ARRB Transport Research

ARRB Transport Research

Annual Review 1995/96

CONTENTS

Chairman's Foreword 2

ARRB Transport Research 3

Highlights 5

Financial Performance 25

Directors & Members 29

Audit Committee 31

Publications 33

ARRB Transport Research Ltd

Melbourne Office 500 Burwood Highway

Vermont South

Victoria 3133

AUSTRALIA

Tel: (03) 9881 1555

Fax: (03) 9887 8104

Email: [email protected]

Internet: www.arrb.org.au

Perth Branch Office

Unit 5, 4 Brodie Hall Drive

PO Box 1055

Technology Park, Bentley

WA 6102

AUSTRALIA

Tel: (09) 472 5544

Fax: (09) 472 5533

Email: [email protected]

Internet: www.arrb.org.au

' ' RB TR ' • • ' A . ■

"The significant problems we face cannot be solved by the same level of thinking that created them"

Albert Einstein

cc 0

ce 0 Rod Payze

Transportation has played a vital role in the development of Australia. However, preserving the freedom of movement is the challenge of tomorrow. Doing so, but at the same time achieving environmentally sustainable transport must be an ultimate goal. This will require ingenuity, bold imagination and keen foresight.

To be a worthy cause for investment, transport research must be strategically focused on the long-term requirements of the community whilst responding to the tactical demands of transport system managers.

ARRB Transport Research has been positioning itself in recent years to ensure it maintains its leading role as a successful 'supplier' of transport R & D.

• The new name reflects a purposeful corporate initiative to diversify and expand our core research capabilities to meet a 'whole of transport' market.

• The internal structure has changed to achieve the necessary flexibility in resource deployment and skills development. New staff appointments in important new areas of corporate development and marketing are critical to the company's growth. Managing the company's products and services through project management techniques has provided the necessary internal controls.

• The organisation has striven for cultural change - the driving force being the need to be successful in a competitive environment and at the same time accommodate the changed accountability for delivery of research outputs.

• Venturing further into the international market with innovative products and commercially competitive services has resulted in continued financial benefits and growth potential.

The Board of Directors continue to pursue the most appropriate corporate model and a current review should yield a very constructive debate with the Members of our company. We will continue with our pursuit of ensuring that the company's outputs provide maximum value.

The challenge will undoubtedly be to break into the area of transport policy formulation and review by providing the knowledge to pursue the as yet undiscovered opportunities.

The Executive Director and all staff deserve commendation for another successful year of advancement.

Rod Payze CHAIRMAN

ANNUAL REVIEW 1995/96

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION We started the year with a new name, a new internal structure and the challenge to enhance our hard-earned reputation while surviving free of grants. The new name, ARRB Transport Research, better represented our growing diversity and reflected the desire to continue to expand our whole of 'transport' perspective. This change has been well accepted by our customers and reinforces our decision to cast aside the constraints of a solely `road' base.

The new internal structure was designed to increase flexibility in meeting client needs and reduce the constraints of subject area or discipline structures particularly in our research business. This has also been successful allowing a more efficient 'pooled' approach to be taken to use of resources. However it is clear that further changes in 1996/97 are necessary if the full potential of our staff is to be unlocked.

Over the last 12 months, new steps were taken to remove our dependence on grants and to place us on a commercial basis competing for contracts in the market place. As part of the move towards a more competitive environment for the supply of research, ARRB TR signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Austroads at the beginning of the 1995/96 financial year. This MOU recognises the role of Austroads as the national buyer of strategic research and in setting national R&D needs and priorities. It clearly separates the Austroads role as the purchaser from the ARRB TR role as a supplier.

ARRB IRAN PSRT RESEARCH

Marketing

PE

TE

R SM

YT

H

General Manager Corporate

O OC

—

>- 1.1.1

This separation has been extended for the 1996/97 year by the ARRB TR Member authorities providing funds for national strategic research to Austroads (instead of directly to ARRB TR as in the past). This has changed the accountabilities for delivery of research outputs, and put the strategic research program on the same commercial basis as the rest of ARRB TR's contract research work.

Our market has been broadened and we have won contracts in the rail and airport sectors. Another relatively new field has been the provision of expertise (as distinct from our established product merchandising program) in overseas countries. For example, we are undertaking a very large road safety strategic review project in China for the Asian Development Bank and we are soon to commence work on a joint project with Kinhill Engineers Ltd on a major road network assessment in Tamil Nadu State, India for the World Bank. We also ran a series of seminars on unsealed roads in New Zealand.

A new General Manager - Corporate was appointed in April with specific responsibility for enhancing our financial and commercial systems, our human resource services, and for corporate marketing activities that support our commercial goals. Improved marketing has been identified as crucial to our success. A specialist marketing expert has been appointed and a corporate marketing plan prepared. This allows a co-ordinated approach to marketing to be undertaken to extend the impact and reach of our communications.

By 30 June we could look back with some satisfaction over a year of achievement reflecting

• a more commercial approach to doing business, • an expansion in our customer base, • and a focus on delivery.

Yet our journey is not complete. We face our future with great anticipation, recognising and welcoming the challenge before us in achieving commercial sustainability while adding value to Australia's search for solutions to its transport problems.


CHAPTER 2

ARRB TR recently signed a Collaborative Research Agreement with Future Fibre Technologies and Remedial Engineering for the development of weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems based on fibre optic sensors.

The partnership will build on ARRB TR's weigh-in-motion expertise developed through extensive experience in pavement loading surveys and our successful WIM product range (Culway, EMU and HSEMU). Remedial Engineering will provide expertise in marketing preventative engineering measures while Future Fibre Technologies will contribute leading-edge developments in fibre optic sensors.

In April this year, Auslndustry made an Innovations Grant to the consortium to enable the results of the research to be carried through to full commercial development.

It is anticipated that the project will produce a low cost, robust traffic sensor that can be placed directly in road pavements or other trafficked surfaces. The availability of such a sensor could help provide a greater understanding of static and dynamic traffic loads and the damage they cause to different types of road pavements. Other possible applications include systems for weighing railway

rolling stock and the production of an inexpensive, enforcement level WIM linked to a camera to automate detection of overweight vehicles.

Initial results from the research were among the presentations at a national symposium on WIM hosted by ARRB Transport Research in May 1996. The symposium provided an overview of current WIM technology in Australia and was attended by more than 50 participants, encompassing industry, road authorities, academia, practitioners and researchers.

5 ARRB TRANSPORT RESEARCH

Landmark output in vehicle operating cost research

ARRB TR published a landmark research report during 1995/ 96 that provides improvements to Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) models used in Australia for economic evaluation of road projects.

The title of the report is Review & Enhancement of Vehicle Operating Cost models: assessment of non urban evaluation models (ARR 279). It provides a set of vehicle

operating cost prediction algorithms and parameter values that can be incorporated in the existing evaluation models for non-urban road projects. Adoption of these will

greatly increase the consistency and credibility of vehicle operating cost estimates.

An earlier study found substantial differences in the VOC predictions of models used by Australian road agencies. ARRB TR's report uses results of recent Australian and overseas studies to develop base values for VOC components against which existing algorithms were recalibrated. Where this was not feasible, or limited by data availability, algorithms were cross-calibrated using the most accurate or appropriate algorithm as a standard.


Best selling software

Since its first release in 1981, SIDRA software has developed into a well-integrated total intersection analysis package. It is designed to help practicing engineers and planners with the evaluation and design of signalised intersections, roundabouts, and intersections controlled by stop and yield signs.

SIDRA continued to be AKKB 1 K'S best-selling softwaie package with strong sales during 1995/96. It is used by about 600 organisations/sites in more than 40 countries, including 140 users in the USA and Canada, 250 hi Australia and New Zealand, and 50 in South Africa. Significantly, it has now established itself in the

US market and received favourable reviews in several US reports comparing intersection analysis software.

SIDRA 4.1 was released in Sep teinbei 1995. This V ti SlUll

introduced majoi inipioveinents to traffic models, especially for roundabouts, using the results of latest ARRB TR research. Highly successful SIDRA workshops and ii dining courses were given in Tucson, Arizona, USA (July 1995), Melbourne (October 1995) and Sydney (November 1995).

Work progressed with the new SIDRA 5.0 version for Windows, incorporating the results of new ARRB TR research on modelling vehicle-actuated signal performance, and the effects of platooned arrivals generated by coordinated signals (ARR 276). Three SIDRA workshops using SIDRA 5.0 were organised in the USA and funded by the Florida and North Carolina Departments of Transport.

Over the years, SIDRA has enjoyed strong support from Australian road transport and traffic authorities. The work during 1995/96 was funded by the Roads and Traffic Authority of New South Wales, Roads Corporation of Victoria (VicRoads), Department of Transport Queensland, Main Roads Western Australia, and the Department of Urban Services, Australian Capital Territory. Work will continue during 1996/97 towards the implementation of paired intersection modelling in SIDRA with data input in a full Windows environment.

ARRB TRAN P•RT RESEAR H

LLleaml Imo'

0 <

During 1995/96, ARRB TR conducted a Public Review of the rationale and practices of arterial road access management for the Victorian Parliamentary Roads and Ports Bills Committee.

Tools for access management can take the form of access controls, driveway controls, local carriageway widenings, intersection controls, turn controls, medians and openings, and traffic (including parking) management.

The review revealed that conventional assumptions about the roles of roads and desirable traffic conditions are coming under scrutiny, and that there are strong opinions against established practices among developers and some planners. This is particularly so as `traditional neighbourhood' design and permeable local networks become more widespread.

This questioning of established practice takes the form of a number of stated concerns such as:

• pedestrian security and the requirements of 'surveillance' of pedestrian spaces

• the land development cost implications of some of the techniques of segregation

• the trend towards 'permeable' local networks that increase minor junctions with arterials

• a questioning of the traffic basis of access management and a disputing of the assumption that road safety should be an overriding objective

• the desire to 'urbanise' the suburban built environment

• and attempts to bring about city-wide traffic calming by forcing integrated rather than segregated conditions on the arterial road system

The study showed ways in which the different perspectives might (and in some cases, cannot) be reconciled with traffic requirements and with each other. It concluded that access management practice in general has not been misguided but there could be greater awareness of the planning origins and context of access management, more flexible approaches to find design solutions that help to reconcile different objectives, and more preparedness to accommodate evolutionary changes in urban development practice. Improving the factual basis of current practices and requirements, especially the safety and road efficiency benefits, was found to be a necessity.

