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IntroductionGases and Vacuum are used in hospitals for
therapeutic purposesThe gases used in hospitals are
Medical GasesOxygenNitrous Oxide
Compressed airVacuum
IntroductionCentralized gas and vacuum supply service
is a modern system of piped supply of medical gases from a central storage area called manifold room to all delivery points in hospital
It provides a very efficient, economical and highly dependable life support service
Makes better patient care in all the areas of hospital
FunctionsSupply of right medical gases at right
pressureSupply of compressed air at right pressureSupply of clinical vacuum at right pressureProper planned maintenance of all
equipments, including distribution networkOptimum level of cleanliness and pollution
free environmentPrevention of hazards such as fire, explosion
or contamination of gases supplied
ComponentsSource of supply: Central supply room with
control equipments and panelsDistribution system: piping Point of use delivery connections: Suitable
station outlet valves and pendantsMonitoring and control equipment and
alarms
Manifold RoomConsists of a cylinder manifold and a
control panelManifold can be of 2 banks of 2 cylinders
each or 2 banks of 20 cylinders eachControl panel: primary and secondary
pressure regulators; warning lampPressure gauges
Manifold RoomVacuum Unit
Vacuum pump with an electric motorCylindrical reservoir tank: stabilizes the
pressure of the pipeline system at all outlet points
Motor has switch for automatic start and stopVacuum pumps are duplexed
Manifold RoomCompressed air unit
Compressor with electric motor, after cooler, air receiver and air dryer
Instantly provides compressed air Compressor are duplexed
Manifold RoomPrimary supply Secondary supply when primary supply is
exhaustedPrimary and secondary provides normal
operating supplyWhen operating supply fails, a reserve
supply takes over
Manifold RoomIn case of breakdown of control panel of
oxygen and nitrous oxide, an emergency kit ensures supply of gas through the pipes
Emergency kit comprises a regulator and high pressure tubing to a bulk cylinder and the gas is fed directly to the pipeline through a service outlet
In case the vacuum and air supply system fails, a standby motor-cum-pump is used to provide uninterrupted supply
Manifold RoomHalf of the total daily consumption of oxygen
and nitrous oxide is kept in the manifold room as reserve
Oxygen and nitrous oxide should be stored seperately from flammable gases and liquids
Storage location should be free of combustible materials
If exceeding 2,000 cubic feet storage should be outside the building
Must have generator backup, adequate ventilation, lighting and telephone communication
Advantages of Centralized Medical Gas SystemFor the patients
No distressing sight of oxygen cylinders at the bedside
Elimination of irritating noise from movement of cylinders
Protection of contamination due to movement of cylinders
Uninterrupted and clean supply at desired location
Advantages of Centralized Medical Gas SystemFor Hospital Staff
Instant availability of gas on tapsClean, safe and reliable delivery of gasesContinuous flow of gases when and where
requiredMinimal accident hazards due to mishandling
of cylinders
Advantages of Centralized Medical Gas SystemFor Hospital Administrator
Easy purchase of gases in bulk quantities at favourable terms
Economy on purchase of cylindersFewer breakagesRationalization in ordering, storing and
transporting a wide variety and size of gas cylinders
Minimum damage to building due to handling of cylinders
OxygenIncreased demand of oxygenMay be supplied from a bulk tank or from
cylindersCan be stored as gas or liquidOxygen containers may be stationary or
movable
Oxygen and Nitrous OxideBulk oxygen system: assemblage of
equipment such as oxygen containers, pressure regulators, safety devices, vaporizer, manifolds and interconnecting piping with a storage capacity of more than 20,000 cu ft of oxygen including reserves
The system terminates at the point where oxygen first enters the supply line at service pressure
VacuumUsed for patient draining, aspiration and
suctionAlso used in hospital laboratoryDistributed through network of pipesCentral vacuum supply system with control
equipments, an alarm and pipingThe piping terminates with outlet valves at
user points
VacuumCentral vacuum consists of two (or more)
vacuum pumps that operate either simultaneously or alternately
Each pump should be capable of maintaining 75% of calculated demand during peak time
The pumps should alternate automaticallyPumps should be equipped with a motor
starting device and overload protectionFailure of one vacuum should not affect
other
Compressed AirCompressed air is used for both medical
and non-medical puposesMedical use – Laboratory work, inhalation
therapy equipment and powering of surgical tools
Non-medical use – maintain tools and equipments and in engineering department
Compressed AirShould be free of dust and moistureDone by means of oil filters, dust filters,
moisture seperator and the dryer at equipment level
Separate dryer for air compressor systemIf compressed air not used properly, it can
damage equipment and contaminate chemicals, food and drugs
PipesShould be seamless type, non-ferrous, non-
arsenic, of high quality copper tubingShould be protected against physical
damage and corrosionExposed oxygen pipelines should not be
installed in areas like kitchen, laundry and rooms where combustible materials are stored
Colour coded as per the gas content
PipesBefore pipes are erected, all pipes, tubes and
fittings should be cleaned thoroughly and washed with tetrachloride
Pipes should be blown clear using oil-free air or nitrogen
When whole system is in place, it should be subjected to a test pressure of 150 psi or 1 ½ times the working pressure for 24 hours to check, if it can withstand the pressure as well as leakages
This test, called pressure lock is done section by section
Terminal unitsGas outlets / vacuum inlet unitsConnected to source equipment through
the distribution systemLocated at actual usage pointOutlets should be gas specific and non-
interchangeableFitted with locking system and non-return
valves
Location and spaceGround floor in rear part Near maintenance areaSeperate enclosure for full cylinders, empty
cylinders, compressed air, vacuum supplyNo fire hazardCompresor unit in sound proof areaLiquid oxygen area shall be cordoned off
StaffingNo specific normsTotal 6 technicians (including supervisors
and 25% leave relief)Under chief engineer
Quality IndicatorsNumber of complaints of malfunctioning,
from the usersCorrectness of pressure level in the oxygen,
nitrous oxide and compressed air pipelineCorrectness of negative pressure in the
vacuum lineBacteriological culture of the gases and the
air deliveredLeakage at the outlet pointsFunctioning of audio-visual alarm system