ARKANSAS GEOLOGY COLORING & ACTIVITY BOOK...rock formations in steep anticlines and synclines with igneous intrusions. The dominant rock types found here are sandstone, shale, novaculite,

ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Illustrations by Camille Gernhart, Je�rey Huddleston, and Sherrie Shepherd

ARKANSAS GEOLOGY

COLORING & ACTIVITY

BOOK

STATE OF ARKANSASAsa Hutchinson, Governor

ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEYBekki White, Director and State Geologist

COMMISSIONERS

Dr. Richard Cohoon, Chariman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Russellville

William Willis, Vice Chairman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hot Springs

Ken Fritsche. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Greenwood

William Cains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lamar

Quin Baber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Benton

David Lumbert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Maumelle

Maryln Looney. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Leachville

ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019

MissionOur mission is to serve the people of Arkansas by providing geological information in order to

develop and enable e�ective management of the State’s mineral, fossil fuel, and water resources while protecting the environment.

SURVEY

AR

KA

NSAS GEOLO

GIC

AL


IGNEOUS ROCK

METAMORPHIC ROCK

SEDIMENTARYROCK

MAGMASEDIMENT

Hea

t &P

ress

ure

Heat &Pressure

Mel

ting

Mel

ting

Coo

ling

Weath

ering

Weathering

Weatheri

ng

Com

paction


Precambrian(Not exposed in Arkansas)

CambrianOrdovician

Silurian

Devonian

Mississippian

Pennsylvanian

PermianTriassic

Jurassic

Cretaceous

Quaternary

540

484

444

419

359

323

299

252

201

145

66

2.6 MillionYears Ago

Earth Formed 4.5 billion years ago

(Not exposed in Arkansas)



Explosion of Life

Gigantic Extinction

Big, Big Extinction Cen

ozoi

cP

aleo

zoic

Mes

ozoi

c

ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019Geologic Time Scale 2012, v. 4.0, Geological Society of America

Neogene

Paleogene23

ERA PERIOD

State Mineral

QUARTZQuartz is the most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust. Quartz is used in electronics and

glass-making as well as a lot of other things!


(SiO2)

State Gem


(C)DIAMOND

Diamonds are the hardest natural substance on Earth! They make beautiful jewlery and useful tools. They can cut anything! Arkansas is home to Crater of Diamonds State Park, the

only diamond mine in the world open to the public!

State Rock

BAUXITEBauxite is a unique sedimentary rock. It is a primary aluminum ore. We use aluminum to produce

cans, airplanes, chip sacks, vehicle parts, and other aluminum products.


State D

inosaur

In 2017, the Arkansas G

eneral Assem

bly named

Arkansaurus fridayi the o�cal State D

inosaur. Foot bones from

the dinosaur were discovered by M

r. Friday in 1972 near Lockesburg, A

rkansas. Scientists recreated what the

dinosaur may have looked like based on the foot bones of

similar know

n dinosaurs. Arkansaurus fridayi lived in A

rkansas during the Early Cretaceous Period, about 113 m

illion years ago. It was about 8 feet tall and likely a sw

ift hunter that preyed on sm

all animals, insects, and eggs.

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L H E I O U A C H I T A S H J H G C M E K O AA J O E R Z Y I U T R E S F O S S I L S L MM S A O I P A F N T U I O M N C H Z I P O A G C GP Q U Y T B O R U E A R T H Q U A K E S W L O A YO T Y D I A M V K P L F O W O G L S J T N G L KR J D I F U J E L S T D N E F J E K E O O E E XI K E N W X D K A O L I N O T H D J V K N P A RT R K O O I L B A D D O K J E O C A G A K L DE D J S K T L S H G T D K S L A C F I Y E TT N D A R E I P I S T J E H V U D M C T C MA K D U T L E J D D K I T E L L T J I I SO G E R T H D N Y B M G S I E P G N N LT H Y O D K A O Q U A R T Z L E E U TL O R P U S B M C J R E B N E Y F Z N

O P S S H F N B E N O T S E M I LG K Y U R O G J M F P E I T N N HO D I A M O N D S L N U T R A C B

Arkansas Geology Word Search

Search for the words below related to Arkansas geology in the above diagram. The words may read forward, backward, across, down, or diagonally.