The outcome was that two different policy directions were offered:

• to continue with (improved) practices based on separation of arterial traffic from local activities

• or to move towards greater integration of traffic into urban activities, in response to urban design and 'traffic calming' trends.

An approach based on Access Management Categories administered by the local planning authority, supported by documentation covering engineering design of access management measures and the amenity and urban design of adjacent development, was recommended.


Biodiversity conservation on roadsides and in adjacent areas

ARRB TR is developing a cooperative National Protocol System to assist stakeholders to manage their biodiversity conservation responsibilities. During 1995/96, the system was presented at a single day workshop in Brisbane and a two day workshop in Hobart.

The conservation of biodiversity, although a responsibility of road authorities, cannot be executed by them without cooperation from the numerous other authorities, groups and individuals involved. Therefore, formal cooperative arrangements between the various parties (including the road authorities) are seen as being an important step towards biodiversity conservation. Full participation

in the National Protocol System will not only demonstrate an intention (to maintain biodiversity) but will also become the management system that effectively pulls stakeholders together to achieve biodiversity conservation in the long term.

The National Protocol System is a comprehensive management process which requires a widespread training program if it is to be understood and effective. The task of explaining and developing the National Protocol System, with the thousands of stakeholders involved, is enormous and commercial assistance will be necessary if the system is to become effective within a reasonable time.

The rate at which biodiversity loss is occurring makes the development of a comprehensive, reliable, formalised co-operative system essential. Short-term alternatives without full stakeholder commitment on a formal basis are unreliable for long term biodiversity maintenance. They divert resources from the much harder task of developing reliable long-term co-operative, science-based systems.

In 1996/7, the National Protocol System will be further developed and presented to stakeholders through workshops and meetings. Current working documents describing the system and legal responsibilities will be published.

9 ARRB TRAN PORT RESEARCH

mpg°

Pavement technology research is a major part of the Austroads National Strategic Research Program.

Some of the key projects undertaken in 1995/96 are summarised on pages 10-12.

REVISION OF AUSTROADS PAVEMENT DESIGN GUIDE

Maximum efficiency in design for new pavements and for rehabilitation of existing pavements can be achieved only if the results of new research into pavement materials and performance are incorporated into design procedures. In 1995/96, latest developments were incorporated in three areas of the Austroads Pavement Design Guide:

• reliability concepts in the design of new pavements

• improved characterisation of asphalt

• extension of design procedures to cater for lightly trafficked roads and streets

ARRB TR also began work on a project to update the traffic estimation chapter of the design guide. Recent traffic loading surveys in Australia have indicated significant differences between actual loadings and estimations based on the current guidelines. This project is making use of data from over 100 CULWAY sites and other weigh-in-motion systems to enable users of the Guide to develop traffic loading estimates appropriate to the present day.

In addition, ARRB TR started a project in 1995/96 that will provide the basis for work in 1996/97 aimed at clarifying the choice between competing procedures for overlay design to be included in the guide. A significant portion of the $2 billion annual national expenditure on road rehabilitation goes to structural overlays using either asphalt or granular materials. It is therefore vital that the design procedures for such overlays are economically efficient.


IMPROVED AXLE DETECTION

This project has produced a significantly improved axle detection signal conditioner for existing axle detector installations. Resultant improvements in the accuracy of traffic classifiers and weigh-in-motion equipment will provide a better basis for decisions related to road investments and regional traffic growth predictions.

LONG TERM PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE

The weakest element of current Pavement Management Systems is the prediction of long term pavement performance (LTPP). The data being assembled from US Strategic Highway Research Program LTPP trials and ARRB TR's Accelerated Loading Facility (ALF) LTPP trials will improve our understanding of pavement performance. This will lead to cost savings and more appropriate construction and rehabilitation practices. In addition, the ALF trials indicate that accelerated loading provides accurate predictions of load-related LTPP and insights into allowances which could be made in LTPP predictions for environment and ageing - effects which are not accelerated in ALF trials.

SEAL DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION

Sprayed seal surfacings form the largest proportion of sealed surfaces in the Australian road network. Although Australian sprayed seal technology is considered to be the best in the world, many of these surfacings are showing high levels of distress due to increased traffic volumes, higher tyre pressures and other factors.

Austroads is developing an improved seal design procedure to address these problems. In 1995/96, ARRB TR continued to contribute to this project as part of the Austroads team evaluating the procedure against data gathered from 50 Australian trial sections. ARRB TR is also involved in a long term monitoring study of these trial sections to provide information on their long term performance for improved seal management.

''RB • , . .

POLYMER MODIFIED BINDERS

The measurement of road pavement condition has occurred from the very early days of Australian road building. However, there have been inconsistencies between the States and Territories.

In 1995/96, ARRB TR completed a study investigating the issue of national uniformity in road pavement condition data. The purpose of this study was not simply to recommend a common method for pavement data measurement, but to define a fundamental physical property that represents the desired pavement condition.

The pavement condition data items recommended are:

• Pavement surface shape - the longitudinal and transverse profiles of the pavement surface

• Pavement waterproofing - the prevention of ingress of water into the pavement structure through the surface, sides and/or subsurface

• Pavement surface treatment - the micro and macrotexture of the pavement surface

• Pavement strength - the ability of a pavement to resist the loads that are applied to it, encompassing the number of axle load repetitions that can pass over the pavement without causing failure

• Pavement stiffness - the resistance of a pavement structure to deflection

The recommendations are under consideration by the States and Territories. It is anticipated that follow up work will be undertaken to demonstrate how the majority of these pavement deflection condition items can be measured and used.

Polymer modified bituminous binders (PMBs) have been found to give improved performance relative to unmodified binders. Three projects undertaken in 1995/96 investigated different aspects of PMBs. The first project indicated little difference in properties when PMBs are deposited as emulsions, as opposed to being hot sprayed. The second suggested that beneficial PMB properties may diminish with long term pavement service but that they would still remain superior to unmodified bitumens. The third project produced rut resistance data for typical PMB asphalts and has provided valuable inputs to the development of Austroads PMB specifications.

NATIONAL UNIFORMITY IN ROAD PAVEMENT CONDITION DATA DEFINITION


ARRB TR has been exporting technology and expertise to the People's Republic of China (PRC) for over 10 years. During this period, important relationships have been developed that help ensure that the PRC increasingly looks towards Australia for new road and transport technology.

Our key relationship is with our sister organisation, the Research Institute of Highways (RIOH). RIOH is a division under the Chinese Ministry of Communications. It has extensive laboratory and administrative facilities in Beijing and leas tecenLly opened a $40 million test track facility 30 km outside the city.

RION CELEBRATIONS

On 18 June 1996, RIOH celebrated its 40th Anniversary with an impressive birthday celebration at the Media Centre in Beijing.

Mr Liu (Director of RIOH) and over 400 of the Institute's staff attended the ceremony. ARRB TR's Dr Ian Johnston (Executive Director) and Mr Fred Clerk (General Manager - Advanced Technology) were RIOH's guests at the celebrations, acknowledging the special relationship that has been built up between the two organisations

Speeches were presented by the PRC Vice Minister for Communications and the Heads of several provincial research institutes. Dr Johnston presented RIOH with a special plaque commemorating the Institute's anniversary and the bonds between the two organisations.

PRC BUSINESS AGENT

As the PRC moves towards commercialisation, RIOH has set up a business unit lu develop And pi:uni,..,te new tech nologies. The iinit also acts as ARRB TR's business agent. It handles our marketing and sales for the PRC and and has a showroom in Beijing where our products are on display.

HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE SAFETY PROJECT

In 1995/96, ARRB TR commenced a project for the Asian Development Bank to develop a Road Safety Program in Heilungjiang Province. The problem of road safety has emerged as a major issue in the PRC transport system and it is envisaged that the Heilongjiang Road Safety Program could become a model for the rest of the PRC.

The project has reviewed the data systems and organisational structures used to address current safety problems in Heilongjiang. Two Model Road Safety Cities have been selected and a number of action plans developed to address the engineering, enforcement and education aspects of the major road safety problems.

A report on the project will be presented to the World Bank and Province Road Safety Officials in Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang, in 1996/97.

ARRB TRANSPORT RESEARCH

Pavement life-cycle costing model development

During 1995/96, ARRB TR continued development of a pavement life-cycle costing model as an analytical tool for asset management. ARRB TR initially developed the model for the National Road Transport Commission's strategic assessment of the annual road agency expenditures required for Australia's arterial road network.

To ensure agency costs are economically efficient, pavement life-cycle costing can be applied to a number of the asset management activities associated with roads, such as selecting the most economic road construction project option and establishing maintenance and rehabilitation strategies and expenditures at the network level.

The model is based on ARRB TR's pavement prediction modelling work (see reports ARRs 255, 282 and 283) and user costs estimation (ARR 279) for Australian conditions. Optimisation of the model's life-cycle costs is based on a genetic algorithm (EVOLVER) which is a state-of-the-art approach. Further refinements include construction expenditure associated with traffic growth and asset replacement to cover most agency costs.

The ARRB TR pavement life-cycle costing model can be used to do the following:

• estimate annual maintenance and rehabilitation expenditures at network level

• allocate these expenditures to the types of roads that comprise the network

• establish appropriate maintenance intervention levels and rehabilitation strategies when budget constraints, resource limitations and pavement conditions are considered

Pavement life-cycle costing needs an accurate prediction of what happens to roads from initial construction to the end of their life. Pavement performance prediction is usually in terms of road roughness, a general assessment of road condition. It is necessary to predict roughness (and strength) deterioration due to maintenance and no maintenance, and roughness (and strength) improvements due to rehabilitation. Poor estimates of pavement deterioration during the pavement life-cycle can lead to erroneous predictions. A sound pavement performance prediction model is therefore an essential part of pavement life-cycle costing.

Further detailed research is planned to improve pavement performance prediction with AUSTROADS sponsorship in 1996/97. A detailed parametric study on the influence that pavement performance has on pavement life-cycle costing is also being conducted with AUSTROADS sponsorship in 1996/97.


POWERFUL VEHICLE MODELLING AND SIMULATION SOFTWARE

ARRB TR installed the PARADYME/BAMMS software package from The Netherlands' TNO Road-Vehicles Research Institute in November 1995. This multi-body modelling environment provides a powerful tool to assess the performance of heavy vehicles.

