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ARIGA’S STAKEHOLDER PRELIMINARY RESULTS SHARING
WORKSHOP
CETRAD’S SOCIAL SURVEY ANALYSIS MAY 26TH 2014
World Agroforestry Centre (WAC), NAIROBI Sarah Ogalleh & Alex Oduor
Data collecPon clusters • Cluster 1: Gotu springs: near the Ewaso Ngiro River . The spring is protected by fence (Isiolo county)
• Cluster 2: Kubikalo, Kom, Dimatho, Biliqo, Biliqo marara, Bulesa, Goda, Malkafunan, MerG (Isiolo County)
• Cluster 3: Malkagala, Basa (Isiolo County)
• Cluster 4: Modogash (remote urban seIng) (Wajir County)
• Cluster 5: Habaswein: (Habaswein township-‐ considered urban seIng) (Wajir County)
• Cluster 6: Wajir: urban seIng (Wajir County)
• *Cluster 7: Dadaab: refugee camp (not visited) (Garissa County)
Data collecPon clusters
METHODOLOGY
METHODS
• Household surveys (HH) (Total: 151)
• Expert Interviews (Total: 4)
• Key informant Interviews (KI) (Total: 30); WV:16, RWC: 2
• Focus group discussions (FGDs) (Total: 8)
ParPcipant ObservaPon, informal interviews
HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS • Targeted households from every cluster, closed quesGons (QuanGtaGve data), & open ended quesGons (QualitaGve data).
• Language of communicaGon – Swahili, Somali & Borana
Key informant interviews Targeted the local leaders, local water service providers’ leadership, county leadership, development organizaGons (local and internaGonal NGOs); Water vendors, random water collectors
Focus group discussions (FGDs) • Mostly aVended by 15-‐35 persons per meeGng in all the sites
• Language of communicaGon – English, Kiswahili, Borana, Somali (with the help of a translator in different sites)
Expert Interviews • Targeted the water ministers – at county levels, water experts – formerly at district levels – water engineers
PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Are households aware of the MerG Wajir Water Pipeline project, & where was the informaGon sourced?
Yes 32%
No 68%
Are you aware of the Government plan to develop the MerP-‐Wajir Water pipeline project?
68
16
3
1
6
3
1
1
2
1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Have never goVen any of the informaGon
From other people /neighbours/friends
From friends in Wajir
RelaGves living in town
Wajir community radio/Star FM
From Habaswein people
From NGOs
Colleague
From a poliGcian(county rep)
Government officers
Percentage (%)
Source of informaPon about the MerP Wajir Water Pipeline Project
Understanding of the MerG Wajir Water Pipeline Project
30
25
3
1
8
6
1
1
1
2
10
1
1
1
11
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Total lack of understanding of the project -‐ no previous info
It is a good project/plan and very beneficial to all of us
Heard that it will have sufficient water for domesGc, livestock and agricultural use
It will be a soluGon to the exisGng challenges in Wajir if implemented
Water will be used for sewage system in Wajir
Worthy investment which will lead to developments
Don’t think whether the investment is possible for now
There is an effort by government to address water shortage in Wajir County
It is an underground river that will sustain the community water for 100 years
We need to know purpose / objecGve of the project; otherwise this will be a waste of government resources
The water from merG will be piped to wajir for use
It is a disadvantage because it may affect our water sources
Water will be piped to meat factory in Wajir
no informaGon, we need capacity building for the project
No comment/response
Percentage (%)
People's understanding of the investment plans of the MerP-‐Wajir Water pipeline project
Who supports, who opposes, to what extent?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
I strongly support it
I somewhat support it
I do not support it nor oppose it
I somewhat oppose it
I strongly oppose it
Missing
Percen
t (%) p
er cluster
Respondent's opinion
Opinions over the MerP Wajir Water Pipeline Project
Cluster1 (Gotu)
Cluster2 (MerG)
Cluster3 (Basa)
Cluster4 (Modogash)
Cluster5 (Habaswein) Cluster6 (Wajir)
KEY
Categories of Supporters/Opposers
• High Interest – in favour of the MerG Wajir Water Pipeline project
• High interest – opposed to the project
• Low interest – neutral to the project
• Do not know/In doubt/unsure due to lack of informaGon
Overview of reasons for supporPng or opposing the project (summary)
20
8
4
11
1
9
2
15
5
1
1
1
1
3
10
2
5
1
3
Due to its importance(development Project) 'maji ni uhai'
I have liVle informaGon and I don’t think the project can happen.
We need it because of the water crisis we have experienced
The idea is good and beneficial
It is not a priority; other issues like digging borehole for moving pastoralists
Because I don’t know about it. I need more informaGon about it
Community need water to invest in agriculture
People will get sufficient water / fresh water
The government might not actualize it.(fake promises)
There is plenty of water in the region
We will get permanent homes we are Gred of moving from place to place
Does not concern him because he is a pastoralist
It will lead to developing wajir because many projects have stalled due to lack of
Is not in our territory
It doesn’t have any impact/will not benefit
It will help neighbouring communiGes
Fears that there might be shortage if merG water is used in Wajir
Government should actualize it
no response
0 5 10 15 20 25 Percentage (%)
A) High interest – in favour of the project
• The Wajir County Government –
• The governor, • the water minister • County commissioner • Local leadership in Wajir,
Habaswein, Modogash • NGO’s especially CRS,
CARITAS, Pastoral organizaGon in Wajir, ADESO-‐Isiolo,
• Majority of Wajir community
Reasons for posiPon – WASH -‐water sanitaGon and
health will be enhanced -‐ dignity of people of Wajir –
now using bucket toilets -‐ PoliGcal mileage (not
menGoned, may be a good reason for support)
2
1
1
3
1
1
9
1
1
1
78
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
There must be , but I do not know them
I hope so but I don’t know them
So many because they need the project to pick up
It is a beneficial project
It will be important to agriculture ( give room for farming and water livestock)
It paves way for improved sanitaGon
People are in dire need of water
Because there is sufficient water
Wajir town chief
Area Member of NaGonal Assembly(MNA)
no response given
Percentage (%)
Reasons for supporPng the project
What would make those supporGng change their minds?
