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ARRAYED WAVEGUIDE GRATINGS
-By Shodhan Shetty
ECE-E641
Operation Principle
Free Propagation Regions (FPRs)
Arrayed Waveguides
AWG is a complex optical circuit contained on a glass-silicon wafer about 1 or 2 inches in diameter
Operation Principle (contd ..)
Application of Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction integral to one of the FPRs in an AWG
WR
A( )
Operation Principle (contd..)
Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction integral
Free Spectral Range
x
x
R
nxj
dAR
jxU e
2,
N eff
cFSR l.
2
l =Optical path length difference between adjacent array arms
Here,
Functions
WDM de(multiplexing) [1] OADM [2] Wavelength Routing Signal Processing Dispersion Compensation [3] Optical True-time delay lines [4] Optical Filters [5] Femto-second pulse train generation [6]
Specifications required: Channel Spacing Pass band Shape Adjacent Channel Crosstalk Free Spectral Range
WDM de(multiplexing) and OADM
Optical Filter [7]
Optical Filter (contd.. )
Optical Delay Line [4]
Here, d is distance betweenAntenna Array elements
AWG Chip
Bare AWG chipA packaged Arrayed waveguideGrating optical mux/demux module
References
[1] H. Yamada et al, "Measurement of Phase and Amplitude Error Distributions in Arrayed-Waveguide Grating Multi/Demultiplexers Based on Dispersive
Waveguide", Journal of Lightwave Technol., p.1309 (2000)[2] Y. Tachikawa, Y. Inoue, M.Kawachi, H. Takahashi, and K. Inoue,”Arrayed-
waveguide grating add-drop multiplexer with loop-back optical paths,” Electron. Lett., 1993,29,pp. 2133-2134
[3] Michael Parker, Stuart walker,” Arrayed waveguide gratings, fiber Bragg gratings, and photonic crystals: An Isomorphic Fourier transform light propagation analysis,” IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics, vol. 8, pp. 1158, 2002
[4] B. Vidal et al, “Novel Dispersion-based optical delay line using Arrayed waveguide grating for antenna beamforming applications
[5] K. Okamoto,” Recent progress of integrated optics planar lightwave circuits,” Optical quantum Electron., vol. 31, pp. 107-129,1999
[6] D.E. Leird, A.M. Weiner et al, “Generation of high repetition rate WDM pulse trains from an Arrayed waveguide grating,” IEEE PTL, vol. 13, pp. 221, 2001
[7] Van Thourhaut et al,”Novel Geometry for an Integrated channel Selector,” IEEE Jour. of sel. Topics in Quantum Electronics