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7/27/2019 ArrayList (Java Platform SE 7 ).pdf
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Overview Package Class Use Tree Deprecated Index HelpJava Platform
Standard Ed. 7
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Summary: Nested | Field| Constr| Method Detail: Field | Constr| Method
java.util
Class ArrayList
java.lang.Object
java.util.AbstractCollection
java.util.AbstractList
java.util.ArrayList
All Implemented Interfaces:
Serializable, Cloneable, Iterable, Collection, List, RandomAccess
Direct Known Subclasses:
AttributeLis t, RoleList, RoleUnresolvedList
public class ArrayList
extends AbstractList
implements List, RandomAccess, Cloneable, Serializable
Resizable-array implementation of the Listinterface. Implements all optional list operations, and permits all
elements, including null. In addition to implem enting the Listinterface, this clas s provides methods to
manipulate the size of the array that is used internally to store the list. (This class is roughly equivalent to Vector,
except that it is unsynchronized.)
The size, isEmpty, get, set, iterator, and listIteratoroperations run in constant time. The addoperation
runs in amortized constant time, that is, adding n elements requires O(n) time. All of the other operations run in
linear time (roughly speaking). The constant factor is low compared to that for the LinkedListimplementation.
Each ArrayListinstance has a capacity. The capacity is the size of the array used to store the elements in the lis t.
It is always at least as large as the list size. As elementsare added toan ArrayList, its capacity grows automatically.
The details of the growth policy are not specified beyond the fact that adding an element has constant amortized
time cost.
An application can increase the capacity of an ArrayListins tance before adding a large number of elements using
the ensureCapacityoperation. This may reduce the amount of incremental reallocation.
Note that this implementation is not synchronized.If multiple threads access an ArrayListinstance concurrently,
and at least one of the threads modifies the list structurally, it mustbe s ynchronized externally. (A structural
modification is any operation that adds or deletes one or more elements, or explicitly resizes the backing array;
merely setting the value of an element is not a s tructural modification.) This is typically accomplished by
synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the lis t. If no such object exists, the list should be
"wrapped" using the Collections.synchronizedList method. This is best done at creation time, to prevent
accidental unsynchronized access to the list:
List list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList(...));
The iterators returned by this class 's iteratorand listIteratormethods are fail-fast: if the lis t is s tructurally
modified at any time after the iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator's own removeor add
methods , the iterator will throw a ConcurrentModificationException . Thus, in the face of concurrent
modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking arbitrary, non-determinis tic behavior at an
undetermined time in the future.
Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed as i t is, generally speaking, imposs ible to make
any hard guarantees in the presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators throw
ConcurrentModificationException on a best-effort basis. Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that
depended on this exception for its correctness: the fail-fast behavior of iterators should be used only to detect bugs.
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This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.
Since:
1.2
See Also:
Collection, List, LinkedList, Vector, Serialized Form
Field Summary
Fields inherited from class java.util.AbstractList
modCount
Constructor Summary
Constructor and Description
ArrayList()
Constructs an empty lis t with an initial capacity of ten.
ArrayList(Collection
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boolean contains(Objecto)
Returns trueif this list contains the specified element.
void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity)
Increases the capacity of this ArrayListins tance, if necess ary, to ensure that it
can hold at least the number of elements specified by the minimum capacity
argument.
E get(int index)
Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
int indexOf(Objecto)
Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in this lis t, or -1
if this lis t does not contain the element.
boolean isEmpty()
Returns trueif this lis t contains no elements.
Iterator iterator()
Returns an iterator over the elements in this lis t in proper sequence.
int lastIndexOf(Objecto)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified element in this lis t, or -1
if this lis t does not contain the element.
ListIterator listIterator()
Returns a lis t iterator over the elements in this lis t (in proper sequence).
ListIterator listIterator(int index)
Returns a lis t iterator over the elements in this lis t (in proper sequence), starting
at the specified position in the lis t.
E remove(int index)
Removes the element at the specified position in this list.
boolean remove(Objecto)
Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list, if it is
present.boolean removeAll(Collection c)
Removes from this lis t all of its elements that are contained in the specified
collection.
protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex)
Removes from this list all of the elements whose index is between fromIndex,
inclusive, and toIndex, exclus ive.
boolean retainAll(Collection c)
Retains only the elements in this lis t that are contained in the specified
collection.
E set(int index, Eelement)Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with the specified
element.
int size()
Returns the number of elements in this list.
List subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex)
Returns a view of the portion of this lis t between the specified fromIndex,
inclusive, and toIndex, exclus ive.
Object[] toArray()
Returns an array containing all of the elements in this lis t in proper sequence
(from first to last element).
T[] toArray(T[] a)
Returns an array containing all of the elements in this lis t in proper sequence
(from first to last element); the runtime type of the returned array is that of the
specified array.
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void trimToSize()
Trims the capacity of this ArrayListins tance to be the lis t's current size.
Methods inherited from class java.util.AbstractList
equals, hashCode
Methods inherited from class java.util.AbstractCollection
containsAll, toString
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait
Methods inherited from interface java.util.List
containsAll, equals, hashCode
Constructor Detail
ArrayList
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity)
Constructs an empty lis t with the specified ini tial capacity.