BAUXITE LEADCAVES LIMESTONEDIAMONDS NOVACULITEDINOSAUR OUACHITASEARTHQUAKES OZARKSFOSSILS SANDSTONEGALENA SHALEGYPSUM SYENITEKAOLIN QUARTZLAMPROITE ZINC


Arkansas is divided into �ve physiographic provinces. A physiographic province is an area in which all parts are similar in geologic structure. These provinces are the Ozark Plateaus, the Arkansas River Valley, the Ouachita Mountains, the West Gulf Coastal Plain, and the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain. Each province has a unique geologic story.


Ozark PlateausValley

Pla

in

Arkansas Physiographic Provinces

The Ozark Plateaus Province is divided into three plateaus: Salem, Spring�eld, and Boston Mountain. These plateaus create a beautiful landscape with �at topped hills and deep valleys with clear �owing rivers and streams. These are not true mountains though. The rock below is mostly horizontal indicating that the relief was created from streams cutting down through the rock. The dominant rock types found are sandstone, limestone, dolostone, shale, and chert. This province has an abundance of caves, springs, rivers, and lakes making it a popular outdoor destination.


Ozark PlateausArkansas Physiographic Provinces

Cave systems and other karst features, such as

sinkholes, are comm

on in the Ozarks of northern

Arkansas. In caves, as depicted here, stalactites, stalagm

ites, and columns are found. These

features form as w

ater �ows through the rock

and drip from the roof of the cave to the �oor

depositing calcite rock called travertine.

Stalagmites

Stalactites

Column

Soda Straws

Drape

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During the Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian Periods Arkansas was covered by a

shallow sea. Brachiopods, crinoids, corals, trilobites, and nautiloids were abundant, creating a rich and diverse environment

throughout all three of the geologic periods.

Crinoid

Nautiloid

coral

Trilobite

brachiopods

Star�sh


The River Valley Province is home to the Arkansas River and the state’s highest peak, Mount Magazine. The province is characterized by gently folded rock formations and broad anticlines and synclines. The most common rock types found here are sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Fossil fuels are an important industry in this province. Coal has been mined and natural gas has been produced here o� and on over the past 150 years.



Durin

g th

e Pen

nsylv

ania

n Pe

riod

in A

rkan

sas,

larg

e sw

amps

dom

inat

ed

wha

t is n

ow th

e Ark

ansa

s Rive

r Val

ley.

Larg

e tre

es ca

lled

Lyco

pods

tow

ered

up

to 1

30

feet

abov

e the

swam

py g

roun

d. D

rago

n�ie

s with

win

gspa

ns o

ver 2

feet

wid

e and

ce

ntip

edes

6 fe

et lo

ng w

ere c

omm

on. D

urin

g th

is pe

riod,

the O

uach

ita M

ount

ains

wer

e be

ing

form

ed.

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Arkansas Fossil Crossword Puzzle

Across

Down

Use the following list of fossils to complete the puzzle:

amberammonoidcoprolitecoralcrinoiddinosaurdungfossilsgastropodsgraptolitemammothmosasaurnautiloidoystersharkstar�shstromatolitestrilobitetracesworm trails

O

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15 17

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

15. Fossilized tree sap.

11. These marine creatures can create reefs.13. Arkansas contains fossils and modern snails from this group.

17. An eight foot long fossil of this cephalod was found in Fayetteville.


2. These fossils formed from blue-green algae or cyanobacteria.4. This animal has a 3 lobed exoskeleton and is the oldest fossil in Arkansas.6. This fossil has been called a “sea lily” even though it is not a plant.

8. Teeth from this large swimming predator can be discovered.10. Teeth from this ice-age mammal have been discovered.12. These trace fossils are abundant in the rocks.13. This fossil resembles pencil marks and is found in shales in the Ouachita Mountains.14. The remains of once living organisms.16. Tracks and trails are these types of fossils.

1. Fossilized scat.3. This large marine reptile swam in the Cretaceous seas.5. This bivalve was attached to the sea�oor and may have contained a pearl.7. This animal created a star-shaped trace fossil.9. Terrible lizard.


The Ouachita Mountain Province is the smallest, but boasts some of our state’s greatest claims to fame! It is home to Hot Springs National Park, one of the �rst national parks. This province also has some of the most beautiful hiking trails and pristine rivers in the state. Mining is also common in the Ouachita Mountains. Among these mined resources are numerous quartz mines open to the public where anyone can mine their own quartz crystals! The province is characterized by tightly folded and faulted rock formations in steep anticlines and synclines with igneous intrusions. The dominant rock types found here are sandstone, shale, novaculite, and chert.