During 1995/96, ARRB TR developed a library of modules that enables vehicles to be modelled quickly. A suite of routines that allows performance characteristics to be simulated for the modelled vehicle has also been developed and full-scale tests to validate the modelling modules have been conducted.

ROUTE ACCESS GUIDELINES

ARRB TR has made significant progress in the development of guidelines for combination vehicles to access the road network. During 1995/96, a series of full-scale tests was conducted to obtain data on the characteristics of five combination vehicles. Computer models and simulations using measured road profiles as inputs were also developed. Further tests are being conducted to provide validation of the computer models. Possible criteria for assessing candidate vehicles have been proposed and will be tested when further road data has been obtained.

During 1995/96, ARRB TR was contracted by the National Road Transport Commission to determine the stability of vehicles that exceed the current maximum height limit of 4.3 meters. This work showed that certain vehicles loaded with low density goods have stability characteristics better than some 'standard' vehicles at maximum axle loads, loaded to the current maximum height limit. A simple method of screening the stability of high vehicles was also proposed.

STABILITY OF HIGH VEHICLES

15 ARRB TRANSPORT • ESEAR H

During 1995/96, work was conducted on seven Accelerated Loading Facility (ALF) trials.

The final report was prepared for the extensive series of trials conducted at Beerburrum, Queensland on the performance of fine-grained marginal materials, axle load equivalency and bitumen/cement-stabilised crushed rock. The most significant impact of the trial related to the reduced depths of Winton sandstone pavements now being adopted by Queensland Main Roads. This translates to total project cost savings of approximately 15% with no reduced performance characteristics anticipated.

Another project conducted at Beerburrum was the evaluation of the relative rut-resistant properties of a range of asphalt mixes. Testing was conducted for Austroads and members of the asphalt industry (Shell, Mobil and BP Australia). A major component of the trial was the comparison of the observed field performance under ALF and laboratory predictions. The successful completion of this trial represented a major co-operative research effort between ARRB TR, Austroads, AAPA, the asphalt industry and Brisbane City Council, with some involvement by the University of California. There were a number of major findings arising from this trial that should have a significant influence on future practice, both from the point of view of material specification and the use of innovative asphalt mixes.

Another major trial was conducted under contract to Pacific Power at the Eraring Power Station near Newcastle, New South Wales. This trial evaluated the suitability of stabilised flyash as a road pavement material. Analysis of the data collected under ALF testing allowed `crushing' life performance relationships to be estimated and interim design charts for thick (>200 mm) cement-stabilised flyash to be derived. It was recommended that these charts be revised as additional field performance data become available.

The use of pavement rehabilitation treatments and materials has been increasing in Australia but no guidelines are as yet provided in the

Austroads Pavement Design Guide for the most appropriate use of these treatments. A major trial beginning in March 1996 evaluated the performance of a marginal material stabilised in situ with bitumen/cement and slag/lime blends. This trial is being conducted at a new site established at a Vicroads Depot in Dandenong, a suburb of Melbourne. Associated with this testing is a comparison of the performance of the unstabilised marginal material with that of a crushed rock. An associated laboratory testing program is also being undertaken with substantial support from the Department of Transport, South Australia, and the University of South Australia. Work will continue into 1996/97.

Planning is also under way for an evaluation of the fatigue properties of asphalt, also to be conducted at the Dandenong site. The mixes to be tested have been selected and the construction of the pavements has commenced. Testing will begin early in 1996/97.

The feasibility of conducting an ALF trial of the performance of rigid pavements was also examined under the auspices of an Austroads Working Group comprising members of ARRB TR, Austroads, the Cement and Concrete Association of Australia and private industry

The final summary report of the trial conducted at Callington, South Australia, was also produced. This report summarised the previous reports and included aspects of the study not previously reported.

The first stage comparative analysis of the ALF-Long Term Pavement Performance study was undertaken in 1995/96. The study aims to verify the fundamental purpose of ALF: its ability, using accelerated loading, to predict the behaviour of a pavement structure. The analysis showed that ALF has been able to predict behaviour with regard to traffic loading effects but care must be taken when analysing the effects of environment and age, given that ALF does not accelerate these effects.


a

;sr,131:m51: ,

The use of crumbed rubber from waste tyres in asphalt is not new. It has been trialed since the 1960s when the city engineer of Phoenix, Arizona added particulate tyre rubber to bituminous binders to improve their elasticity. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence in interest, both in Australia and overseas, in the use of crumbed rubber in road construction.

In 1995/96, the Recycling and Resource Recovery Council of Victoria (RRRC) commissioned ARRB TR to review current research and industry practice on the use of rubber from waste tyres in roadworks. The study concluded that there was substantial evidence that the incorporation of crumbed rubber in asphalt could provide enhanced properties.

Following this favourable result, a research strategy was developed and funding sought. Austroads, RRRC and the NSW Environment Protection Agency (NSW EPA) are providing funding for the first stage of the strategy to be implemented in 1996/97. There has also been considerable interest in the project from other State environment agencies and from a number of State transport authorities.

The research will define the properties of crumbed rubber needed to give asphalt mixes improved fatigue resistant properties. Other technical aspects to be examined include measuring the properties of currently available crumbed rubber products, laboratory assessment of the properties of crumbed rubber modified (CRM) binders and asphalts, and field validation trials. Extension of the project beyond this first stage will depend on the findings and the likelihood of obtaining additional funding.

While the use of crumbed rubber in asphalt will not totally solve the problems associated with responsibly disposing of waste tyres, it should provide another opportunity for converting waste materials into a valuable resource.

17 ARRB IRAN PORT RESEAR H

::641:114i

ARRB TR is to provide specialist input to a World Bank project involving assessment of the major road network of Tamil Nadu State, India, and rehabilitation or reconstruction of a significant proportion of the network. During 1995/96, ARRB was party to a successful bid submitted by Kinhill Engineers Ltd for the first stage of a two-stage project to be carried out over the next three to four years.

The first stage of the work will involve initial screening of over 3000 km of the Tamil Nadu State Highway network to identify sections for which rehabilitation or reconstruction would be most likely to produce worthwhile economic benefits. Feasibility studies will be carried out for the identified sections (expected to total some 1500 km) and detailed design will be prepared for reconstruction of the sections deemed most urgently in need (perhaps 350-400 km).

Associated with this mainstream work will be two areas of services aimed at improved management of the road system:

• introduction and promotion of improved standards, specifications and practices for road design and construction

• provision of recommendations for development of the existing pavement management system into a full road management system for the State's roads.

The second stage, to be let at a later date, will involve construction of the 350-400 km of road for which detailed designs were undertaken in the first stage. The design and subsequent construction of the remaining 1100-1200 km justified by feasibility studies in the first stage will also be undertaken.

ARRB TR is to provide expertise in several areas. Jon Roberts will use his background in developing country aid projects to lead the pavement design tasks and Dr Ahmed Auff will bring his knowledge of construction quality management to bear on the improvement of specifications and practices for design and construction. ARRB TR has contracted Dr Chris Bennett of Highway Traffic Consultants Ltd, an expert in the World Bank HDMIII and HDM4 models, to conduct the feasibility studies. He will also advise on the potential for development of the Tamil Nadu State's present pavement management system into a full road management system.


USING COMPUTERS TO SET SPEED LIMITS

ARRB TR has been involved in the development of computer programs to assist in setting speed limits since the late 1980s At this time ARRB TR researchers addressed the need for an objective method of setting speed limits by developing a computer based question and answer system that took account of the physical characteristics of the road.

As road authorities devolve responsibility for the setting of speed limits to a regional or local level, the computer based advisor has enabled some consistency to be maintained between jurisdictions. The advisor also allows road authorities to maintain some control over the appropriate limits to be set.

The first advisor program was developed for Vicroads. Since then similar programs have been developed for the road authorities in Queensland and New South Wales using the rules and guidelines in use in these States. A program for Western Australia is also under development. In 1995/96, the first off-shore speed limit program development was undertaken for New Zealand and interest has also been shown by authorities in Canada and the UK.

ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (ESD)

The development and release of a number of key Austroads strategies now provides a framework for ARRB TR's ESD programs. These include the Austroads Strategic Plan 1995-1998, the Austroads Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) Strategy 1995 and the Austroads Environmental Strategy 1994.

Research at ARRB TR in 1995/96 built on previous development of methods for ESD analysis. A paper scoping the issues relevant to transport authorities in moving from the now enshrined ESD policy to sustainable practice was prepared. The paper outlines approaches which could be adopted to facilitate ESD and provides details of tools and techniques.

Also during 1995/96, ARRB TR began developing a Resource Use Analysis method enabling comparison between transport modes for specific tasks. Their relative resource consumption and associated external effects on the environment will be measured. The intention of this work is to assist transport practitioners in the implementation of ESD principles.

ARRB TR. N • • •T RE E

()CI

laMk

0

z

ARRB TR is involved in a wide range of technology transfer activities for individuals and organisations throughout Australia and in many overseas countries. Many of these activities are undertaken on a 'user pays' basis. The remainder are jointly funded as National Interest Services by our member organisations. Some of the projects undertaken during 1995/96 are summarised below (also sec the following section on Local Roads).

INFORMATION RESOURCE

ARRB TR continues to play an active role in the World Interchange Network (WIN). In September, Andrew Pentecost was elected to represent Australia and New Zealand on the international Board of Directors. The expansion of WIN world-wide is having a major impact on improving communication between those with information needs and those with expertise.

Other activities for 1995/96 include:

• 3400 requests for loans or photocopies - local government and the private sector were the heaviest users of the service

• the ROAD literature database now has over 104,000 records of publications following inclusion of records from the libraries of motoring organisations, Australian and NZ road and traffic authorities, and road safety research organisations

• a database of over 2000 research projects is maintained for access by researchers.

PUBLICATIONS

During 1995/96, ARRB TR produced and distributed over 3000 copies of research reports, 4800 quarterly journals and 8600 copies of the quarterly information magazine `Briefing'.

PROVISION OF EXPERTISE

ARRB TR provided expert staff for over 60 Austroads committees, over 20 Standards Australia committees and over 50 other Australian and international committees. At least 2000 answers were provided to enquiries for information, mainly from the private sector. ARRB TR also hosted hundreds of visitors from Australia and overseas for technical inspections and information sessions.


ARRB TR has an active research and technology transfer program specifically tailored to the needs of Local Government, and practitioners and associated industries involved in local roads. Some of the local roads projects undertaken in 1995/96 are summarised below.

