Aristotle and Maimonides on Virtue and Natural Law Jonathan Jacobs

8/3/2019 Aristotle and Maimonides on Virtue and Natural Law Jonathan Jacobs

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A: Tis essay examines connections between two related clusters o issues. Terst set concerns undamental matters o moral psychology and moral epistemology astreated by Aristotle and Maimonides. It explicates crucial diferences in their conceptionso sel-determination, virtue, the plasticity o character, and moral knowledge. Te sec-ond cluster o issues concerns natural law. Are there grounds or regarding Maimonidesunderstanding o Judaism as involving elements o natural law? How are we to under-stand the relationship between natural law and reasons or the commandments? Whatwould be the merits o Judaism having a natural law dimension, and how should thatdimension be characterized? I suggest respects in which Maimonidean moral thought(and Jewish moral thought more generally) indicates an approach to underwriting theobjective validity and universal applicability o moral thought without involving naturallaw elements. Tis connects the question o natural law with issues o moral psychologyand epistemology in the earlier portions o the essay.

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48 Aristotle and Maimonides on Virtue and Natural Law


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42 ., p. 132.43 ., p. 137.



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46 S y h S: P H h Mkg MP, Hebraic Political Studies 1:3 Spg 2006, pp. 328342.

47 v Nvk, N L, Hh, h v, N. L . N, ., Contemporary Jewish Ethics and Morality N Yk: xvy P, 1995, p. 48.

48 Aq, S.., Q. 91, . 2.



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49 Nvk, N L, Hh, h v, p. 51. g.50 ., p. 52.51 v Nvk, Natural Law in Judaism N Yk: g vy P,

1998, p. 123.52 ., p. 177.53 ., p. 72. g.54 ., p. 119.55 ., p. 147.



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Sy A, 1976, p. 147.

73 M, Guide, 2:40, p. 382.



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k h h p v y hh v p, hh h g h h h v h, h, pp gy, y g . N k pp g h

g h v v h p , h hy g p v-y p g v v y h y v jg hgh h vp h v v. v h v hg kh synderesis T hy, x vp, h py gy vv. T h hg; g h g k h hg y v h,

h h , h v.80 N h- p h, . h y p y v pp y p v h p q x .

A pv g h p J h h h hp hg Nvk k

79 ., pp. 189190.80 F g Aq hy , py

j, J , J : Aq H L My,Monist, Aq 1974, pp. 86103. g h pp, hgh g pp p , vy gz hh pp hgh v -; h, hy policies p. 91. H xp h pp h v h pp , h y pp, h v hh p p g p p p. 94. A y h primary pp hh p-

py v; h y pp, hh v hgh y g p, y vy h h h h -g p p. 94. h h h T p p y y pp, hy pp py g v h k -p g . h p, g h h M v h. .



26/32


27/32

p pp h h v h. A v, hy pp . Mv, h yh G -

y. Ph y q y hNh , k h, hv h h , h ph, y h g p. g h hpp , h h y g v py yg hg gp . h h h v g xp g

hzg, g hzg, h y p.S S, G, H, xp.A, h q g, h :

Y h hy h hg p y : h -v g. L hvg gg y g ph; h h y h h h h h h p.86

v h v, h , h p y hv y. T p, M v, , hp xp hy h h hG h p h Nh becausehy G h g G h .

h g h , v Jh h,y h ph hv . T y jg h T h k h qv h pp g. 87 h x hg g, k h p h T h k y h pgy v h jg- hh y . My v h hp logical h hp , , p.T p h p h

h , h h h kg g h y h h g . h p h T h

86 ., p. 17.87 ., p. 20.



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ky q so sure h h k vy k , h p g hgh. A gh y h h y h h

y h h hh - h p. 88

M , M v, h v. h :

M pp y h y - h g vy , , kh pg y. y h p, h -

. T h gy p, h gz h,pgy, v g q hhechra hadaat y .89 [Hechrahadaat y h , v - h .]

A v, v, h y M h -, , hgh y , h pv, y g .

ypy, hy xp vy hhgh p h pp gh p h g hgh pp h y y gh pp g y v p , v h vv telos h . vy , , -, h y h h. F , Aq p - hgh g hpgy

g p y, h Gg hgh h y v g g. M hpgy -g y h vv gg p.gy . y p y vy - h h y. vy hgh jvy. T , hvg jv , h , h hv v ppy.

h v h v y gy, h g p hh h p

88 ., p. 21.89 ., p. 20.



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ppy h hh pp gh h h h telos; - v, g; h K,

, ppyg y hgha priori pp gh . hgh h y h p v, - jv, v. p v v h h y A p , hh -jv g hgh gp v pp.T y h g pp gh , hy hgh p x

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h , jg g h h jvy hgh h h -

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T h p h h .M A g h gy p- h hgh h . p p vpg v pp

hgh g g , jg, y h h h. h g why h h y h vpg h h vp h. F h h gg h , h pv g h , hy v y h . hp hh g h h g h -. F h h q v, hjv h vpg p -

g h hy v, v gy h p.

A g vp h v , pp,y, jg h g h p h h g h h



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h g. T p x h jvy vy h . phy . h g

g h y y h yp . Y h vg ppy h g , , g h y p -, . h h py ghp g k h h pp pp, h, y.T p g

h ph h.T h p y h v hh p A h. y hg. T p A jg h yh pp v gz h ph h v y , h h , . FA, h jg p vy.P h k hgh g -ph jv h h hgh gp

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gg pp px. hzg, h h hzg h py A jvy, h v, h, h qy - xp yhg h q natural law.Mv, h v h H h v- y hy. F hg, h y hy k y v, hy with G rom G. T v-

S q gy pz pp,hgh g h v, h pp q v g h v h p.

M A h g ph p - h , . Ty



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pgy, hy h p h p. hy p h h h. T y hh x-p h gvg

h L h H h q h v g M h hgh qy g jv vy v jg, hgh hy jv v y .

onclusion

p h h q hh J

hh M hk , h h h k g, v Jh h hgh. A p xp - h q x y. hkh y h J , q hvg v h g. T p, y, h y p p h, hgh h h vg. q h v h

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M h g v hg h h v

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hy p J k h v x h g. h p, h M -g y h g g h.

F M, pg h p p hpj pg h . T pj h g



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v h h p; h p h gh pv- j. [S]h h Jg h h jy?G 18:25. h g, h J p,

p, hgh h g p v- v.

T ky Ah p j zhp A A p - pyhgy h . p, h h vy h v h hy q, h v vy - , h gg.

T ky J h p h p M h Jh h h h g g. T h vp h h y hh hghy pz v, v y xp p h p, h h h ; h p h g p human being, j x J. T kg v G h h vy -z j h h hpp hv

hg. T p p y p z.

g vy


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Aristotle and Maimonides on Virtue and Natural Law Jonathan Jacobs