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ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOLARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGESDEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGESAPPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAMAPPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM

Author:Author: María Augusta Villavicencio AlmeidaMaría Augusta Villavicencio Almeida

Advisors:Advisors: Lic. Marcos MoralesLic. Marcos Morales

Lic. Carlos Espín.Lic. Carlos Espín.

January, 2008January, 2008Quito EcuadorQuito Ecuador

TITLE: The effects of parent's migration on motivation TITLE: The effects of parent's migration on motivation for learning a new language of 6th and 7th grade for learning a new language of 6th and 7th grade

children, at Jorge Escudero Moscoso Public school children, at Jorge Escudero Moscoso Public school during the school year September 2006-June 2007during the school year September 2006-June 2007..

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INDEXINDEX

PART 1 Research Problem: Objectives

PART II Theoretical Frame: Chapters

PART III Methodology

PART IV Graphic representation of the results

PART V Proposal

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PART ONEPART ONE1. Research problem1. Research problem

1.1 Problem Identification:1.1 Problem Identification:

• The immigration wave in Ecuador after the serious The immigration wave in Ecuador after the serious economic crisis in 1999 and the political economic crisis in 1999 and the political uncertainty has given rise to an important group of uncertainty has given rise to an important group of students: the children of immigrating families. students: the children of immigrating families.

• The conflicting role in these children as The conflicting role in these children as consequence of the lack of support and consequence of the lack of support and development in the educational system.development in the educational system.

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1.2 Problem Setting:1.2 Problem Setting:

Parents migration affect the children education. Parents migration affect the children education. Parents migration is enough cause to have a low Parents migration is enough cause to have a low

motivation and performance in school.motivation and performance in school.1.3 Objectives1.3 Objectives- General: General: - To study the causes of migration and its effects in To study the causes of migration and its effects in

the Ecuadorian educative system and other fields.the Ecuadorian educative system and other fields.- To analyze the degree of motivation at school for To analyze the degree of motivation at school for

learning a new language in children of the 6th and learning a new language in children of the 6th and 7th grade.7th grade.

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- Specific Objectives:Specific Objectives:

To analyze the family crisis after 1999, and the economical To analyze the family crisis after 1999, and the economical and political uncertainty of Ecuadorand political uncertainty of Ecuador

To determine in the children, the level of interest to study To determine in the children, the level of interest to study the English Language and how to improve the learning in the English Language and how to improve the learning in the English class.the English class.

To study the use of remittances and the children's attitude.To study the use of remittances and the children's attitude.

To make the proposal based on the methodology To make the proposal based on the methodology and strategies for learningand strategies for learning

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After observing the emigrational After observing the emigrational phenomenon in general, and after phenomenon in general, and after analyzing the reasons because Ecuadorians analyzing the reasons because Ecuadorians have to emigrate, we must identify and have to emigrate, we must identify and analyzing the lack of enthusiasm for analyzing the lack of enthusiasm for learning, take into account the environment learning, take into account the environment where the children develop and the where the children develop and the education system in Ecuador, to find the education system in Ecuador, to find the appropriate methodologies in order to appropriate methodologies in order to improve this behavior.improve this behavior.

1.4 Justification:1.4 Justification:

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PART TWOPART TWO Chapter IChapter I

1.1 Social consequences, causes and incidence of Parents 1.1 Social consequences, causes and incidence of Parents migration.migration.

The decision to move from one country to another The decision to move from one country to another have enabled people to survive.have enabled people to survive.

In Ecuador the migration showed a remarkable peak In Ecuador the migration showed a remarkable peak at the beginning of the 1990`s. In 1998 it turned into at the beginning of the 1990`s. In 1998 it turned into an explosion. (around a half of million of Ecuadorian)an explosion. (around a half of million of Ecuadorian)

This research work shows the situation of children This research work shows the situation of children who belong to lower class status and how migration is who belong to lower class status and how migration is affecting the educational environment in the country.affecting the educational environment in the country.

1.1.1. Historical Background1.1.1. Historical BackgroundMigration wavesMigration waves1.1.2 Migrants Destination 1.1.2 Migrants Destination USA, Spain, Italy. (32%, 45%,13%)USA, Spain, Italy. (32%, 45%,13%)

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1.1.3 Migration Status1.1.3 Migration Status

INEC INEC shows us the following numbers:shows us the following numbers: 7%7% of homes have one or more members abroad. of homes have one or more members abroad.10%10% of population have left the country ( 1.500 million). of population have left the country ( 1.500 million).