RESPONSIBILITIES FOR LOCAL ROADS

The purpose of this project for Austroads was to document the current roles, functions and management responsibilities of local roads in each State or Territory. The second stage of the project was completed, with suggested actions on how to bring about greater consistency between the States/Territories.

REVIEW OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DUST SUPPRESSANTS

This study is reviewing the effectiveness of various dust suppressants currently on the market. This is based on a world- wide literature search and a survey of municipal councils and other users in Australia and New Zealand to find what experiences they have had with the use of dust suppressants. By June 1996, the study was well advanced and a final report is expected in September 1996.

TRIAL OF STORED VALUE CARDS (SVC) FOR PARKING METERS

In late 1995/96, agreement was obtained for a trial of SVCs at the Gold Coast City Council. ARRB TR, on behalf of various Councils and other organisations, will be conducting a 'before and after' study in 1996/97 to evaluate the effectiveness of this new technology and community response to the use of SVC for paid parking purposes. The results of the trial should be available mid 1997.

ARR IRAN ' *KT RE EA' '

Guidelines to Good Prod forlite-Gmshrtion, Mointenoixe and

halloo of Pavements

A Highly Commended Award at the annual Excellence Awards of the Institution of Engineers Australia (Vic. Division)

PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT

The first phase of this contract study for the National Road Transport Commission was completed and involved reporting on the current status of various projects under way to improve the roading performance of Local Government. A literature survey found that there is little information published in Australia or overseas on benchmarking and performance indicators relating specifically to local roads.

INFORMATION DISSEMINATION

ARRB TR's Unsealed Roads Manual (released in August 1995) received a Highly Commended Award at the annual Excellence Awards of the Institution of Engineers Australia (Vic. Division).

In 1995/96, ARRB TR released the Sealed Local Roads Manual, a companion volume to the Unsealed Roads Manual. A complimentary copy of this Manual was provided to each of the 780 municipal councils throughout Australia and a further 600 copies have sold.

Other activities for 1995/96 include:

• over 320 subscriptions to the ARRB TR's Local Roads Information package were sold, most to municipal councils from Australia and New Zealand

• more than 40 seminars were held in all States on topics including Developments in Paid Parking Technologies, Unsealed Roads, Sealed Local Roads and Road Safety

• presentations were given at seminars in Australia, India, Malaysia and New Zealand on technological change, management of sealed and unsealed roads, local roads research, new technologies and becoming more competitive.

• participation on the new Local Government Roads and Transport Forum (which has replaced the ARRB National Local Roads Committee.


PROFILERS The ARRB TR Walking Profiler and Multi-Laser Profilers continued to attract strong interest and sales in 1995/96. A new Two Laser Profiler was developed during the year for high-speed, network level roughness measurement. It has already been purchased by several State road authorities. The fully portable, towbar mounted system provides International Roughness Index (IRI) and Australian NAASRA roughness index measurements.

ARRB TR's Profilers are increasingly being used for quality testing on newly constructed pavements. With the introduction of contract quality assurance this is an area of future growth. Profilers are also being used in research projects to assess pavement performance. This information will aid in the future selection of the best pavements available.

SURVEYS During 1995/96, ARRB TR Multi-Laser Profilers surveyed over 40,000 lane km of roads in Australia, including the networks of 7 local councils. Over 20,000 lane km were surveyed in New Zealand. The information collected is used to assess road roughness, rutting and texture for asset management systems.

Sales of ARRB TR products increased by 72% during 1995/96. Exports accounted for 50% of total sales and a US distributor was established during the year.

'R: RAN NIRT RE EA' '

HIGH SPEED EMU During 1995/96, ARRB TR supplied and installed a High Speed EMU weigh-in-motion system for RTA NSW's Mt Boyce Heavy Vehicle Checking Station in the Blue Mountains outside Sydney. RTA also has plans to install a further two High Speed EMU systems at its Marulan checking station near Goulburn.


Transport Infrastructure 14%

Advanced Technology 29%

Technology Transfer 14%

CHAPTER 3

Year Ended 30 June 1996

OPERATING PERFORMANCE

A best-ever operating performance was recorded for the year to 30 June, with the operating income target being surpassed by over 5% and our operating surplus target exceeded by just over 40%.

The growth in income and in operating surplus over the 1995 result has been substantial, with the rate of increase in operating income exceeding our rate of cost increase.

A healthy operating surplus has seen significant re-investment in research and development expenditure to ensure the longer term effectiveness of ARRB TR, with over $300,000 being invested in the continued development of the Walking Profiler and laser based survey technology.

< V z z < < z

O LL

5'000

1995 % change

11,545 + 14.9%

11,015 + 13.4%

530 + 47.7%

Summary Operating Performance

1996

Total Operating Income 13,269

Cost of Producing Income including Overhead Costs 12,486

Operating Surplus 783

Source of Operating Income 1995/96

Transport Operations 27%

A B R tal A 1:1 *if:nal: I

Summary Balance Sheet Information

1996

$'000

1995 % change

Current Assets 7,713 9,331 - 17.3%

Non Current Assets 5,648 5,894 - 4.2%

Total Assets 13,361 15,225 - 12.2%

Current Liabilities 3,722 6,145 - 39.4%

Non Current Liabilities 208 146 + 42.5%

Total Liabilities 3,930 6,291 - 37.5%

Net Assets 9,431 8,934 + 5.6%

Members' Funds

Reserves 1,485 2,840 - 47.7%

Retained Surpluses 7,946 6,094 + 30.3%

Total Members' Funds 9,431 8,934 + 5.6%


During June 1996, a valuation of the property held at Vermont South was conducted and has resulted in an asset write-down of approximately $600,000 for ARRB Transport Research.

Some of the reserves that had been previously established for asset maintenance and replacement have been cleared and their value transferred to Retained Surpluses during the course of the financial year.

ARRB Transport Research remains a company clear of any long-term debt, and maintains a strong balance sheet position.

Key Balance Sheet Indicators

Indicator Calculation 1996 1995

Current Ratio Current Assets / 2.07 1.52 Current Liabilities

Liquid Ratio Current Assets less Inventories / Current Liabilities less Bank Overdraft 1.75 1.39

Proprietorship Ratio Members' Funds / 0.71 0.59 Total Assets


As at 30 June 1996

Rod Payze CHAIRMAN

Neil Aplin Chris Thorpe

Neil Doyle Brian Hickman

Robert Hogarth Ian Johnston


During 1995/96, Colin Jordan was elected Chairman of Austroads and retired as a Director of ARRB Transport Research. The resulting vacancy and an existing Member vacancy were filled by Neil Aplin and Neil Doyle. Neil Aplin is Secretary of the Transport Department in Tasmania, and has recently completed a term as the Chief Executive of the National Road Transport Commission. Neil Doyle has been the ARRB Transport Research Member representative for Queensland for some time and brings a strong economic management expertise to the Board.

John Laurie finished his term as an appointed Member Director at the AGM and was replaced by Bob Hogarth. Bob has extensive experience in commercialisation activities, particularly offshore in Asia and North America, and brings additional breadth to the Board's expertise.

We would like to thank John for his invaluable contribution to the commercialisation process of transforming the Australian Road Research Board into ARRB Transport Research Ltd.

Also during the year, Cr Rob Rowell replaced Cr George Bennett as the representative of the ALGA, Mr Paul Tyrrell replaced Mr Barry Chambers as the Northern Territory representative, Mr Max Moore-Wilton resigned as Chief Executive of the Roads and Traffic Authority of New South Wales which is now represented by Ms Kerrie Kelly, Director of the Corporate Secretariat, and Mr Tony Wilson was replaced as Tasmania's representative by Neil Aplin. We would like to thank all retiring representatives for their contributions to the company, particularly Tony Wilson who served on the Board's Audit Committee.

A'R: '41 Pill '

4:1 ''„LJ

DIRECTORS R.J. Payze (Chairman)

C.N. Thorpe (Deputy Chairman)

W.N. Aplin

N.A. Doyle

B.S. Hickman

R.R. Hogarth '-)

I.R. Johnston (Ex-Officio)

OTHER MEMBER REPRESENTATIVES

Mr C.N. Jordan Chief Executive, VicRoads

Ms K. Kelly Director Corporate Secretariat, Roads & Traffic Authority of NSW

Dr K. Michael Commissioner of Main Roads, Western Australia

Ms R Read Director, ACT City Services Group, Department of Urban Services

Cr R. Rowell Representing the Australian Local Government Association

Mr P. Tyrrell Secretary, Department of Transport & Works, NT

Elected at AGM November 1995 Appointed December 1995 to replace J.B. Laurie on his retirement


The ARRB Transport Research Board has continued to operate an Audit Sub-Committee to advise on matters relating to financial management, organisational efficiency and effectiveness.

During 1995/96 special audits were conducted in the following areas as part of the rolling 5-year audit plan:

• banking facilities and activity

• investment income and rate of return

• contract expenditure, purchasing and accounts payable

• property valuation

• foreign exchange risk management

CHAPTER 5

CC

0 V

The process of the audit program continues to provide the Board and management with valuable information upon which to critically review internal systems and take necessary steps to improve on current practices.

At the date of this report, the Committee is continuing to review and develop policy in the following areas, recognising the

changing business environment:

• foreign exchange risk and policy

• capital investment strategy

• treasury policy and management

In the lead up to the end of the 1995/96 year, the Committee reviewed and sanctioned changes in the organisation's internal reporting systems. The changes take effect from 1 July 1996 and are designed to meet the current information requirements of the Board, management and project personnel.

The organisation has continued to benefit from the Audit Committee and the input from its members. It currently comprises: Dr Brian Hickman (Chairman) and Mr Robert Hogarth who are ARRB Transport Research non-Member Directors; Mr Doug Thompson of VicRoads representing Members; and Dr Ian Johnston, Executive Director of ARRB Transport Research.

