0.65]9.52[0.75]0.23[5.07]0.23[5.07]0.23[5.07





eniLretneCdnuorGot

thgieW

Vk ]mm[ni ]mm[ni ]mm[ni ]mm[ni ]gk[bl

55.201.556.704.82.017.213.510.715.910.224.420.925.135.630.930.240.840.75

]3.571[9.6]3.571[9.6]3.571[9.6]3.571[9.6]9.903[2.21]9.903[2.21]9.903[2.21]9.903[2.21]0.414[3.61]0.414[3.61]0.414[3.61]2.485[0.32]2.485[0.32]4.127[4.82]4.127[4.82]5.528[5.23]5.528[5.23]7.599[2.93

]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]5.3711[2.64]5.3711[2.64]5.3711[2.64]6.4651[6.16]6.4651[6.16]8.5591[0.77]8.5591[0.77]0.7432[4.29]0.7432[4.29]1.8372[8.701

]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]3.142[5.9]7.662[5.01]7.662[5.01]5.713[5.21]9.243[5.31]7.393[5.51]1.914[5.61]9.964[5.81]7.025[5.02]9.695[5.32

]7.931[5.5]7.931[5.5]7.931[5.5]7.931[5.5]7.931[5.5]7.931[5.5]3.741[8.5]7.271[8.6]1.891[8.7]5.322[8.8]5.322[8.8]3.472[8.01]7.992[8.11]25.053[8.31]9.573[8.41]7.624[8.61]5.774[8.81]7.335[8.12

]9.2[3.6]9.2[3.6]9.2[3.6]9.2[3.6]5.4[0.01]5.4[0.01]5.4[0.01]5.4[0.01]2.6[7.31]2.6[7.31]2.6[7.31]9.7[4.71]9.7[4.71]1.9[0.02]1.9[0.02]7.01[5.32]7.01[5.32]2.21[0.72

INTERMEDIATE ARRESTER DIMENSIONS, LEAKAGE DISTANCES, MOUNT-ING CLEARANCES & WEIGHTS [EYEBOLT TERMINAL] Figure 10. Polymer Intermediate Arrester,

90kV through 144kV [9L12PPAXXXS]

Figure 11. Polymer Intermediate Arrester,3kV through 72kV [9L12PPBXXXS]

Figure 9. Polymer Intermediate Arrester,3kV through 72kV[9L12PPAXXXS]

gGE Surge Arresters


Polymer Distribution & Riser Pole ArrestersGE Tranquell Polymer Distribution andRiser Pole surge arresters are used ondistribution systems to protect transformersand other medium voltage power equip-ment from lightning and switching surgegenerated overvoltages. The PolymerDistribution and Riser pole arrestersexhibit excellent protective characteristics,temporary overvoltage capability, andswitching surge energy withstand. Gaplessinternal construction combined with apolymer housing results in a design which

is simple, reliable, and economical whileoffering excellent fault current capability tomeet the most demanding service condi-tions. The GE arrester design is based onfield-proven metal oxide disks known formaintaining stable characteristics. In orderto assure the highest level of quality,Tranquell Polymer Distribution and RiserPole surge arresters are designed andmanufactured in accordance with the latestversions of ANSI/IEEE C62.11 and IEC99-4.

BASIC CONSTRUCTION

The metal oxide column is centered andrestrained in alignment with tightly wo-ven f iberglass f i lament strandsimpregnated with epoxy resin. The inter-stices between the stranding are filledwith a silicone dielectric material so thedesign is free of air and moisture. Theinside diameter of the housing is slightlysmaller than the outside diameter of thecylindrical element providing a snug fit.

For a typical 10kV rated arrester, the ba-sic polymer housing is only six incheslong — 50 to 60 percent shorter than theporcelain equivalent. Likewise, the ar-

resters are less than half the weight ofan equivalent porcelain housed arrester.This makes transportation, handling, andinstallation much easier.

Another significant advantage of the GETRANQUELL polymer arrester construc-tion is that fault withstand capability canbe maintained throughout the voltagerange. The fault current capability of por-celain housed arresters is reduced as thehousing lengthens.

The polymer housed arrester can be usedwith all standard mounting arms andbrackets. They come with all the neces-sary fasteners, isolators and terminal

attachments. A specially designed glass-filled polyester insulating arm extendsfrom the arrester to the NEMA crossarmbracket, eliminating the need for instal-lation of a metal clamping band aroundthe arrester. The insulating arm not onlyeliminates the rust and corrosion some-times encountered with a metal clampingband, but also has been treated with aninhibitor to resist ultraviolet damage.