52%52% left their children in the country in the last decade. left their children in the country in the last decade.Migration level have been lower since 2002. Migration level have been lower since 2002. (migration laws)(migration laws)

Statistics in QuitoStatistics in Quito: more than 81.000 people emigrated : more than 81.000 people emigrated since 1996-2001since 1996-200141%41% Father /mother who had migrated have left children Father /mother who had migrated have left children under the care of grandparents; under the care of grandparents; 11%11% left them alone at home. left them alone at home.3%3% left their children with another guardian left their children with another guardian48.7%48.7% of migrants from Quito were woman; of migrants from Quito were woman; 23.7 %23.7 % were considered poorwere considered poor

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The Migration decision.-The Migration decision.- ““What does Migration represent for you, a victory What does Migration represent for you, a victory

or a fail? or a fail? Migration: main strategy for survival and means of Migration: main strategy for survival and means of searching a worthy life. Reasons to migrate.. searching a worthy life. Reasons to migrate.. Family disorganization.Family disorganization.

1.1.5 Low Scholar Performance1.1.5 Low Scholar PerformanceEcuador’s quality of education is one of the lowest among Latin Ecuador’s quality of education is one of the lowest among Latin

American countries. Lack of government investment in American countries. Lack of government investment in education, and consequently the well remunerated education, and consequently the well remunerated employment.employment.

Student desertion: 18% 2001-2002. Student desertion: 18% 2001-2002. Repetition indexes 6% urban area; 13% rural area. Repetition indexes 6% urban area; 13% rural area. Joining Gangs.- Lack of parental control have inclined to use Joining Gangs.- Lack of parental control have inclined to use

alcohol, drugs, lechery as a tendency to look for refuge.alcohol, drugs, lechery as a tendency to look for refuge.

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1.2 Economical Impacts1.2 Economical Impacts

Ecuador experienced the quickest impoverishment in the history of Latin America (1995 – 2000). The consequence: massive unemployment and underemployment, & reduction of the social investments, among others.

Factors of dramatic situation:Natural order, Economic order, Political order.

1.2.3 The Remittances & Education1.2.3 The Remittances & Education•The remittances grew up to 7 and 8 % of Ecuador GIP (2000-2002), being the 2nd. biggest support to the economic budget. •A million Ecuadorians receive remittances coming mainly from Spain 44% and USA 38%

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Uses of remittances: 61% to daily expenses17% for superfluous expenses or luxuries22% dedicated to long term investments:(8% to investments, 8 % savings, 4% to purchase of properties, only 2% for education)

1.3 Political Issues1.3 Political Issues Governmental policies

The Migration, Communication and Development Plan has been to second debate in the former National Congress, so it will be reviewed in the Constituent Meeting (Asamblea Constituyente). In the current government, the Migrant's National Secretary has been created as an important element in the policies to be implemented, specially oriented to the family gathering.

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Chapter IIChapter IIDegree of school motivationDegree of school motivation

Parents absence:Parents absence:Children's security at homeChildren's security at homeFree timeFree timeLack of control at children's houseLack of control at children's houseHomework supervisionHomework supervisionAcademic performanceAcademic performanceChildren maltreatmentChildren maltreatmentTeachers’ role in children motivationTeachers’ role in children motivationEducators’ points of view of migration effectsEducators’ points of view of migration effectsChildren's education responsibilityChildren's education responsibility

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Chapter IIIChapter IIIPParents absence in motivation at schoolarents absence in motivation at school

Remittances in the children’s attitude *Remittances in the children’s attitude * Use of remittancesUse of remittances A child learns to be oneselfA child learns to be oneself

Gangs influence in childrenGangs influence in children Teachers role in the student desertionTeachers role in the student desertion Motivation of learning a new language Motivation of learning a new language

In a foreign country; In the native countryIn a foreign country; In the native country Protection Policies for children's migrants Protection Policies for children's migrants Atmosphere improvement inside Atmosphere improvement inside

institutionsinstitutions

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PART THREEPART THREEMethodological designMethodological design

Research type and designResearch type and design

Population and SampleEight and seventh year students from Jorge Escudero Moscoso Public Elementary School.Population: 110Sample: 40

Instruments for data collection: Survey : QuestionaireTestObservation: Observation guide

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Survey made to parents and Teachers of 6th and 7th gradeSurvey made to parents and Teachers of 6th and 7th grade

1. Do you have relatives abroad?

95 % Yes

2.How many students have their parents abroad ?