The company's external auditors Mann Judd act as advisers. ARRB Transport Research's Company Secretary also acts as an adviser and carries out the function of secretary to the Committee.

continued commercialisation of ARRB Transport Research and the

ARRB TRAN PORT RESEARCH


CHAPTER 6

ASSET MANAGEMENT

Publications LINARD, K., MARTIN, T.C. and THORESEN, T. (1996). A Pavement Life-Cycle Optimisation Procedure/Pavement Life-Cycle Costing Optimisation Computer Package. Draft Contract Report CR TE 821. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

MARTIN, T.C. (1995). A Review of Existing Pavement Performance Relationships. Working Document WD TI 95/023. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

McLEAN, J.R. (1995). Relationship Between Road System Performance and Asset Features and Condition. Working Document WD AM 95/012. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

Unpublished Presentations 0 RAMSAY, E.D., McLEAN, J.R., HEYWOOD, R.J. and KARAGANIA, R. (1996). Road roughness and infrastructure damage based standards. Fourth Vehicle Infrastructure Interaction Conference, June 2-7, 1996, San Diego, USA.

McLEAN, J.R. (1996). Accidents and Cross Section Elements Including Roadside. Working Document WD AM 95/021. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

MARTIN, T. (1995). Life-cycle costing - ARRB research. Load-Pavement Interaction Workshop, 1995, Newcastle, NSW, Paper 5. (Roads and Traffic Authority. Technology Strategy Branch: Sydney).

MARTIN, T.C. (1996). Calibration of the NIMPAC Pavement Performance Model. Working Document WD TI 96/006. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

MARTIN, T.C. and CROPLEY, S.M. (1996). A Parametric Study of the Influence of Pavement Performance on Life-Cycle Costing. Working Document WD TI 96/019. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

MARTIN, T.C. and RAMSAY, E. (1995). Rural Pavement Improvement Prediction Due to Rehabilitation. Working Document WD TI 95/024. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

MARTIN, T.C. and THORESEN, T. (1995). Assessment of Existing Pavement Life-Cycle Costing Optimisation Procedures. Contract Report CR TE 821. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

MARTIN, T.C., SHARP, K.G., JAMESON, G.W. and KONIDITSIOTIS, C. (1996). Assessment of the Feasibility of Experimental Studies of Pavement Performance. Working Document WD TI 96/010. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

McLEAN, J.R. (1995). The relationship between pavement conditions and road safety. Load-Pavement Interaction Workshop, 1995, Newcastle, NSW, Paper 10. (Roads and Traffic Authority. Technology Strategy Branch: Sydney).

McLEAN, J.R. (1996). Accidents and Alignment Elements. Working Document WD AM 96/011. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

McLEAN, J.R. (1996). Accidents and Urban Arterial Cross-Section Elements. Working Document WD AM 96/029. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

McLEAN, J., RAMSAY, E. and SHARP, K. (1995). Review of the Pavement Wear Effects of Wide Single Tyres. Contract Report CR TE 817. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

McLEAN, J.R. and ROBERTS, J.D. (1995). Relationship Between Road System Performance and Asset Features and Condition: Phase 1 Report. Working Document WD AM 95/021 (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

OPPY, E.T. and ROBERTS, J.D. (1996). Review of Pavement Intervention Criteria for Periodic Maintenance and Rehabilitation Works on Roads: Phase 1 Report. Contract Report CR TI 130. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

ROBERTS, J.D. (1996). Calibration of the ARRB Pavement Performance Model Using the F3 Freeway Concrete Pavements. Working Document WD TI 96/029. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

ROBERTS, J.D. and MARTIN, T.C. (1996). Recommendations for Monitoring Pavement Performance. Working Document WD TI 96/003. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

ENVIRONMENT

Publications BRINDLE, R.E. (1995). `Permeable' local networks: for your information. Road and Transport Research, 4(4), p.65.

BRINDLE, R.E. (1995). Arterial Road Access Management: Source Document. Research Report ARR 271. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

BRINDLE, R.E. (1995). The strange case of the paranoid traffic calmer. AITPM 8th National Conference, Adelaide: Papers, pp.109-120. (Australian Institute of Traffic Planning and Management: Sydney). (Winner of "Best Paper" Award).

BRINDLE, R.E. (1996). Living with Traffic: Twenty-Seven Contributions to the Art and Practice of Traffic Calming 1979-1992. Special Report 53. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

BRINDLE, R.E. (1996). Transport and urban form: the not-so-vital link. Transport and Livable Cities: The Institute of Transportation Engineers Regional Conference, 1996, Melbourne, Victoria. (Institute of Transportation Engineers: Washington, DC).

FARMAR-BOWERS, Q. (1995). Highways and the National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development. Highways and the Environment, Conference, 1995, Sydney, NSW. (University of New South Wales. Munro Centre for Civil and Environmental Engineering: Sydney).

FARMAR-BOWERS, Q. (1995). National Protocol System for biodiversity conservation on roadsides and in adjacent waterways: technical note. Road and Transport Research, 4(4), pp.84-7.

ARRB TRAN PORT RESEARCH

FARMAR-BOWERS, Q (1995). Jurisdiction in Relation to Biodiversity on Roadsides. Working Document WD TO 95/003. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

FARMAR-BOWERS, Q. (1995). First Draft - National Protocol Core for the Draft National Protocol System: Biodiversity Conservation on Roadsides and in Adjacent Waterways. Working Document WD TO 95/008. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

FARMAR-BOWERS, Q (1996). Protocol Chapters for the Draft National Protocol System; Biodiversity Conservation on Roadsides and in Adjacent Waterways. Working Document WD TO 95/004. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

FARMAR-BOWERS, Q, (1996). Environmental Law and Road Reserves. Working Document WD TO 96/017. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

FARMAR-BOWERS, Q. (1996). Towards Sustainable Transportation. Report on the OECD Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 1996. Working Document WD TO 96/018. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

FARMAR-BOWERS, Q. (1996). Air quality programs in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Report from a visit March 1996. Technical note. Road and Transport Research, 5(2), pp.51-57.

FARMAR-BOWERS, Q. (1996). What is sustainable development and what could it mean to transportation? Motoring Directions, 2(1), pp.16-20.

FARMAR-BOWERS, Q. and WARD, B. (1995). Platypuses Have Power: Ecologically Sustainable Development and Road Works. Special Report 51. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

McROBERT, J. (1996). Greenhouse Emissions and Road Transport - A Review of Recent Literature and Current Research. Working Document WD TO 96/013. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

Unpublished Presentations BRINDLE, R.E. (1995). Presentation to Urban Planning students at Melbourne University on Land Use/Transport Planning.

BRINDLE, R.E. (1996). Presentation to University of New England Road Safety Course students, Sydney, on Traffic Management.

BRINDLE, R.E. (1996). Considering Transport, Urban Form and Structure in Devising a Planner's Response to the Needs of Cities in the 21st Century. Workshop Notes. "Reflecting on Transport and Urban Form for the Australia of the 21st Century". Institute of Transport Studies, The University of Sydney. Working Document WD TO 021. (Unpublished).

FARMAR-BOWERS, Q. (1996). Biodiversity on transport corridors and local government. 1996 IMM, IMEA and LGCSA Working Together Conference, Launceston, Tasmania, May 3-4, 1996.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Publications GIUMMARRA, G.J. (1995). Latest developments in roading technologies. Pavement Rehabilitation Workshop, 1995, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia. Paper 13. (Queensland. Department of Transport. Transport Technology Division: Brisbane).

GIUMMARRA, G.J. (1995). Management of technological change. Proceedings of the Association of Local Government Engineers of NZ Conference, 8th, 1995, Nelson, New Zealand. (Association of Local Government Engineers of New Zealand: Auckland).

GIUMMARRA, G.J. (1995). Developments in the management of unsealed roads. National Local Government Engineering Conference: 8th, 1995, Gold Coast, Queensland, pp.51-55. (Institute of Municipal Engineering: South Melbourne).

GIUMMARRA, G.J. (1995). Rehabilitation guidelines for sealed local roads. National Local Government Engineering Conference: 8th, 1995, Gold Coast, Queensland, pp.137-141. (Institute of Municipal Engineering: South Melbourne, Vic).

GIUMMARRA, G.J. (1996). Competition through innovation. Local Government Engineering Conference, 1996, Adelaide, South Australia. (Local Government Association of South Australia: Adelaide).

GIUMMARRA, G.J. (1996). Innovation - the competitive edge. State Municipal Engineering Conference, 13th, 1996, Perth, Western Australia. (Institute of Municipal Engineering Australia. Western Australian Division: Perth).

GIUMMARRA, G.J. (1996). Better management of the road network. Indian Highways, 24(3), pp.17-24.

GIUMMARRA, G.J. and LUK, J. (Convenors). (1995). Proceedings of Developments in Paid Parking Technologies Seminar, 11 July 1995, Melbourne, Victoria. Research Report ARR 273. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

JOHNSTON, I.R. (1995). Local roads research activities. National Local Government Engineering Conference: 8th, 1995, Gold Coast, Queensland, pp.143-146. (Institute of Municipal Engineering: South Melbourne).

Unpublished Presentations

GIUMMARRA, G. (1996). Local roads - research and technology update. 9th Association New Zealand Conference, 1996, Taupo, New Zealand. ALGENZ.

GIUMMARRA, G. (1996). New technologies and developments for local roads. 2nd Malaysian Road Conference, Malaysia.

MATERIALS

Publications AUFF, A.A., TYSON, G. and CHOUMMANIVONG, L. (1995). Evaluation of the Road Roughness Measuring Capacity of ARRB's Prototype Walking Profilometer. Research Report ARR266. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

ALDERSON, A.J. (1995). Asphalt recycling survey. Workshop on Pavement Recycling, 1995, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, Paper 10. (Austroads: Sydney).

ALDERSON, A.J. (1996). Dynamic Creep Testing with a Static Confining Pressure. Working Document WD TI 96/005. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

ALDERSON, A.J. (1996). A Trial of Sections of the Austroads Mix Design Guide. Working Document WD TI 96/009. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).


ALDERSON, A.J. and OLIVER, J.W.H. (1995). The effect of confinement on dynamic creep results. In: Results of the Laboratory Program Associated with the ALF Asphalt Deformation Trial, APRG Report 12 and Research Report ARR 272, pp.5.1-5.11. (Austroads Pavement Research Group: Sydney; and ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

BABURAMANI, P.S. and POTTER, D.W. Asphalt Fatigue: Test Method(s), Laboratory Characterisation and Life Prediction Models. Working Document T1961021. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

BABURAMANI, P.S. (1996) Monitoring of Austroads Sprayed Seal Design Trials. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

HOLTROP, W. and OLIVER, J.W.H. (1995). Seal Inspection Report on the Visual Assessment of Austroads Sprayed Seal Design Trials. APRG Document No. APRG 95/04(SU). (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

KARIM, M.R. and OLIVER, J.W.H. (1995). The orientation of aggregate particles in field and laboratory compacted specimens. In: Results of the Laboratory Program Associated with the ALF Asphalt Deformation Trial, APRG Report 12 and Research Report ARR 272, pp.9.1-9.17. (Austroads Pavement Research Group: Sydney; and ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

OLIVER, J.W.H. (1995). Development of an Austroads mix design procedure for asphalt. Short Course on Flexible Pavements, 1995, Kew, Vic. (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology: Melbourne).