Parameters:
initialCapacity- the ini tial capacity of the lis t
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - if the s pecified initial capacity is negative
ArrayList
public ArrayList()
Constructs an empty lis t with an initial capacity of ten.
ArrayList
public ArrayList(Collection
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NullPointerException - if the specified collection is null
Method Detail
trimToSize
public void trimToSize()
Trims the capacity of this ArrayListins tance to be the list's current size. An application can us e this
operation to minimize the storage of an ArrayListinstance.
ensureCapacity
public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity)
Increases the capacity of this ArrayListins tance, if necess ary, to ensure that it can hold at leas t the
number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
Parameters:
minCapacity- the desired minimum capacity
size
public int size()
Returns the number of elements in this lis t.
Specified by:
sizein interface Collection
Specified by:
sizein interface List
Specified by:
sizein class AbstractCollection
Returns:
the number of elements in this lis t
isEmpty
public boolean isEmpty()
Returns trueif this lis t contains no elements.
Specified by:
isEmptyin interface Collection
Specified by:
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isEmptyin interface List
Overrides:
isEmptyin class AbstractCollection
Returns:
trueif this list contains no elements
contains
public boolean contains(Objecto)
Returns trueif this lis t contains the specified element. More formally, returns trueif and only if this lis t
contains at least one element esuch that (o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e)).
Specified by:
containsin interface Collection
Specified by:containsin interface List
Overrides:
containsin class AbstractCollection
Parameters:
o- element whose presence in this list is to be tested
Returns:
trueif this l ist contains the specified element
indexOf
public int indexOf(Objecto)
Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in this lis t, or -1 if this lis t does not contain
the element. More formally, returns the lowest indexisuch that
(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i))), or -1 if there is no such index.
Specified by:
indexOfin interface List
Overrides:
indexOfin class AbstractList
Parameters:
o- element to search for
Returns:
the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in this list, or -1 if this lis t does not contain the
element
lastIndexOf
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public int lastIndexOf(Objecto)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified element in this lis t, or -1 if this lis t does not contain
the element. More formally, returns the highest indexisuch that
(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i))), or -1 if there is no such index.
Specified by:
lastIndexOfin interface List
Overrides:
lastIndexOfin class AbstractList
Parameters:
o- element to search for
Returns:
the index of the last occurrence of the specified element in this list, or -1 if this lis t does not contain the
element
clone
public Objectclone()
Returns a shallow copy of this ArrayListinstance. (The elements thems elves are not copied.)
Overrides:
clonein class Object
Returns:
a clone of this ArrayListinstance
See Also:
Cloneable
toArray
public Object[] toArray()
Returns an array containing all of the elements in this lis t in proper sequence (from first to last element).
The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are maintained by this lis t. (In other words, this
method m ust allocate a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.
This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs.
Specified by:
toArrayin interface Collection
Specified by:
toArrayin interface List
Overrides:
toArrayin class AbstractCollection
Returns:
an array containing all of the elements in this lis t in proper sequence
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See Also:
Arrays.asList(Object[])
toArray
public T[] toArray(T[] a)
Returns an array containing all of the elements in this lis t in proper sequence (from first to last element); the
runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array. If the list fits in the specified array, it is returned
therein. Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the specified array and the size of this
list.
If the lis t fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e., the array has more elements than the lis t), the
element in the array immediately following the end of the collection is s et to null. (This is useful in
determining the length of the list onlyif the caller knows that the lis t does not contain any null elem ents.)
Specified by:
toArrayin interface Collection
Specified by:
toArrayin interface List
Overrides:
toArrayin class AbstractCollection
Parameters:
a- the array into which the elements of the list are to be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array
of the same runtime type is al located for this purpose.
Returns:
an array containing the elements of the list
Throws:
ArrayStoreException - if the runtime type of the specified array is not a supertype of the runtime type of
every element in this list
NullPointerException - if the specified array is null
get
public Eget(int index)
Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
Specified by:
getin interface List
Specified by:
getin class AbstractList
Parameters:
index- index of the element to return
Returns:
the element at the specified position in this list
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Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= size())
set
public Eset(int index,
Eelement)
Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with the specified element.
Specified by:
setin interface List
Overrides:
setin class AbstractList
Parameters:
index- index of the element to replace
element- element to be stored at the specified pos ition
Returns:
the element previously at the specified pos ition
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= size())
add
public boolean add(Ee)
Appends the specified elem ent to the end of this lis t.
Specified by:
addin interface Collection
Specified by:
addin interface List
Overrides:
addin class AbstractList
Parameters:
e- element to be appended to this lis t
Returns:
true(as s pecified byCollection.add(E))
add
public void add(int index,
Eelement)
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Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this l ist. Shifts the elem ent currently at that position
(if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
Specified by:
addin interface List
Overrides:
addin class AbstractList
Parameters:
index- index at which the specified element is to be ins erted
element- element to be inserted
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > size())
remove
public Eremove(int index)
Removes the element at the specified posi tion in this lis t. Shifts any subs equent elements to the left
(subtracts one from their indices).
