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Standards
• (8W1) Write arguments to support claims
• (8RI6) Determine author’s point of view or purpose/
Analyze response to conflicting evidence or
viewpoints
• (8RI8) Delineate, evaluate, and assess arguments for
soundness of reasons and relevance of evidence/
Recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced
Learning Objective
• I can develop arguments to support a claim.
• I can determine a writer’s point-of-view or purpose.
• I can evaluate and assess arguments and the relevance of evidence.
What are the Terms Used for Argument
Writing?• Argument –a statement that someone
believes is or should be true.
• Claim – what the arguer is trying to prove
• Counter-claim – expresses the opposite point of view.
• Rebuttal – to prove something is false by using arguments or evidence
What are the Characteristics of Argument Writing?
• Convinces reader claim is true
• Uses evidence—facts and data
• Acknowledges counterclaims—the other side of the argument
How do you Describe an Effective Claim?
• Takes a clear position
• Is narrow enough to be supported within essay
• Can be supported by facts or citations from a text
What are the Different Types of Claims?
• Cause and effect—a person, thing, or event caused something else to happen
• Example: Rikki Tikki Tavi’s victory over the snakes was the result of his natural abilities as a mongoose, rather than his desire to protect the people in the cottage.
What are the Different Types of Claims?
• Claims of definition or fact—argue what a definition is or if something is really a fact
• Example: In the story, “Gift of the Magi,” by O. Henry, the two characters provide an outstanding illustration what what foolish is.
What are the Different Types of Claims?
• Claims about values —argue the worth of something and if it is valued.
• While Perrault’s “Cinderella” is an interesting story, it is a second-rate story when compared to Grimm’s Cinderella version.
What are the Different Types of Claims?
• Claims about solutions or policies —argue for or against certain approaches to problems.
• Example: The Capulets have their daughter’s well-being in mind when they follow tradition and make arrangements for her to marry Paris.
How do you Address the Counterclaim?
• Refutes or proves wrong, another point
• Recognizes the other side’s points
• Lends credence (belief or acceptance) to the writer’s claims