Hot SpringsNational Park

Est. 1832

22

9

10

12 11

13

174

8

3

14

18

20

1

2

65

7

16

15

10

12 11


ACROSS

DOWN1.3.5.

7.

9.

11.

13.

15.

17. "Terrible lizard" found near Lockesburg, AR.

The principal ore of aluminum.A clay used to make ceramics and cosmetics.An often fossiliferous rock used as crushed stone.

Mineral from the Ouachita Mountains used in electronics and to make glass.

Once mined extensively in the Arkansas River Valley as a source of heat.The age of rocks in southwestern Arkansas where dinosaur fossils have been found.

The oldest age of rocks in the Ozark Plateaus.The material that caps the southern portion of Crowley's Ridge.

2.

4.

6.

8.

10.12.14.16.18.20.

22.

The principal ore of lead.Hilly region in the northern part of our state.An igneous rock, similar to granite, used to make shingles.

Region in eastern Arkansas that contains Crowley’s Ridge.The remains of once living organisms.

A soft variety of limestone that can be used to make cement.Famous ridge in the Mississippi Embayment of eastern Arkansas.Abundant sedimentary rock in Arkansas made up of 85-90% quartz.A siliceous sedimentary rock from the Ouachitas used as a whetstone.Gemstones found near Murfreesboro.

Mountain range in the west-central part of Arkansas.

Use the following list of words to complete the puzzle:

Bauxite DiamondsChalk GalenaQuartz CoalKaolin LoessQuachita LimestoneSyenite CretaceousNovaculite OzarkDinosaurs FossilsOrdovician SandstoneCrowley’s Ridge CretaceousMississippi Embayment

Arkansas Geology Crossword Puzzle

22

9

10

12 11

13

174

8

3

14

18

20

1

2

65

7

16

15

10

12 11


ACROSS

DOWN1.3.5.

7.

9.

11.

13.

15.

17. "Terrible lizard" found near Lockesburg, AR.

The principal ore of aluminum.A clay used to make ceramics and cosmetics.An often fossiliferous rock used as crushed stone.

Mineral from the Ouachita Mountains used in electronics and to make glass.

Once mined extensively in the Arkansas River Valley as a source of heat.The age of rocks in southwestern Arkansas where dinosaur fossils have been found.

The oldest age of rocks in the Ozark Plateaus.The material that caps the southern portion of Crowley's Ridge.

2.

4.

6.

8.

10.12.14.16.18.20.

22.

The principal ore of lead.Hilly region in the northern part of our state.An igneous rock, similar to granite, used to make shingles.

Region in eastern Arkansas that contains Crowley’s Ridge.The remains of once living organisms.

A soft variety of limestone that can be used to make cement.Famous ridge in the Mississippi Embayment of eastern Arkansas.Abundant sedimentary rock in Arkansas made up of 85-90% quartz.A siliceous sedimentary rock from the Ouachitas used as a whetstone.Gemstones found near Murfreesboro.

Mountain range in the west-central part of Arkansas.

Use the following list of words to complete the puzzle:

Bauxite DiamondsChalk GalenaQuartz CoalKaolin LoessQuachita LimestoneSyenite CretaceousNovaculite OzarkDinosaurs FossilsOrdovician SandstoneCrowley’s Ridge CretaceousMississippi Embayment

Arkansas Geology Crossword Puzzle Arkansas Physiographic Provinces

The West Gulf Coastal Plain Province contains Crater of Diamonds State Park and holds evidence that dinosaurs once walked across Arkansas’s Cretaceous shoreline. Foot bones from our State Dinosaur, Arkansaurus fridayi were discovered here, as well as footprints from other dinosaurs. Many marine fossils can be found here as well, including shark teeth! Our State Rock, bauxite, was mined in this province along with crude oil and natural gas. The West Gulf Coastal Plain is characterized by fairly �at-lying rock formations and sediment deposited in terraces. The dominant rock types found here are marl, clay, chalk, sandstone, and limestone. The most common sediments are sand, gravel, and clay.