OLIVER, J.W.H. (1995). Design of a Durable Asphalt Surfacing for Lightly-Trafficked Streets. Research Report ARR 274. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

OLIVER, J.W.H. (1995). Overview. In: Results of the Laboratory Program Associated with the ALF Asphalt Deformation Trial, APRG Report 12 and Research Report ARR 272, pp.1.1-1.24. (Austroads Pavement Research Group: Sydney; and ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

OLIVER, J.W.H. (1995). Relationships between binder and asphalt properties for the ALF deformation trial binders. In: Results of the Laboratory Program Associated with the ALF Asphalt Deformation Trial, APRG Report 12 and Research Report ARR 272, pp.7.1-7.24. (Austroads Pavement Research Group: Sydney; and ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

OLIVER, J.W.H. (1995). Results of road trials of two asphalt antioxidants. In: Unmodified and Modified Asphalt Binders, Transportation Research Record 1488, pp.96-102. (Transportation Research Board: Washington, DC).

OLIVER, J.W.H. (1995). Presentation at RMIT One and Three Day Courses on Flexible Pavements, July-August.

OLIVER, J.W.H. (1996). Burwood Highway Asphalt Trial after 19 years - Interim Report. Working Document WD TI 96/015. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

OLIVER, J.W.H. (1996). An Evaluation of the Ignition Oven for Bitumen Content Determination. Working Document WD TI 96/017. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

OLIVER, J.W.H. (1996). ALF trial results, creep test and PMBs. Presented at the Pavement Surfacings Symposium, 29 April-1 May, Brisbane.

OLIVER, J.W.H. (1996). Presentation to Department of Queensland Seminar on Surfacing Innovations, Brisbane, May.

OLIVER, J.W.H. and ALDERSON, A.J. (1995). Relationships between creep slope, wheel tracking rate and ALF deformation at two temperatures. In: Results of the Laboratory Program Associated with the ALF Asphalt Deformation Trial, APRG Report 12 and Research Report ARR 272, pp.3.1-3.13. (Austroads Pavement Research Group: Sydney; and ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

OLIVER, J.W.H. and ALDERSON, A.J. (1995). The effect of filler content on dynamic creep results. In: Results of the Laboratory Program Associated with the ALF Asphalt Deformation Trial, APRG Report 12 and Research Report ARR 272, pp.4.1-4.13. (Austroads Pavement Research Group: Sydney; and ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

OLIVER, J.W.H. and ALDERSON, A.J. (1995). Binder hardening in ALF asphalt deformation trial samples. In: Results of the Laboratory Program Associated with the ALF Asphalt Deformation Trial, APRG Report 12 and Research Report ARR 272, pp.8.1-8.8. (Austroads Pavement Research Group: Sydney; and ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

OLIVER, J.W.H. and ALDERSON, A. (1996). Tentative Relationships Between Field and Laboratory Moduli and Modulus Increase with Age. Working Document WD TI 96/008. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

OLIVER, J.W.H., ALDERSON, A.J., TREDREA, P.F. and KARIM, M.R. (1995). Results of the Laboratory Program Associated with the ALF Asphalt Deformation Trial. APRG Report 12 and Research Report ARR 272. (Austroads Pavement Research Group: Sydney; and ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

OLIVER, J.W.H., JAMESON, G.W. and SHARP, K.G. (1995). An evaluation of the rut-resistant properties of asphalt mixes under accelerated loading. Short Course on Flexible Pavements, 1995, Kew, Vic. (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology: Melbourne).

OLIVER, J.W.H. and TREDREA, P. (1996). The Change in Properties of PMBs with Simulated Field Exposure. Working Document WD TI 96/016. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

OLIVER, J.W.H. and TREDREA, P. 0996). A Preliminary Study of the Properties of PMBs from Emulsions. Working Document WD TI 96/018. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

OLIVER, J.W.H. and TREDREA, P. (1996). Recovery of Binder from Pavement Samples Using a Modified Procedure. Working Document WD TI 96/023. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

TREDREA, P.F. (1995). Something is wrong with my seal: for your information. Road and Transport Research, 4(4), p.64.

TREDREA, P.F. (1995). The environmental consequences of urban and rural bituminous practices. Highways and the Environment, Conference, 1995, Sydney, NSW. (University of New South Wales. Munro Centre for Civil and Environmental Engineering: Sydney).

TREDREA, P.F. (1995). Laboratory test results for binders used in phases one and two of the ALF deformation trial. In: Results of the Laboratory Program Associated with the ALF Asphalt Deformation Trial, APRG Report 12 and Research Report ARR 272, pp.6.1-6.32. (Austroads Pavement Research Group: Sydney; and ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).



ALDERSON, A. (1995). Asphalt recycling survey results. Presented at Austroads Pavement Recycling Workshop, 11-12 October, Newcastle, New South Wales.

JAMESON, G., SHARP, K. and OLIVER, J.W.H. (1995). ALF asphalt deformation core trial. Presentation at AAPA Members Conference, September 10-12, Glenelg, South Australia.

OLIVER, J.W.H. (1996). New asphalt mix design system. Presented at the Pavements Surfacings Symposium, 29 April-1 May, Brisbane.

TREDREA, P. (1995). The environmental consequences of urban and rural bituminous practices. Presented at University of New South Wales, August.

PAVEMENT DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE

Publications

BABURAMANI, P.S. and POTTER, D.W. (1996). Asphalt Fatigue - Test Method(s) Laboratory Characterisation and Life Prediction Models. Working Document WD TI 96/021. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

FOLEY, G. (1996). Kwinana Freeway Rehabilitation Review. Contract Report CR C5 135. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

JAMESON, G. (1995). Response of Cementitious Pavement Materials to Repeated Loading. (University of South Australia, Structural Materials and Assemblies Group: The Levels, SA).

JAMESON, G. (1995). Analysis of Western Ring Road Deflection Data. Contract Report CR C5 1001. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

JAMESON, G. (1995). Fatigue Characteristics of Thin Asphalt Surfacings. Contract Report CR C5 126. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

JAMESON, G. (1995). Puckapunyal Redevelopment Project Phase B: Structural Adequacy of Flexible Pavement Type B. Contract Report CR RI 980. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

36

JAMESON, G. (1996). Use of mechanistic design procedures to develop performance based specification. In: National Workshop - Performance Characterisation of Unbound Granular Pavement Materials, 27 April 1995. APRG Report 13, pp.11-18. (Austroads Pavement Research Group: Sydney).

JAMESON, G.W. (1996). Origins of Austroads Overlay Design Procedures. Working Document WD TI 96/025. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

JAMESON, G. (1996). Pre workshop discussion paper: `towards performance related pavement material specifications'. National Workshop - Performance Characterisation of Unbound Granular Pavement Materials, 27 April 1995, APRG Report 13, pp.v-vii. (Austroads Pavement Research Group: Sydney).

JAMESON, G.W., MOFFATT, M.A. and ARMSTRONG, P.W. (1995). Verification of ASMOL Overlay Design Procedure. Working Document WD TI 95/022. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

JAMESON, G.W., OLIVER, J.W.H. and SHARP, K.G. (1995). An Evaluation of the Rut-Resistant Properties of Asphalt Mixes under Accelerated Loading. Working Document WD TI 95/015. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

JAMESON, G., OLIVER, J., SHARP, K. and VERTESSY, N. (1996). Rut Resistance of Asphalt Mixes Under Accelerated Loading: ALF "Ancillary" and Follow-up "Core" Trials. Working Document WD TI 96/001. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

JAMESON, G., YEO, R., SHARP, K. and VERTESSY, N. (1996). Performance of Cement-Stabilised Flyash Under Accelerated Loading: the Eraring ALF Trial 1995. Research Report ARR 281 and APRG Report 15. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic; and Austroads Pavement Research Group: Sydney).

JOHNSON-CLARKE, J. and FOSSEY, D. (1996). Installation and Commissioning of a Pavement Heating System for the Accelerated Loading Facility. Research Report ARR 275 and APRG Report 14. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic; and Austroads Pavement Research Group: Sydney).

JOHNSON-CLARKE, J.R. and SMITH, P.B. (1996). Performance of Cement-Stabilised Flyash Pavements - Data Collected During the Pacific Power Eraring ALF Trial. Contract Report CR RI 922. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South).

KONIDITSIOTIS, C. (1995). Subbase Selection for Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements. Stage (ii) Section B, Investigation of Two Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements. Contract Report CR RI 964. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

KONIDITSIOTIS, C. (1995). Accelerated Loading Facility - Long Term Pavement Performance (ALF-LTPP) Study, Comparative Analysis, July 1995. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

KONIDITSIOTIS, C. (1996). Update of Traffic Design Chapter in the Austroads Pavement Design Guide. Status Report. Working Document WD TI 96/024. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

KONIDITSIOTIS, C., CARLISLE, J. and RAMSAY, E. (1995). Development of an Indonesian vehicle classification system. Proceedings of the Eighth Conference of the Road Engineering Association of Asia and Australasia, April 17-21, 1995, Taiwan ROC, Vol. 1, pp.435-440. (REAAA: Kuala Lumpur).

KONIDITSIOTIS, C., CHOUMMANIVONG, L., VERTESSY, N.J. and FOSSEY, D. (1996). National Strategic Research Program, Strategic Highway Research Program. Long Term Pavement Performance (SHRP-LTPP). Data Report 1995/96 Season. Working Document WD TI 96/020. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

KONIDITSIOTIS, C., CHOUMMANIVONG, L, VERTESSY, N.J. and FOSSEY, D. (1996). National Strategic Research Program, Strategic Highway Research Program. Accelerated Loading Facility Long Term Pavement Performance (ALF-LTPP). Data Report 1994/95 Season. Working Document WD TI 96/022. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

MOFFATT, M.A. (1996). Structural Properties of Recycled Asphalt for Design Purposes. Working Document WD TI 96/011. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

MOFFATT, M.A. and ARMSTRONG, P.W. (1995). Extension of ASMOL for Removal of Cracked Asphalt Prior to Overlay. Working Document WD TI 95/021. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

POTTER, D.W. (1995). Pavement design research issues. Load-Pavement Interaction Workshop, 1995, Newcastle, NSW. Paper 7. (Roads and Traffic Authority. Technology Strategy Branch: Sydney).