GE’S POLYMER CONSTRUCTION provides excellent contamination performance that meets or exceedsANSI/IEEE contamination test requirements. The arrester housing is made of ESP silicone alloy weathershedmaterial that resists tracking from surface leakage currents. ESP’s excellent properties have been confirmedthrough a series of industry standard performance tests that include tracking resistance, contamination,

accelerated aging and seal integrity.

WHEN EXPOSED TO HIGH FAULT CURRENTS the epoxy/fiberglass wrapped modules either rupture orburn through to relieve internal pressure. The polymer housings then split to relieve the pressure.

POLYMER ARRESTERS are not susceptible to cracking or breaking like porcelain arresters, so the possbilityof damage from mishandling in packing, shipping and installation is virtually eliminated. The risk ofdamage from vandalism is also greatly reduced. The polymer housing material excels in tolerance toweather extremes from desert heat to artic cold, and resists damage from ultraviolet rays and ozone.Samples of the polymer have survived the equivalent of over 50 years of accelerated ultraviolet testing.

USING OPTIMUM CONNECTION METHODS for the arrester leads is important in reducing surgevoltage stress. Placing the ground connection of the transformer just under the crossarm where the arresterground leads meet the pole ground reduces surge voltage stress. Many pole mounted transformer installa-tions use arresters mounted on the crossarm. Such installations tend to have very long arrester leads thatincrease surge voltage stress on transformer windings. Arrester lead is the combined length of line andground lead wire in series with the arrester and in parallel with the protected device (transformer in thiscase).

THE POLYMER ARRESTERS ARE LESS THAN HALF THE WEIGHT of an equivalent porcelainarrester. This lighter weight makes transportation, handling and installation much easier. The basicpolymer housing is only 6 inches long for a typical 10kV rated arrester. The polymer housing is 50 to 60%shorter than the housing of an equivalent porcelain arrester.

Figure 12. TRANQUELL Polymer RiserPole Arrester

Figure 13. TRANQUELL PolymerHeavy-Duty Distribution Arrester



Note 1: These are recommended minimum clearances only and as such are not intended to take precedence over existingconstuction codes or specifications.

Note 2: 1 min. drying power withstand is not required by ANSI for 54 kv and above.

Rated Voltage MCOVMinimum2 x 50u

Withstand

kV kV inches mm Ib. kg in mm in mm in mm in. mm (kV crest) Wet (10 sec) Dry (1 min)