West Gulf Coastal Plain

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In 1986 and 2011, dinosaur trackways w

ere discovered in H

oward County, A

rkansas. The trackways included

footprints from both large, long-necked dinosaurs called

sauropods and large, three-toed dinosaurs called theropods. In A

rkansas, it is believed that the sauropod tracks belonged to a giant herbivore from

the genus Astrodon, related to Brachiosaurus. The tracks indicate that it

was being stalked by the carnivorous theropod,

Acrocanthosaurus along the ancestral muddy shoreline of

an Early Cretaceous sea.

L C E O U G C T A S H G C M EA O O E R Z A I U T R E S F O S S I L S

I A G M S A R I P S F N T U I O M N C H Z Q P O G C GK B C T P Q U Y A B T R Q E B I V A L V E K E S W Y O A Y

S E C A R T D I L R V K P L F O M O G C S J T N S L KJ Q M R J D I F U O E L N T D N M E J G K E A O T R XC R I N O I D W X P K A O F I N O C H D J U K N E M R

W D A R P O R I O B F D D N K T H O C T G A K R DU E M J S K T D S X O T O K H I A I J L Y E TB T N M A Q E D P Y T B S E H N L D I N T C M

A K D O T L E N D S K A G E O L T Y I I SG E R N H D N Y A O U S I I U K N N L

Y O D O A O Q M A R D Z D S R U TT R I L O B I T E N J Y ES S H D N B E N O T S E B

G K Y U R O G J M F P E I T M N HS L E A F I M P R I N T U T R A C B Z

Arkansas Fossil Word Search

Search for the words below related to Arkansas geology in the above diagram. The words may read forward, backward, across, down, or diagonally.

MASTODON LEAF IMPRINTCORAL OYSTERTRILOBITE DINOSAURMAMMOTH FOSSILSBIVALVE AMBERNAUTILOID TRACESAMMONOID GASTROPODECHINOID CRINOID


Mosasaurs w

ere marine

reptiles found in southern Arkansas that dom

inated the warm

, shallow seas

during the late Cretaceous Period, 66 to

87 million years ago. They w

ere a dom

inant predator and ate smaller

mosasaurs, am

monites, fish, and other

sea creatures. They could grow to be 50

feet long!

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Follo

win

g th

e m

ass

extin

ctio

n at

th

e Cr

etac

eous

-Pal

eoge

ne

boun

dary

, sou

ther

n A

rkan

sas

was

ho

me

to o

ne o

f the

ear

liest

m

egas

hark

s, O

todu

s, w

ho h

ad a

n av

erag

e le

ngth

of 2

7 fe

et. S

and

Tige

r sha

rks,

exin

ct g

oblin

sha

rks,

and

rays

als

o ca

lled

Ark

ansa

s ho

me.

By

the

begi

nnin

g of

the

Neo

gene

Per

iod,

the

shal

low

sea

re

cede

d an

d A

rkan

sas

bega

n to

ta

ke o

n an

app

eara

nce

sim

ilar t

o w

hat w

e se

e to

day.



Mississippi RiverAlluvial Plain

The Mississippi River Alluvial Plain is the largest province and is bound by the Mississippi River to the east. Other rivers and streams wind their way through this province on their way to the Mississippi River. The province is dominated by �at-lying sediment of sand, silt, and clay. The most prominent feature of this province is Crowley’s Ridge, which stands 250-550 feet above the alluvial plain. The Ridge is capped by loess, wind-blown silt or dust created by the glaciers to the north during the last ice age. Many di�erent species of extinct animals, such as the Columbian Mam-moth and the Giant Sloth from the last ice age are found in this province.

The Mississippi River Alluvial Plain province also contains the New Madrid Seismic Zone which runs from eastern Arkansas into Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Illinois. This fault zone is the most seismically active area in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. It produces more than 200 small earthquakes per year!

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The

Ice

Age

took

pla

ce d

urin

g th

e Pl

eist

ocen

e Ep

och

of th

e Q

uate

rnar

y Pe

riod

that

end

ed a

ppro

xim

atel

y 11

,000

ye

ars

ago.

The

con

tinen

tal g

laci

er th

at

cove

red

mos

t of N

orth

Am

eric

a on

ly

exte

nded

as

far s

outh

as

cent

ral M

isso

uri.