POTTER, D.W. (1995). Characterisation of asphalt for flexible pavement design. Short Course on Flexible Pavements, 1995, Kew, Vic. (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology: Melbourne, Vic).

POTTER, D.W., JAMESON, G. and MAKAROV, A. (1996). A Basis for Incorporating Reliability in the Austroads Pavement Design Procedures. Working Document WD TI 96/014. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

SHARP, K.G. (1995). Vehicle-pavement interaction - ALF testing. Load-Pavement Interaction Workshop, 1995, Newcastle, NSW. Paper 12. (Roads and Traffic Authority. Technology Strategy Branch: Sydney).

SHARP, K.G. (1995). Progress to date in the Pacific Power ALF trial. Workshop on Pavement Recycling, 1995, Newcastle, NSW. Paper 5. (Roads and Traffic Authority: Surry Hills, NSW).

SHARP, K.G. (1995). ALF Asphalt Deformation Trial: Construction Report. Working Document WD TI 95/017. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

SHARP. K.G. (1996). The Performance of Overlay Treatments and Modified Binders under Accelerated Loading: Callington ALF Trial. Working Document WD TI 96/ 004. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

SHARP, K.G. (1996). Accelerated Loading Trial, CAPTIF, New Zealand. Contribution to Element 1 of OECD IR6 Project: Resilient Modulus and Dynamic Creep Testing of Asphalt. Contract Report CR RI 905/1. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

SHARP, K.G. (1996). Accelerated Loading Trial, CAPTIF, New Zealand. Contribution to Element 1 of OECD IR6 Project: Analysis of FWD Data Collected on All Layers at Construction. Contract Report CR RI 905/2. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

SHARP, K.G. and BENNETT, D.W. (1995). Australia's role in accelerated pavement testing: technical note. National Works Officers Conference, 3rd, 1995, Ringwood East, Vic. (Institute of Municipal Engineering Australia, Victorian Division: Melbourne, Vic).

SHARP, K.G. and MOFFATT, M.A. (1996). Analysis of Performance Data Collected During Trafficking of Test Pavement by CAPTIF: Element 1 of OECD IR6 Project. Contract Report CR RI 905/ 3. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

VERTESSY, N.J. and JOHNSON-CLARKE, J.R. (1995). Rut Resistance of Asphalt Mixes Under Accelerated Loading -ALF "Ancillary" and Follow-Up "Core" Trials: Data Report. Working Document WD TI95/019. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

VUONG, B.T. (1995). Pilot Study to Estimate Performance of Tonkin Highway Test Sections. Contract Report CR RI 989. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

VUONG, B.T. (1995). Back-calculation of layer elastic properties from pavement deflections measured with the falling weight deflectometer and the benkelman beam using the computing model EFROMD2. Second International Conference on Road and Airfield Pavement Technology, Singapore. (National University of Singapore: Singapore).

VUONG, B.T. and ARMSTRONG, P. (1995). Influence of Pavement Creep and Loading Mode on Benkelman Beam Deflections. Working Document WD TI 95/020. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

VUONG, B.T., SHARP, K.G., BARAN, E. and JOHNSON-CLARKE, J.R. (1995). The performance of recycled sandstone bases under accelerated loading. Second International Conference on Road and Airfield Pavement Technology, Singapore. (National University of Singapore: Singapore).

VUONG, B.T., SHARP, K.G., BARAN. E., VERTESSY, N. and JOHNSON-CLARKE, J. (1996). Performance of Unbound and Stabilised Pavement Materials under Accelerated Loading: Summary Report of the Beerburrum H ALF Trial. Working Document WD TI 96/007. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

VUONG, B.T. and VERTESSY, N. (1996). Analysis of Falling Weight Deflectometer Testing on the Pit Straight of Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit. Contract Report CR C5 110. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

YEO, R.E.Y., AUFF, A.A. and ARMSTRONG, P. (1995). Construction Variability - Local Roads: the Mildura Trial. Research Report ARR 267. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic.)

YEO, R.E.Y. and AUFF, A.A.. Pavement construction variability -local roads. Second International Conference on Road and Airfield Pavement Technology, Singapore. (National University of Singapore: Singapore).

YEO, R.E.Y., AUFF, A.A., CHOUMMANIVONG, L. and ARMSTRONG, P. (1995). Construction Variability - Local Roads: the Kilmore Trial. Research Report ARR 268. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).


AUFF, A.A.. (1996). Full-Day Seminar on Quality Management, Variability and Quality Improvement to South Australian Department of Transport, 18 June, Adelaide.

BABURAMANI, P. (1996). Monitoring of Austroads sprayed seal design trials. Presented at the Pavement Surfacings Symposium, 29 April-1 May, Brisbane.

BABURAMANI, P. (1996). Asphalt fatigue. Presented at the Pavement Surfacings Symposium, 29 April-1 May, Brisbane.

JOHNSON-CLARKE, J. (1995). Presentation to ALF Pacific Power Trial Working Group and Association of Engineering Managers.

KONIDITSIOTIS, C. (1995). ARRB pavement data collection systems. RTA-NSW PMS Workshop, Victorian Division, July.

KONIDITSIOTIS, C. (1996). Austroads Weigh-in-Motion Technology Report. Weigh-in-Motion Symposium, ARRB Transport Research, May.

POTTER, D. (1995). Presentation at RMIT One and Three Day Courses on Flexible Pavements, July-August.

POTTER, D. and JAMESON, G. (1995). Pavement design research issues. Presented at the Load-Pavement Interaction Workshop, 5-6 July, Newcastle, New South Wales.

SHARP, K. (1995). Vehicle-pavement interaction - ALF testing. Presented at the Load-Pavement Interaction Workshop, 5-6 July, Newcastle, New South Wales.

SHARP, K. (1995). Presentation at RMIT One and Three Day Courses on Flexible Pavements, July-August.

SHARP, K. (1995). Progress to date in the Pacific Power ALF Trial. Presented at Austroads Pavement Recycling Workshop, 11-12 October, Newcastle, New South Wales.

SHARP, K. (1996). Papers presented at APRG Seminars for Main Roads Western Australia, Perth, 17-18 July.

ARRB RAMP • RT RE EARCH

SHARP, K. (1996). Presentations on ARRB TR research, highlighting the ALF program to the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm; VTI, Sweden; the Danish Road Institute; and the Transport Research Laboratory, April/May.

SHARP, K. and BENNETT, D. (1995). Australia's role in accelerated pavement testing. Presented at the Third National Works Officers' Conference, IMEA, Melbourne, November.

SHARP, K. and JAMESON, G. (1996). The use of cement-stabilised flyash in road pavements. Presented at National Symposium on the Use of Recycled Materials in Engineer Construction, 30-31 May, Sydney, New South Wales.

ROAD SAFETY

Publications ANDREASSEN, D. (1995). The electronic accident report form. International Conference on Application of New Technology to Transport Systems, 1995, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, vol. 2, pp.199-210. (ITS Australia: Parkville, Vic).

ANDREASSEN, D., BISHOP, J., CATCHPOLE, J.E., CUSACK, S.G., MORGAN, R.J., TAN, H.W., UBER, C.M. and WARD, B. (1996). Study of Rear End Accidents - Final Report. Contract Report CR RS 756-4. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

ANDREASSEN, D. and CUSACK, S. (1995). Review of Traffic Accident Reporting System -Final Report. Contract Report CR RS 766. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

ANDREASSEN, D. arid CUSACK, S. (1995). Accident Data for Australia. Contract Report CR RS 712. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

ANDREASSEN, D. and CUSACK, S. (1996). Analysis of Improving Occupant Protection in Existing Coaches. Contract Report CR C5510. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

ANDREASSEN, D. and CUSACK, S. (1996). The Electronic Accident Report. Research Report ARR 284. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

CAIRNEY, P.T. (1995). Consumers' Views of Information Technology Based Systems for Passenger Cars. Research Report ARR 277. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

CAIRNEY, P.T. (1995). Road Safety Plans for the Community. Contract Report TT 029. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

CAIRNEY, P.T. (1996). Putting technology in the driver's seat. Search, 27(5), pp.149-150.

CAIRNEY, P.T. (1996). Community Road Safety Workshops in Queensland. Contract Report TT 129. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

CATCHPOLE, J.E. (1995). Review of Level Crossing Safety Measures. Contract Report CR RS 729. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

CATCHPOLE, J.E. (1995). Pedestrian safety and reduced vehicle delay at Puffin and Pelican crossings. National Road Safety Research and Enforcement Conference 1995, Fremantle, Western Australia, 13-14 November: Conference Proceedings. (Promaco Conventions: Perth, WA).

CATCHPOLE, J.E. (1996). Evaluation of a Yellow Pedestrian Signal. Contract Report CR RS 758-2. Revised edition. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

CATCHPOLE, J.E. (1996). Crossing Behaviour of Elderly Pedestrians at Pedestrian Operated Signals near Inala Village. Contract Report CR C5 565. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

CATCHPOLE, J.E. (1996). Further Development of the Puffin Pedestrian Crossing. ARRB Contract Report CR C5 502. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

CATCHPOLE, J.E. and CAIRNEY, P.T. (1996). Nepean Highway Frankston Strip Shopping Centre Study: Stage One: Problem Diagnosis. Contract Report CR C5 522-1. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

CATCHPOLE, J.E., HANCOCK, A. and CAIRNEY, P.T. (1995). Driver Comprehension of Formats for Presenting Traffic Information on Dynamic Signs. Research Report ARR269. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

DONALD, D. (1995). Study Tour Report. Working Document TO WD 95/010. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

DONALD, D. (1995). Urban speed management policy - what it means for us all. National Road Safety Research and Enforcement Conference 1995, Fremantle, Western Australia, 13-14 November 1995. (Promaco Conventions: Perth, WA).

DONALD, D. (1996). NZLIMITS Speed Limit Advisor, Version 1, User Manual (Draft). (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

DONALD, D. (1996). Results of Market Research Survey (Aug. 94). Working Document WD 96/003. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

DONALD, D. (1996). The Speed Derestriction Sign and Its Alternatives. Research Report ARR 262. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

DONALD, D. (1996). The Speed Derestriction Sign and Its Alternatives. Masters Thesis submitted to Monash University. (Monash University: Clayton, Vic).