PART FOURPART FOUR4.1 Graphical Exposition and Analysis of 4.1 Graphical Exposition and Analysis of

resultsresults

2. Kids w hose parents have emigrated

students12%

nobody88%

Do you have relatives abroad?

95%

5%yes

no

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3. Which of your relatives is abroad?

4. How long ago did your relatives go abroad?

Which of your relatives is abroad ?

father26%

mother16%siblings, other

23%

nobody35%

how long ago they went abroad ?

1

2

2

1

5

2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

one year

2 years

3 years

4 years

5 years

10 years

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5. Who take care of Children ?

6. Do the children like to go to school ?

100% yes

7. Would you like to learn English ?

97 % yes

Do you like or would like to learn English?

yes I like97%

No, I dont like3%

Who take care of Children

mother62%

father15%

grandparents23%

neighbors0%

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8. Which subject do you like the most?

9. Why would you like to learn9. Why would you like to learn English ?English ?

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

y

subjects which students like the most

Math

Language

Science

Social Studies

English

Computing

Music

Draw ing

X Y %Math 9 14Language 9 14Science 11 17Social Studies 7 11English 4 6Computing 14 22Music 3 5Drawing 7 11total 64 100

To know other languages. 8%

It is necessary. 20%

To comunicate with foreigner people. 13%

To guide tourists. 8%

To travel to other

countries. 17%

Job requirement.

13%

To have scholarship oportunities.

13%

To emigrate. 8%

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11. How is the relationship between teachers and children whose parents have migrated?

How is the teacher behaviour with migrants' children ?

normal35%

ignore them25%

very good15%

good25%

normal ignore them very good good

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Methods and MaterialsMethods and MaterialsUsed at Jorge Escudero SchoolUsed at Jorge Escudero School

The teacher uses the board, colors, book and copybook.The teacher uses the board, colors, book and copybook.

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Part VPart VProposalProposal

General Objective: General Objective: •Teaching and practicing English to children who may have Teaching and practicing English to children who may have learning difficulties or other additional educational needs. learning difficulties or other additional educational needs.

Specific Objectives:Specific Objectives:•Make easier, fun and interesting to children the learning of Make easier, fun and interesting to children the learning of English language.English language.•Provide teaching strategies for the institution and the Provide teaching strategies for the institution and the classroom.classroom.•Prepare didactic material to develop activities through the Prepare didactic material to develop activities through the chosenchosen Methodology.Methodology.•To make extra curricular activities to encourage students to To make extra curricular activities to encourage students to learn English.learn English.

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Methodology:Methodology:1.1. English Learning circles English Learning circles

Goal: communicate each other, using English, it is often difficult to Goal: communicate each other, using English, it is often difficult to overcome. We must motivate children to do so in a classroom overcome. We must motivate children to do so in a classroom environment.environment.

real life activitiesreal life activities communicate their own communicate their own ideas: produce a magazineideas: produce a magazine

ClubsClubsGroupGroup invite a native speaker visitor to invite a native speaker visitor to

talk about any subject.talk about any subject.Prepare a talk for othersPrepare a talk for others

create tasks for each other:create tasks for each other:

They can choose an interesting textThey can choose an interesting text

In or out of classIn or out of class

They will improve their reading and listening skills.They will improve their reading and listening skills.

Teacher take the role of a support rather than controller.Teacher take the role of a support rather than controller.

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2.Video and young learners2.Video and young learnersGoal .- The idea is to show that language learning is a happy Goal .- The idea is to show that language learning is a happy experience, and video creates an attractive enjoyable learning experience, and video creates an attractive enjoyable learning environment.environment.

way of study body language way of study body language Videos Videos Children get more confidence through repetition – Children get more confidence through repetition – absorption & absorption & imitation.imitation.