9
37
5
2
4
1
5
1
5
1
1
3
1
25
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Do not know
no given condiGon
I don’t know but I don’t think I can oppose
If is given to corrupt people who embezzle projects money
If it requires residents to contribute money towards the project.
If they impose high bills
If we ask to contribute money
If it will lead to unemployment for those involved in water business
If it brings community conflict
If it will help only one tribe/town to benefit
If many people oppose it , I will oppose for it will be bad
If we will not benefit from it
Take too long to kick off
no response given
Percentage (%)
CondiPons under which those supporPng the project will oppose it
B) High interest: Opposed to the project Persons/InsPtuPons • Jiko la Akina mama women
group (Habaswein) – very powerful and vigilant
• Community in Habaswein,
Dimatho, Biliqo, Bulesa
Reasons for posiPon • Sustainability of the water
over the years
• ‘….We do not have any water, if there is any water underground, we should have it first. I understand that Wajir people have some salty water, at least they have some water, we don’t have any!...’
45
23
3
2
1
4
5
1
1
6
1
3
8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
No expected disadvantage from the proposed project
Do not know
May be is so expensive to maintain /run (fuel)
It may take long/let half way
People may oppose the project
If they impose a fee for some people cannot afford to pay.
Drying of wells( Borehole)
It will interfere with underground piping that requires to pass through people’s plots
Water vendors will lose market
It may be poliGcized hence sparking violence/conflict
Water may not be enough to supply the whole Wajir county
Water shortage in merG if we share with Wajir
no response given
Percentage (%)
PotenPal reasons for opposiPon of MerP-‐Wajir pipeline to community
8
16
1
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
65
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
do not know
If we are consulted and educated more about the project
It is only benefiGng Wajir
If it will provide enough water for irrigaGon and watering animals and other uses that may arise
If it will be affordable to the poorest in Wajir county and also accessible to all
If we will also be beneficiaries
If water basin underground is sufficient for this water supply
If meat industry will be established in Habaswein
IrrigaGon will be put in place in Habaswein
If water will be free
no response
Percentage (%)
CondiPons under which those opposing the project will support it
C) Low interest: Neutral • A few Individual
community members from Wajir (‘..why would they give us ‘their’ water, let us look for our own water’)
• Some of the community members at Gotu springs (“…if our chief has said its ok to take water to Wajir, I don’t have a problem…he has said it!”) (Gotu female household interviewee, April 2014)
Reasons for posiPon • Need for exploraGon of other alternaGves for water sourcing other than the MerG Wajir Water Pipeline Project – ‘independence sort of feeling’
• Local leadership voice support
• The project will not affect them
D) Do not know/In doubt/unsure due to lack of informaPon
Individual/community • Gotu local leadership • CommuniGes from Malkagalla, Bulesa, Basa
• Community in MerG
Reasons for the posiPon • ‘We don’t know if the
water is taken to Wajir, it will affect our spring/our boreholes, if it will not, then we support, if it does, then we don’t support it, but we do not have informaIon to help us make that decision’
• ‘We want informaIon to be able to decide if we support or not!’
• Demand for payment for meeGng aVendance in some places.
• The poor road network • CommunicaGon barriers • AcclimaGzaGon related challenges – weather, food that caused many of the team members to get sick
• Project names issues – ‘MerG Wajir water pipeline’ versus ‘Wajir project’ versus ‘Habaswein project’
Challenges
Conclusions • The proposed project of MerG Wajir Water Pipeline Project is not known to majority of the persons in the 6 sites we visited. Out of the 6 clusters, only Wajir and Habaswein are well informed, but then for the wrong reasons.
• The other sites : MerG, Malkagala, Bulesa, Goda, Biliqo, Basa, Gotu are not aware of the project. Very few from these areas are aware of the project, but through ‘word of mouth’ & other unreliable sources.
Conclusions • The power of the local leadership to change the percepGons of the people about the project – but it will take at least 6 months of in-‐depth negoGaGon
• The biggest obstacles to the project could be the Habaswein Community, mostly – Jiko la akina mama women group. Men from Habaswein and local leadership are not enGrely against the project, and can be easily convinced to support the project with good reasons
Conclusions • ‘Could it be a pipe dream?’ The proposiGon to explore other sources of water for Wajir, other than the MerG Wajir Water pipeline project can be mostly associated with doubt that the MerG Wajir Water Pipeline project will ever be ‘realized’.
Acknowledgements • Local communiGes from Wajir,
Habaswein, Modogash, Isiolo, MerG, Basa,Malkagalla, Bulesa, Goda, Malkafnan
• The local leadership – chiefs & sub-‐chiefs from the various clusters
• The water service providers – MerG, Basa, Bulesa
• Senator (Wajir), MP-‐ Diriiye, Eng. Mohamed, Water Minister-‐ Wajir & others
• ICRAF & CETRAD ARIGA staff • The Research & data entry team:
Shamsa, Fahriya, AbdifaVah, Jillo, Abdi, Alex & Sarah, Dickson and Mercy
The end
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION J
QuesIons, comments are
welcome