Specified by:
removein interface List
Overrides:
removein class AbstractList
Parameters:
index- the index of the element to be removed
Returns:
the element that was removed from the lis t
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index >= size())
remove
public boolean remove(Objecto)
Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list, if it is present. If the lis t does not contain
the element, it is unchanged. More formally, removes the element with the lowest indexisuch that
(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))(if such an element exists). Returns trueif this lis t
contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this lis t changed as a result of the call).
Specified by:
removein interface Collection
Specified by:
removein interface List
Overrides:
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removein class AbstractCollection
Parameters:
o- element to be removed from this l ist, if present
Returns:
trueif this list contained the specified element
clear
public void clear()
Removes all of the elements from this l is t. The list will be empty after this call returns.
Specified by:
clearin interface Collection
Specified by:
clearin interface List
Overrides:
clearin class AbstractList
addAll
public boolean addAll(Collection
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addAll
public boolean addAll(int index,
Collection
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removeAllin interface Collection
Specified by:
removeAllin interface List
Overrides:
removeAllin class AbstractCollection
Parameters:
c- collection containing elements to be removed from this lis t
Returns:
trueif this l ist changed as a result of the call
Throws:
ClassCastException- if the class of an element of this l ist is incompatible with the specified collection
(optional)
NullPointerException - if this list contains a null element and the specified collection does not permit
null elements (optional), or if the specified collection is null
See Also:
Collection.contains(Object)
retainAll
public boolean retainAll(Collection c)
Retains only the elements in this l ist that are contained in the specified collection. In other words, removes
from this list all of its elements that are not contained in the specified collection.
Specified by:
retainAllin interface Collection
Specified by:
retainAllin interface List
Overrides:
retainAllin class AbstractCollection
Parameters:
c- collection containing elements to be retained in this list
Returns:
trueif this l ist changed as a result of the call
Throws:
ClassCastException- if the class of an element of this l ist is incompatible with the specified collection
(optional)
NullPointerException - if this list contains a null element and the specified collection does not permit
null elements (optional), or if the specified collection is null
See Also:
Collection.contains(Object)
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listIterator
public ListIterator listIterator(int index)
Returns a lis t iterator over the elements in this lis t (in proper sequence), starting at the specified posi tion in
the lis t. The specified index indicates the first element that would be returned by an initial call to next. An
initial call to previouswould return the element with the specified index minus one.
The returned lis t iterator is fail-fast.
Specified by:
listIteratorin interface List
Overrides:
listIteratorin class AbstractList
Parameters:
index- index of the first element to be returned from the lis t iterator (by a call to next)
Returns:
a list iterator over the elements in this lis t (in proper sequence), starting at the specified position in thelist
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the index is out of range (index < 0 || index > size())
listIterator
public ListIterator listIterator()
Returns a lis t iterator over the elements in this lis t (in proper sequence).
The returned lis t iterator is fail-fast.
Specified by:
listIteratorin interface List
Overrides:
listIteratorin class AbstractList
Returns:
a list iterator over the elements in this lis t (in proper sequence)
See Also:
listIterator(int)
iterator
public Iterator iterator()
Returns an iterator over the elements in this lis t in proper sequence.
The returned iterator is fail-fast.
Specified by:
iteratorin interface Iterable
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Specified by:
iteratorin interface Collection
Specified by:
iteratorin interface List
Overrides:
iteratorin class AbstractList
Returns:
an iterator over the elements in this lis t in proper sequence
subList
public List subList(int fromIndex,
int toIndex)
Returns a view of the portion of this lis t between the specifiedfromIndex
, inclusive, andtoIndex
, exclus ive.(If fromIndexand toIndexare equal, the returned list is empty.) The returned list is backed by this lis t, so
non-structural changes in the returned lis t are reflected in this lis t, and vice-versa. The returned lis t supports
all of the optional list operations.
This method eliminates the need for explicit range operations (of the sort that comm only exist for arrays). Any
operation that expects a lis t can be used as a range operation by passing a subList view ins tead of a whole
lis t. For example, the following idiom removes a range of elements from a lis t:
list.subList(from, to).clear();
Similar idioms may be constructed for indexOf(Object)and lastIndexOf(Object) , and all of the
algorithms in the Collectionsclass can be applied to a subLis t.
The semantics of the list returned by this method become undefined i f the backing lis t (i.e., this lis t) is
structurally modifiedin any way other than via the returned list. (Structural modifications are those that
change the size of this lis t, or otherwise perturb it in such a fashion that iterations in progres s may yield
incorrect results.)
Specified by:
subListin interface List
Overrides:
subListin class AbstractList
Parameters:
fromIndex- low endpoint (inclusive) of the subList
toIndex- high endpoint (exclusive) of the subList
Returns:
a view of the specified range within this lis t
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException - if an endpoint index value is out of range (fromIndex < 0 ||
toIndex > size)
IllegalArgumentException - if the endpoint indices are out of order (fromIndex > toIndex)
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