Communicates meaning better than other mediaCommunicates meaning better than other mediaRepresents a positive exploitation of technologyRepresents a positive exploitation of technologyTypes ( animation, cartoons; educational, tv Types ( animation, cartoons; educational, tv advertisements, music video clips, )advertisements, music video clips, )

Criteria for selecting video: interesting, completeness, length, Criteria for selecting video: interesting, completeness, length, content, level of maturity. The video's quality is important like: content, level of maturity. The video's quality is important like: visual, sound, speech clarity and easier to understand.visual, sound, speech clarity and easier to understand.Children will improve listening skills.Children will improve listening skills.

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3. Total Physical Response TPR3. Total Physical Response TPR Goal.- Learn English like the way that children learn their Goal.- Learn English like the way that children learn their mother tongue. mother tongue.

It attempts to do same in the classroom. It is adapted for all It attempts to do same in the classroom. It is adapted for all teaching situations.teaching situations.

It is very memorable. It can be used in large or small classes; It It is very memorable. It can be used in large or small classes; It doesn't require a lot of preparation or materialsdoesn't require a lot of preparation or materials

It is very effective with teenagers and young learnersIt is very effective with teenagers and young learners

It involves left and right brained learning.It involves left and right brained learning.

When to use itWhen to use itTo teach and practice: Vocabulary connected with actions..eg. To teach and practice: Vocabulary connected with actions..eg. smile, chop; Tenses past/present/future.smile, chop; Tenses past/present/future.Classroom language: Imperatives / instructions….close your Classroom language: Imperatives / instructions….close your eyes.eyes.It can be a successful and fun way of changing the dynamicsIt can be a successful and fun way of changing the dynamics

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4. Arts and crafts with young learners4. Arts and crafts with young learners

Goal.- Learning English through making crafts and arts, It can Goal.- Learning English through making crafts and arts, It can be an excellent way to facilitate language learning with young be an excellent way to facilitate language learning with young learners.learners.

•Students work in groups on a projectStudents work in groups on a project•Include cross curricular activitiesInclude cross curricular activities•Getting children to produce art work for competitionGetting children to produce art work for competition•It is useful for recycling languageIt is useful for recycling language

Arts and crafts in the English classroom covers a wide area Arts and crafts in the English classroom covers a wide area from simple activities such as cut and paste to more from simple activities such as cut and paste to more complicated projects.complicated projects.

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4.4 Conclusions4.4 Conclusions ““Any migrant’s child can be considered neither absolutely successfulAny migrant’s child can be considered neither absolutely successful nor destined to fail. This thesis allows us to get some conclusions:nor destined to fail. This thesis allows us to get some conclusions:

1) 1) The emotional impact can last long time.The emotional impact can last long time.2)2) The school performance patron in children is similarThe school performance patron in children is similar3)3) Parents migration may have a positive scholar performances:Parents migration may have a positive scholar performances:• Children appreciate the school more.Children appreciate the school more.• Children have to organize their homework and tasks by themselves.Children have to organize their homework and tasks by themselves.• Parents send money to improve their life quality. Parents send money to improve their life quality.

The key to explain the relative successful or the relative fail, The key to explain the relative successful or the relative fail, is the person is the person who cares Childrenwho cares Children and the commitment from the parents with children and the commitment from the parents with children education and the family economy.education and the family economy.

This thesis expects to delete the wrong idea that migrants` childrenThis thesis expects to delete the wrong idea that migrants` childrenare hard to deal with, showing to the whole society, that migrants’ children are hard to deal with, showing to the whole society, that migrants’ children must be treatedmust be treated like any other else. like any other else.

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RecomendationsRecomendations The Ecuadorian State must establish a better budget and resources to

improve the quality of teaching.

The Ecuadorian State ought to adopt efficient educational measures to eradicate any type of behaviors that discriminate children, as well as guarantee the elaboration of school texts which do not reinforce the socially and traditionally assigned stereotypes.

Children without parents need extra motivation on doing all kind of chores, they do not have parents who support their studies, in many cases they do not obey their tutors, so the only chance we have to develop a positive attitude toward learning in this case English, is by using adequate methodologies recommended in this thesis, which motivate and stimulate children senses.

Schools should create spaces like “task Class”

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Thanks for attending this Thanks for attending this presentation !presentation !