DONALD, D. and McGANN, A. (1995). Reducing Speed - The Relative Effectiveness of a Variety of Sign Types. Research Report ARR 246. Revised edition. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

GEORGE, R.M. (1995). Dynamics of Large Vehicles - Decelerating in Arrester Beds. Contract Report CR RS 717. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

GEORGE, R.M. (1995). Performance of New Poly Pack Wool Bales. Contract Report RS 780. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

GEORGE, R.M. (1996). Assessment of Combination Vehicles for Access to the Road Network. Contract Report CR N9501. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

GEORGE, R.M. (1996). Survey of New Technologies in On-Board Load Measurement. Contract Report CR N9502. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

GEORGE, R.M. (1996). Testing of Load Restraint Systems for Steel Products. Contract Report CR C5 543. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

GEORGE, R.M., ELISCHER, M., and GLEESON, B. (1996). Stability of High Vehicles. Contract Report CR C5 546. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

38 ANNUAL REVIEW 1995/96

HAKKERT, S. and McGANN, A. (1996). A Comparative Study of Road Safety in Australian States. Research Report ARR 278. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

McGANN, A. (1995). SIGNLIFE Evaluation Version: User's Guide. (ARRB Transport Research Ltd: Vermont South, Vic).

McGANN, A. (1995). Traffic Signal Management: A 3-Step Approach. Working Document WD TO 95/017. (ARAB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

McLEAN, J.R. (1995). An international comparison of curve speed prediction relations. Road and Transport Research, 4(3), pp.6-15.

RAMSAY, E.D. (1996). Modelling and Simulation of Twin Steer Road Trains. Contract Report CR C5 534. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

TAN, H.W. and GLEESON, B. (1995). Evaluation of Painted Yellow Box Roadmarkings, Springvale Road Railway Level Crossing, Nunawading. Contract Report, CR RS 779. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

TAN, H.W., McLEAN, J., CAIRNEY, P. and GEORGE, R. (1995). Desirable Road Environment Characteristics for Road Transport Vehicles. Contract Report CR TE 816. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

Unpublished Presentations CAIRNEY, P.T. (1995). The conspicuity of bicycle lighting under on-road conditions. Paper given at Vision 6 Conference.

CATCHPOLE, J.E. and MACDONALD, W.A. (1996). Age, experience and age of licence acquisition as predictors of young driver crash risk. Paper presented to Third International Conference on Injury Prevention and Control, Melbourne, Australia, 18-22 February.

DONALD, D. (1995). Motherhood and engineering - is it possible? A round table discussion. Presented at Second Australian Women In Engineering Forum, Melbourne, Victoria, 9 December.

TRAFFIC AND ECONOMICS

euolications AKCELIK, R. (1995). Alternative Delay Models for Actuated Signals. Discussion Note. Working Document WD TO 95/013-B. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

AKCELIK, R. (1995). Australian vehicle-actuated control practice: survey results. Road and Transport Research, 4(3), pp.63-70.

AKCELIK, R. (1995). Extension of the Highway Capacity Manual Progression Factor Method for Platooned Arrivals. Research Report ARR 276. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

AKCELIK, R. (1995). The Headway Time Setting for Vehicle-Actuated Control. Working Document WD TE 95/006. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

AKCELIK, R. (1995). Signal Timing Analysis for Vehicle-Actuated Control. Working Document WD TE 95/007. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

AKCELIK, R. (1995). Signal Timing Calculation Methods for Vehicle-Actuated and Fixed-Time Signals. Working Document WD TO 95/020. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

AKCELIK, R., BESLEY, M. and SHEPHERD, R. (1995). SIDRA (Windows) Input Redesign for Paired Intersection Modelling. Discussion Note. Working Document WD TO 96/008. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

AKCELIK, R. and BESLEY, M. (1996). SIDRA 5 User Guide. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

AKCELIK, R. and CHUNG, E. (1995). Calibration of Performance Models for Traditional Vehicle-Actuated and Fixed-Time Signals. Working Document WD TO 95/013. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

AKCELIK, R. and CHUNG, E. (1995). Delay Model for Actuated Signals. Technical Note. Working Document WD TO 95/013-A. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

AKCELIK, R., CHUNG, E. and BESLEY, M. (1996). Performance of roundabouts under heavy demand conditions. Road and Transport Research, 5(2), pp.36-50.

AKCELIK, R., CHUNG, E. and BESLEY, M. (1995). Roundabout Model Enhancements in SIDRA 4.1. Working Document WD TE 95/005. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

AKCELIK, R., SHEPHERD, R. and BESLEY, M. (1995). Experience with developing a windows version of SIDRA. AITPM Newsletter, 6, pp.12-14.

BOTTERILL, R.M. and THORESEN, T.R. (1995). Speed Studies on Unsealed Roads in Queensland. Contract Report ACR AM 056/1. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

CHUNG, E., RAMSAY, E., DIAZ, E. and LUK, J.Y.K. (1996). Melbourne International Airport Taxi Overflow Study. Contract Report CR C5 517. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

CHUNG, E., ROPER, R. and LUK, J.Y.K. (1996). Arterial Incident Detection - Review and Definition. Contract Report CR C5 541-1. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

COURAGE, K.G., FAMBRO, D.B., AKCELIK, R., LIN, P-S., ANWAR, M. and VILORIA, F. (1996). Capacity Analysis of Traffic Actuated Intersections. NCHRP Project 3-48. Draft Final Report prepared for National Cooperative Highway Research Program. (Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC).

LUK, J.Y.K. (1995). Current on-street paid parking technologies. In: Developments in Paid Parking Technologies Seminar, 1995, Melbourne, Vic, Research Report ARR 273, pp.25-36. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

LUK, J.Y.K. (1995). Private transport - cost and pricing. Cities of the Future Seminar. August 29, 1995, Canberra. (ACT Urban Services: Canberra).

LUK, J.Y.K. and HEPBURN, S. (1995). Congestion Pricing: Fundamental Principles and Revenue Distribution. Research Report ARR 270. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

LUK, J.Y.K., HEPBURN, S. and THORESEN, T. (1995). Real cost of car travel and congestion pricing. Highway Engineering in Australia, 27(6), pp.9-12.

LUK, J.Y.K. and RICHARDSON, A.J. (1996). Company Cars and Management of Travel Demand. Working Document WD TO 96/002. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

ARRB TRANSPORT RE EARCH

LUK, J.Y.K. and TAYLOR, S. (1996). Public Acceptance and Effectiveness of Non-pricing TDM Measures. Working Document WD TO 96/001. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

MARTIN, T. (1995). Cost allocation - ARRB research. Load-Pavement Interaction Workshop, 1995, Newcastle, New South Wales, Paper 3. (Roads and Traffic Authority. Technology Strategy Branch: Sydney).

MARTIN, T.C. (1995). Australian road track cost recovery: an international comparison. World Conference on Transport Research, 7th, 1995, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

MARTIN, T.C. (1996). Australian congestion pricing: will it work? Roads and Transport Research, 5(2), pp.4-16.

RAMSAY, E.D., CATCHPOLE, J. and LUK, J.Y.K. (1995). Evaluation of VicRoads Drive Time System - Preliminary Report. Contract Report CR RS 770-2. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

RAMSAY, E. and LUK, J.Y.K. (1995). Evaluation of Dynamic Freeway Information System "Before" Study Report. Contract Report CR RS770-1. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

RAMSAY, E.D., CATCHPOLE, J. and LUK, J.Y.K. (1996). Evaluation of VicRoads Drive Time System - Final Report. Contract Report CR RS 770-3. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

ROUPHAIL, N. and AKCELIK, R. (1996). More signal capacity -with less green? ITE Journal, 66(7), pp.34-40.

TAN, H.W. and LUK, J.Y.K. (1995). Estimates of Congestion Tolls and Revenues in Australian Cities. Contract Report CR TE 822. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

THORESEN, T. (1996). Review of the Proposed Treatment of Road User Effects in HDM 4. Working Document WD AM 96/023. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).

THORESEN, T.R. and ROPER, R. (1996). Review and Enhancement of Vehicle Operating Cost Models: Assessment of Non Urban Evaluation Models. Research Report ARR 279. (ARRB Transport Research: Vermont South, Vic).


BOTTERILL, R.M. (1995). Effect of congestion on speed on the Princes Highway. Status Report to Austroads Road User Costs Steering Group on Project N9503 (unpublished).

BOTTERILL, R.M. (1996). Effect of curvature on speed: Maroondah & Goulburn Valley Highways. Status Report to Austroads Road User Costs Steering Group on Project N9503 (unpublished).

BOTTERILL, R.M. (1996). Western Australia - narrow roads study. Status Report to Austroads Road User Costs Steering Group on Project N9503 (unpublished).

BOTTERILL, R.M. (1996). Westernport Highway congestion survey: 4-5 March 1996. Status Report to Austroads Road User Costs Steering Group on Project N9503 (unpublished).

BOTTERILL, R.M. (1996). Goulburn Valley Highway speed and grade study. Status Report to Austroads Road User Costs Steering Group on Project N9503 (unpublished).

LUK, J.Y.K. (1995). Current technologies. City of Melbourne Seminar on Developments in Paid Parking Technologies. July 11, Melbourne.

LUK, J.Y.K. (1995). Congestion pricing. Queensland Transport Seminar. October 1, Brisbane.

LUK, J.Y.K. (1995). Congestion and road pricing. Department of Transport Seminar. October 19, Adelaide.

LUK, J.Y.K. (1995). Parking equipment. Monash Short Course in Parking Management, Policy & Design. July 12-14, Melbourne.

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

TICKNER, J. (1995). The transport information network -Australia and international links. Asian Pacific Specials, Health and Law Librarians' Conference, 6th, 1995, Sydney, NSW, pp.407-14. (Australian Library and Information Association: Canberra).

40 ANNUAL REVIEW 1995/96

ISSN 0313-6833

ARRB Transport Research Ltd 500 Burwood Highway Vermont South Victoria 3133 Australia

Tel: (03) 9881 1555 Fax: (03) 9887 8104

International Tel: 61 3 9881 1555 Fax: 61 3 9807 8104

Email: [email protected] Internet: www.arrb,org.au

Documents

ARRB Transport Research