Dur

ing

that

tim

e th

e cl

imat

e in

Ark

ansa

s w

as d

rier a

nd c

oole

r tha

n it

is n

ow. T

he

land

was

dom

inat

ed b

y ex

trem

ely

larg

e m

amm

als

such

as

the

Colu

mbi

an

Mam

mot

h, th

e G

iant

Slo

th, a

nd th

e sh

ort-

face

d be

ar. M

asto

dons

als

o liv

ed

in A

rkan

sas

durin

g th

is ti

me.

The

y w

ere

smal

ler t

han

the

grea

t C

olum

bia

n M

amm

oths

that

roam

ed

the

sam

e la

nd. T

hey

wer

e up

to 9

feet

ta

ll an

d w

eigh

ed u

p to

12

tons

. The

y ar

e re

late

d to

the

mod

ern-

day

elep

hant

. Man

y of

the

anim

als

that

live

d th

en a

re n

ow e

xtin

ct in

clud

ing

mas

todo

ns.

Arkansas Earthquakes Word Search

Search for the words below related to earthquakes in Arkansas in the above diagram. The words may read forward, backward, across, down, or diagonally.

FAULT FOCUSDAMAGE LIQUEFACTIONHAZARD NEW MADRIDSHAKING ENERGYEARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDEFISSURE RICHTER SCALESEISMOLOGIST SEISMOGRAPH


D D N K F Z L T D T Y V W D U Y S Q I NP X R L B S C B T S I G O L O M S I E SD C L A E U T J I X L R I K S N L P S TI O A N Z G X I C L I Y D H O Z G X F UR E G A M A D E I C G Q N T U S P W A ED Q J I P N H S H R Q A O U X A U F B KA Z Z C B R J T E C P Z I N W J M M U AM A Z N W X E N X O I K T T I B S B V UW H Y Z D R E B B U E Z C Q F E N M L QE G R M S O N W A W U P A G K O R A F HN W H C N U K Z T S M P F K V B U Z J TO O A V D M C X D Y H H E T D B B E D RX L N O O S Q O Q K O Z U M L O D O S AE Y Q N U M G C F Z G P Q B R U I N Y EH H P A R G O M S I E S I Z T S A N O WH F I S S U R E T C L Y L I F X R F V BA B W W L W Z E U P Y W N I C L Z Y I AB N H G X B B Z C U G G F S R V L W F FE K S H A K I N G D A K S J S T P W P IV R K V C V H P B M R Q G M B I V E Q N

Gia

nt g

roun

d slo

ths a

nd sa

ber-t

ooth

ed c

ats

roam

ed A

rkan

sas d

urin

g th

e Pl

eist

ocen

e Ep

och.

Th

ese

sloth

s sto

od u

p to

10

feet

tall

and

wei

ghed

as

muc

h as

2,0

00 p

ound

s. Th

eir b

ones

hav

e be

en

foun

d in

gra

vel b

ars a

long

the

Miss

issip

pi R

iver

. Bo

nes o

f sab

er-to

othe

d ca

ts h

ave

been

foun

d in

se

vera

l cav

es in

nor

ther

n Ar

kans

as.

ARKA

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Geologic Hazards Crossword


1 2

3

8

5

6

10

7

4

9

11

12

13

Across

Use the following list of words to complete the puzzle:AFtershockDamageEarthquakeFaultHazardLandslideLiquefactionMagnitudeNew MadridShakingSeismographSeismologistSinkhole

1. What are the "small ground shakes" that occur after an earthquake?4. An instrument used to measure the intensity of an earthquake.5. A hole created when the surface of the ground collapses revealing an underground void. 7. When sandy sediment is shaken and turned into a liquid-like substance.8. Another word for the trembling or vibrating of the ground.11. A break in rock where movement has occurred.12. The fault zone located in Eastern Arkansas.13. Harm caused to something as to lower its value, usefulness, or function.

Down2. When the earth shakes from movement along a fault.3. A scientist that studies earthquakes.7. The sliding down of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cli�.9. A geologic condition capable of causing damage.10. A measure of size or strength of seismic waves generated by an earthquake.

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Arkansas Geological SurveyVardelle Parham Geology Center

3815 West Roosevelt RoadLittle Rock, AR 72204

Phone: 501-296-1877 | Fax: 501-663-7360Business Hours: Monday - Friday 8:00am - 4:30pm

http://www.geology.arkansas.gov

Documents

ARKANSAS GEOLOGY COLORING & ACTIVITY BOOK...rock formations in steep anticlines and synclines with igneous intrusions. The dominant rock types found here are sandstone, shale, novaculite,