3 2.55 19.1 485 65 29.4 6.2 157 4.5 114 12 305 6 152 60 20 21

6 5.1 19.1 485 65 29.4 6.2 157 4.5 114 12 305 7 177 75 24 27

9 7.65 19.1 485 66 29.9 6.2 157 4.5 114 13 330 7 177 95 30 35

10 8.4 19.1 485 66 29.9 6.2 157 4.5 114 13 330 8 203 95 30 35

12 10.2 21.1 536 72 32.6 11.1 282 6.1 155 14 356 8.5 216 110 45 50

15 12.7 21.1 536 73 33 11.1 282 6.1 155 14 356 8.5 216 110 45 50

18 15.3 24.1 612 80 36.2 20 508 9.1 231 16 406 9 229 110 45 50

21 17.0 24.1 612 81 36.7 20 508 9.1 231 16 406 9 229 150 60 70

24 19.5 24.1 612 82 37 20 508 9.1 231 17 432 11 279 150 60 70

27 22.0 28.1 714 90 40.7 31.7 805 13.5 343 18 457 12 305 150 60 70

30 24.4 28.1 714 91 41.2 31.7 805 13.5 343 18 457 12 305 200 80 95

36 29.0 28.1 713.7 93 42.1 31.7 805 13.5 343 20 508 14 356 200 80 95

39 31.5 31.9 810 105 47.5 41 1041 17.25 438 21 533 14 356 250 100 120

45 36.5 31.9 810 107 48.4 41 1041 17.25 438 21 533 15 381 250 100 120

48 39 31.9 810 109 49.3 41 1041 17.25 438 22 559 15 381 250 100 120

54 42 38.1 968 180 81.4 60 1524 23.25 591 24 610 18 457 194 81 See Note 2

60 48 38.1 968 185 83.7 60 1524 23.25 591 25 635 19 483 221 91

66 53 44.1 1120 220 99.5 80 2032 29.5 749 26 660 20 508 262 108

72 57 50.6 1285 220 99.5 80 2032 29.5 749 26 660 20 508 262 108

90 74 50.6 1285 250 113.1 101 2565 36 914 33 838 27 686 337 139

96 76 50.6 1285 265 120 101 2565 36 914 37 940 31 787 348 144

108 84 57.1 1450 280 126.7 122 3099 42.5 1080 39 991 33 838 404 166

108 88 57.1 1450 285 129 122 3099 42.5 1080 39 991 33 838 404 166

120 98 57.1 1450 290 131 122 3099 42.5 1080 42 1067 36 914 448 190

132 106 76.6 1946 395 179 140 3556 52.75 1340 44 1118 38 965 486 205

144 115 82.6 2098 425 192 160 4064 59 1499 51 1295 46 1168 524 223

168 131 89.1 2263 465 210 181 4597 65.5 1664 59 1499 54 1372 598 253

172 140 89.1 2263 475 214.9 181 4597 52.5 1334 78 1981 59 1499 637 271

180 144 89.1 2263 480 217.2 181 4597 52.5 1334 83 2108 64 1626 658 278

192 152 96.1 2441 515 233.0 202 5131 60 1524 83 2108 67 1702 693 296

228 180 108.6 2758 590 267 244 6198 71 1803 92 2337 73 1854 821 348

240 194 108.6 2758 595 269.2 244 6198 71 1803 103 2617 85 2169 885 375

258 209 128.1 3254 700 316.7 262 6655 78.25 1988 111 2819 92 2337 952 424

264 212 133.6 3393 725 328.1 282 7163 84.5 2146 116 2946 96 2438 966 429

276 220 133.6 3393 730 330.3 282 7163 84.5 2146 120 3048 100 2540 1001 447

288 234 140.6 3571 775 350.7 303 7696 91.5 2324 128 3252 106 2702 1069 474

294 237 140.6 3571 786 355.7 303 7696 91.5 2324 130 3302 110 2794 1082 480

300 243 140.6 3571 790 357.5 303 7696 91.5 2324 130 3302 110 2794 1100 492

312 245 147.1 3736 800 362 324 8230 97.5 2477 130 3302 110 2794 1119 496

3 2.55 12 305 35 15.8 11.1 282 8.4 213 11 279 5.5 140 60 20 21

6 5.1 12 305 40 18.1 11.1 282 8.4 213 11 279 5.5 140 75 24 27

9 7.65 12 305 40 18.1 11.1 282 8.4 213 11 279 5.5 140 95 30 35

10 8.4 12 305 40 18.1 11.1 282 8.4 213 11 279 5.5 140 95 30 35

12 10.2 12 305 42 19.0 11.1 282 8.4 213 11 279 6.5 165 110 45 50

15 12.7 16.25 413 50 22.6 20 508 12.5 318 11 279 7.5 191 110 45 50

18 15.3 16.25 413 50 22.6 20 508 12.5 318 11 279 9 229 110 45 50

21 17 16.25 413 51 23.1 20 508 12.5 318 11 279 9 229 150 60 70

24 19.5 16.25 413 52 23.5 20 508 12.5 318 11 279 9 229 150 60 70

27 22 21 533 60 27 29 724 16.5 419 12 305 10 254 150 60 70

Minimum PowerFrequencyWithstand

(kVrms)

Mounting Clearance (1)

Porcelain Top Station Arrester

Phase toPhase

Phase toGround

"x" Overall

HeightWeight

LeakageDistance

Terminal toBase

Strike

Porcelain Metal Top Station Arrester

gGE Surge Arresters




Heavy Duty Distribution Arresters

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6.21.57.74.82.017.213.510.715.910.224.420.92

5.210.520.435.635.342.450.565.960.787.794.8010.031

0.80.615.225.328.820.531.249.444.652.360.172.48

5.90.915.420.627.034.830.645.946.162.968.670.29

0.010.020.620.829.230.141.945.258.569.370.282.89

5.010.125.725.928.434.340.257.556.962.878.680.401

0.110.220.030.235.830.845.755.160.775.680.690.511

0.310.620.535.738.346.454.569.966.784.892.9018.031

3.515.030.145.345.152.469.672.280.3017.5114.8218.351


detaR)Vk(egatloV

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ekirtS]mm[ni


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]2.302[8]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51

]4.066[62]4.066[62]4.066[62]4.066[62]8.0231[25]8.0231[25]8.0231[25]8.0231[25

]4.19[6.3]2.071[7.6]2.071[7.6]2.071[7.6]4.642[7.9]4.642[7.9]4.642[7.9]4.642[7.9]2.754[0.81]2.754[0.81]2.754[0.81]2.754[0.81

05575757521521521521061061061061

535454545656565609090909

525353535454545456565656






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55.201.556.704.82.017.213.510.715.910.224.420.92

]8.771[0.7]2.632[3.9]2.632[3.9]2.632[3.9]4.213[3.21]4.213[3.21]4.213[3.21]4.213[3.21]4.335[0.12]4.335[0.12]4.335[0.12]4.335[0.12

