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[email protected] 071-8221172
[email protected] 071-8221172
Data- row facts Information - convert to more useful & meaningful form
Data processing is just like making a cake
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Data InformationProcess
Data (row facts)Numbers, words, image, soundEg: List of my friends
Information (Processed data or data has been convert to more useful & meaningful formEg: list can arrange in ascending order (A to Z )
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Data / Instructions
Command /Signal Flow
Block diagramOf computer System
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Input Devises• Keyboard,• Mouse• Light pen• Digital Camera• Scanner• Joy stick• Fingerprint scanner• Touch screen• Magnetic strip reader• Graphic tablets• Microphone • Optical character recognition (OCR)• Video recognition
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Keyboard
Convert letters, numbers and other characters into electronic signals
• 1.Typing keys• 2.Numeric keypad• 3.Function keys• 4.Control keys
QWERTY is the most common modern-day keyboard layout
The name comes from the first six keys appearing on the top left letter row of the keyboard and read from left to right:
Q-W-E-R-T-Y. The QWERTY design is based on a layout created for the typewriter
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Mouse
• Pointing device
1.Ball underneath rolls
2.Laser to sense the motion
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Light pen
Pointing device• Light sensitive pen
like devise ( help to draw )
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Digital Camera
• No film roll• Capturing videos• Photos can directly
move into the
computer without scanning
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Scanner
• Convert text, drawing, photos in to digital form that can
• Stored and edit in computer
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Joy stick
• Joy stick (Pointing device)
• Pointing devise • Help to play video
games
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Fingerprint scanner
Pointing device• Use to scene finger prints for
security reasons , or time attendance
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Touch screen (Pointing device)
Display screen that receives input
• from the touch of a finger( ATM screens in banks)
• (Input and output both)
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Magnetic strip reader
• Used as credit card, railway tickets,
• time attendance, debit cards
trackball
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Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, (MICR)
• MICR codes can be easily read Cheque
numbers
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Optical character recognition,(OCR)
• Optical character recognition, conversion of images of text into characters
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OMR- Optical mark recognition
• Optical mark recognition is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests.( Eg: MCQ
barcode reader (or barcode scanner)
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Graphic tablets (Pointing device)
• Like electronic tracing paper
• Use for CAD
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OUTPUT DEVICES
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MONITOR (Visual Display Unit )• The computer monitor, screen or VDU (Visual
Display Unit) is the most common output device.• Advantages - relatively cheap and reliable,
can display text and graphics in a wide range of colours. They are also quiet and do not waste paper.
• Disadvantages - no permanent copy to keep and unsuitable for users with visual problems.
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CRT
• Less Sharpness than LCD• Takes large space than LCD• Flicker • No limited viewing angle• cheaper than LCD• large energy consumption • when compare with LCD• CRT monitor's response time is negligible
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LCD
• Sharp pictures• Takes very little space( Slim)• Flicker-free screens are easy on the eyes • limited viewing angle• Fairly expensive• Use less energy and generate less heat than
CRTs • Slower response time • (response time is the time it takes for the pixel to
update the colours you see on screen.)
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Speakers and head phones
• Taking sound out of the computer
• Some computer displays have rather basic speakers built-in.
• Laptops come with integrated speakers
impact vs non impact printer
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daisywheel
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CTBM9JELUYQ
• Daisy wheel printing is an impact printing technology invented in 1969
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Dot-Matrix printer
• Less expensive• Noisy• Producing the image
by striking paper through the ribbon
• Low quality print out
• Very slow
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Ink Jet-printer
• Cheaper than laser• Not that noisy• Technology-ink flowing
through the appropriate nozzles.
• Quality than dot matrix
• Faster than dot matrix
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Laser-printer
• Expensive• Very silent in
operation• Work with toners
• Very High quality print outs
• Very fast
plotter
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SECONDARY STORAGE
• Hard Disk
• Floppy Disk
• Optical Disk Storage
• Magnetic tape
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Hard Disk
• non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces
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Hard Disk
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Floppy Disk
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Floppy Disk
• 1.44 Mb• Disk hidden in a plastic jacket
• 5¼-inch (133 mm), and the newest and most common 3½-inch (90 mm)
• Portable
• an outdated medium
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Zip Disks
• Zip disk 100-750Mb
• better than floppy
• portable and removable
• An outdated medium
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Optical Disk Storage
• CD- 650-700MB• DVD-2GB-8GB
• optically written on its surfers
• CDROM-compact disk read only memory
• WORM-write once read only memory• Rewritable CD.
• DVD - Digital video disk /(digital versatile disc)• same dimensions as a CD but stores up to 6 times as much
information
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Magnetic tape
• Similar to audiotapes
• store data in serial manner
• Accessing speed is Low
• Can store very large capacity of data • (used for back ups )
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Main memory
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RAM Random access memory
• Storing programs witch is currently running and data witch is being processed
• Volatile memory
where the information is lost after the power is switched off
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ROM Read only memory• Contents permanently etched into the memory
chip at the manufacturing stage• ROM stands for Read Only Memory, and is a
memory chip which only allows data to be read from it, and will not allow data to be written onto it
• Non Volatile memory
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Cache memory
• Very fast memory, that is use to improve the speed of the PC
• It act as an intermediate store between the CPU and main memory
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Computer Ports
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PS/2 connector
A mini DIN plug containing 6 pins. Developed by IBM for connecting the keyboard (purple ) and mouse (green )
Shape -Round
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Serial Port
A 9-pin D-type connector meeting EIA-232 standard. Possibly used to connect some trackballs, mice, modems and monitors.
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VGA port
the 15-pin plugs and sockets that connect the computer to the monitor.
used to connect a monitor
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USB- Universal Serial Bus
A single USB port can be used to connect up to 127 peripheral devices,
FAST
Plug and Play
Hot plugging /hot swapping
Hot plugging /hot swapping.
• The ability to add and remove devices to a computer while the computer is running and have the operating system automatically recognize the change. Two external bus standards -- Universal Serial Bus (USB ) and IEEE 1394 -- support hot plugging. This is also a feature of PCMCIA.
• Hot plugging is also called hot swapping. [email protected]
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Hardware
• The term hardware describes the physical parts of your computer which you can physically touch or see such as your monitor, case, disk drives, microprocessor and other physical parts.
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Software
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software
• collection of computer programs, procedures and documentation that perform some tasks on a computer system.
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Application Software
• examples of software applications are word processors, spreadsheets, and media players, database applications.
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System software
• System software such as operating systems, which interface with hardware to provide the necessary services for application software,