]2.302[0.8]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]6.576[6.62]6.576[6.62]6.576[6.62]6.576[6.62]8.0231[0.25]8.0231[0.25]8.0231[0.25]8.0231[0.25

]721[0.5]2.731[4.5]4.251[0.6]5.751[2.6]5.091[5.7]9.512[5.8]3.442[5.9]0.452[0.01]8.403[0.21]2.033[0.31]6.553[0.41]1.914[5.61

]2.67[0.3]4.68[4.3]6.101[0.4]7.601[2.4]7.931[5.5]1.561[5.6]5.091[5.7]2.302[0.8]0.452[0.01]4.972[0.11]8.403[0.21]3.863[5.41

]54.1[2.3]18.1[0.4]18.1[0.4]18.1[0.4]44.2[4.5]44.2[4.5]17.2[0.6]17.2[0.6]03.4[5.9]03.4[5.9]03.4[5.9]48.4[7.01

DIMENSIONS, LEAKAGE DISTANCES, MOUNTING CLEARANCES & WEIGHTS

Y = 4 in. [101.6mm] for 3-10kV6 in. [152.4mm] for 12-36kV

Figure 14. TRANQUELL Heavy-Duty Dis-tribution Arrester

Figure 15. TRANQUELL Heavy-Duty Dis-tribution Arrester Dimensions

gGE Surge Arresters


Riser Pole Arresters

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6.21.57.74.82.017.213.510.715.910.224.420.92

7.84.717.525.828.431.344.156.758.861.775.588.201

8.57.115.712.913.321.929.437.836.644.256.758.96

5.60.313.912.129.523.236.838.246.159.755.362.77

0.70.410.120.320.820.539.144.649.559.260.968.38

4.77.419.120.424.926.638.346.845.857.560.276.78

1.82.610.425.623.232.040.846.352.460.275.970.69

0.91.810.728.922.631.540.452.061.270.184.980.801

6.011.126.138.432.247.352.365.073.488.494.4016.621


detaR)Vk(egatloV

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ekirtS]mm[ni


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]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]5.3711[2.64]5.3711[2.64]5.3711[2.64]6.4651[6.16

]5.421[9.4]5.421[9.4]5.421[9.4]5.421[9.4]1.561[5.6]1.561[5.6]1.561[5.6]1.561[5.6]0.452[0.01]0.452[0.01]0.452[0.01]6.553[0.41

57575757031031031031081081081022

5454545407070707001001001031

5353535305050505080808001






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55.201.556.704.82.017.213.510.715.910.224.420.92

]2.632[3.9]2.632[3.9]2.632[3.9]2.632[3.9]4.373[7.41]4.373[7.41]4.373[7.41]4.373[7.41]5.015[1.02]5.015[1.02]5.015[1.02]2.546[4.52

]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]2.193[4.51]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]3.287[8.03]5.3711[2.64]5.3711[2.64]5.3711[2.64]6.4651[6.16

]0.721[0.5]2.731[4.5]4.251[0.6]0.061[3.6]7.002[9.7]1.622[9.8]5.152[9.9]2.462[4.01]0.513[4.21]2.043[4.31]6.553[0.41]8.134[0.71

]2.67[0.3]4.68[4.3]6.101[0.4]2.901[3.4]9.941[9.5]3.571[9.6]7.002[9.7]4.312[4.8]2.462[4.01]6.982[4.11]8.403[0.21]0.183[0.51

]21.2[7.4]21.2[7.4]21.2[7.4]21.2[7.4]38.3[5.8]38.3[5.8]38.3[5.8]38.3[5.8]34.5[0.21]34.5[0.21]34.5[0.21]89.6[5.51



Figure 16. TRANQUELL Riser Pole Ar-resters

Figure 17. TRANQUELL Riser Pole Di-mensions



Normal Duty Distribution Arresters

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6.21.57.74.82.017.213.510.715.910.224.420.92

5.210.525.330.630.055.850.760.370.295.0018.2010.431

5.80.710.320.420.430.040.640.940.360.960.270.29

8.95.910.620.720.935.540.250.555.170.870.180.401

3.015.020.825.920.145.840.650.065.670.485.880.211

0.110.220.065.130.440.250.060.460.280.085.490.021

3.215.420.330.630.945.750.660.375.090.990.8010.231

3.415.820.935.140.755.760.870.485.6010.7115.4210.651

5.810.735.050.350.475.780.1010.7010.8315.1510.9510.202


detaR)Vk(egatloV

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]231[2.5]231[2.5]231[2.5]231[2.5]271[8.6]271[8.6]271[8.6]271[8.6]162[3.01]162[3.01]162[3.01]363[3.41

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Figure 18. TRANQUELL Normal-Duty Ar-rester

Figure 19. TRANQUELL Normal-Duty Ar-rester Dimensions

gGE Surge Arresters


Special Applications of TRANQUELL Metal Oxide TechnologyIn some power system installations, spe-cial TRANQUELL® arresters are requiredto address the particular needs of the ap-plication. These requirements include highenergy capability, low protective levels, orunusual voltage stresses such as harmonicor dc voltages. GE has applied the uniquecapabilities of metal oxide disks in manysituations including series capacitors,HVDC converter stations, and transmis-sion lines.

SERIES CAPACITOR PROTECTION

A multiple column varistor consisting ofmetal oxide disks placed directly in paral-lel with a series capacitor can protect itagainst overvoltages resulting from faultson the system. In the GE series capacitorprotective system, the varistor diverts theline fault current around the capacitor fora predetermined number of cycles afterwhich time a bypass switch or triggeredgap will operate to limit the energy dissi-pation. For most faults, only the varistorwill conduct and the capacitors are rein-serted immediately following the faultgreatly promoting power system stabilityby maintaining continuous power flow.

HVDC TERMINALS

HVDC back-to-back, separated, andmultiterminal converter stations providea unique opportunity for the applicationof TRANQUELL surge arresters. Stableprotective characteristics and multiplecolumn arrester designs simplify the in-sulation coordination process on both theAC and DC systems.

In many cases, equipment insulation canbe reduced resulting in a reduction insize and cost of the terminal.TRANQUELL AC and DC surge arrest-ers can be applied to systems where awide variety of steady-state voltage wave-shapes are encountered. For example,bridge arresters are exposed to DC volt-ages with periodic polarity reversalswhile AC filter reactor arresters are ex-posed to power frequency and harmonicvoltages. GE has supplied the arrestersfor many HVDC converter stations world-wide.

HIGH ENERGY CIRCUITS

Individual series stacks of metal oxidedisks are carefully matched by GE to

achieve ideal energy sharing when many ofthese stacks are conducting in parallel.More than one column of metal oxide disksmay be placed in one porcelain housing.This provides a number of opportunitiesfor special arresters in circuits requiringcompact extra high energy dissipation ca-pability.

Special arresters and multiple parallelstack metal oxide varistors have applica-tions in various areas inside and outsidethe power industry. A list of such applica-tions follows:

• Shunt reactor neutral• HVDC breaker and current limiting

device• Subsynchronous resonance filters• Static VAR systems• High power laboratory test circuits• Fusion reactor coils• Transformer overexcitation• Voltage limitation during load rejec-

tion• Motor and generator protection dur-

ing transformer through faults• Internal transformer windings

References[1] Application Guide - TRANQUELL Station Surge Arresters, GET-6460.

[2] ANSI/IEEE C62. 11-1993 - Standard for Metal Oxide Surge Arresters for Alternating Current Power Circuits.

[3] International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 99-4(1991), "Part 4: Metal Oxide Surge Arresters Without Gaps for A.C. Systems".

[4] ANSI/IEEE C62.1 - 1989, Standard for Gapped Silicon-Carbide Surge Arresters for AC Power Circuits.

[5] ANSI/IEEE C62.2-19xx, Guide for the Application of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters for AC Systems.

[6] Electric Power Research Institute, "Transmission Line Reference Book, 345 kV and Above/Second Edition,"1982.

[7] ANSI C2-1984, National Electrical Safety Code.

[8] ANSI C29.9-1983, - American National Standard for Wet-process Porcelain Insulators - Apparatus, Post-type.

[9] ANSI C57.12.00-1980, General Requirements for Liquid-immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers.

[10] IEEE Working Group of the Lightning Protective Devices Sub-committee, Lightning Protection in Multi-line Stations, IEEETransactions, June 1968, pp 1514-1521.

[11] AIEE Working Group of the Lightning Protective Devices Sub-committee, Simplified Method for Determining Permissible Sepa-ration Between Arresters and Transformers, AIEE Transactions, Special Supplement, pp. 33-57, 1963.

[12]E.C. Sakshaug, J.S. Kresge, and S.A. Miske, Jr., "A New Concept in Station Arrester Design," IEEE Transactions on PowerApparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-96, No. 2, March/April 1977.

GE Arrestersg

1998 General Electric Corporation

For more info.....

GE Capacitor and Power Quality Products 381 Broadway Ft. Edward, NY 12828-1000 www.geindustrial.com/industrialsystems/products/capacitors.shtml

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