Area 51 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

8/7/2019 Area 51 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1/11

51 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51[2011/3/27 10:18:37]

Area 51

Area 51

This satellite image of Area 51 shows dry

Groom Lakejust northeast of the site.

IATA :none ICAO: KXTA

Summary

Ai rpor t type Military

Owner United States Governm

Operator United States Air Force

Locat ion Southern Nevada, Unite

States

Elevat ion AMSL 4462 ft / 1360 m

Coordinates 371406N

1154840W

Runways

Di rec t ion Lengt h Surfac e

f t m

14L/32R 12,000 3,658 Asphalt

12/30 5,420 1,652 Asphalt

09L/27R 11,440 3,489 Salt

09R/27L 11,440 3,489 Salt

03L/21R 10,030 3,057 Salt

03R/21L 10,030 3,057 Salt

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the U.S. Air Force installation in Nevada. For other uses, seeArea 51

(disambiguation).

Area 51 is a military base, and a remote detachment of

Edwards Air Force Base. It is located in the southern

portion of Nevada in the western United States, 83 miles

(133 km) north-northwest of downtown Las Vegas.

Situated at its center, on the southern shore of Groom

Lake, is a large military airfield. The base's primary

purpose is to support development and testing of

experimental aircraft and weapons systems. [1][2]

The base lies within the United States Air Force's vast

Nevada Test and Training Range. Although the facilities

at the range are managed by the 99th Air Base Wing at

Nellis Air Force Base, the Groom facility appears to be

run as an adjunct of the Air Force Flight Test Center

(AFFTC) at Edwards Air Force Base in the Mojave

Desert, around 186 miles (300 km) southwest of Groom,

and as such the base is known as Air Force Flight Test

Center (Detachment 3).[3][4]

Though the name Area 51 is used in official CIA

documentation,[5 ] other names used for the facility

include Dreamland, Paradise Ranch,[6][7]Home Base,

Watertown Strip, Groom Lake,[8 ] and most recently

Homey A i rport .[9 ] The area is part of the Nellis

Military Operations Area, and the restricted airspace

around the field is referred to as (R-4808N), [10] known

by the military pilots in the area as "The Box" or "the

Container".[11]

The intense secrecy surrounding the base, the very

existence of which the U.S. government barely

acknowledges, has made it the frequent subject of

conspiracy theoriesand a central component to

unidentified flying object (UFO) folklore.[7][12]

Contents [hide]

1 Geography

2 Operations at Groom Lake

2.1 U-2 program

2.2 The OXCART program

Read View source View history

Log in / create acc

Article Discussion

Main page

Contents

Featured content

Current events

Random article

Donate to Wikipedia

Interaction

Help

About Wikipedia

Community portalRecent changes

Contact Wikipedia

Toolbox

Print/export

Languages

eskyCymraeg

Dansk

Deutsch

Eesti

Espaol

Esperanto

Euskara

Franais

Hrvatski

Bahasa Indonesia

Italiano

Lietuvi

Magyar

Bahasa Melayu

Nederlands

Search
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groom_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groom_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association_airport_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association_airport_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization_airport_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Above_mean_sea_levelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_systemhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Area_51&params=37_14_06_N_115_48_40_W_type:airporthttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Area_51&params=37_14_06_N_115_48_40_W_type:airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runway#Orientation_and_dimensionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groom_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groom_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Test_and_Training_Rangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99th_Air_Base_Winghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellis_Air_Force_Basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Flight_Test_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojave_Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojave_Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Operations_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Operations_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted_airspacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidentified_flying_objecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Area_51&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Area_51&action=historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Area_51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Area_51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Contentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Featured_contenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_eventshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Randomhttp://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Special:Landingcheck?landing_page=WMFJA085&language=en&utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=20101204SB002http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Abouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_ushttp://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_51http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_51http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardal_51http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rea_51http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areo_51http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/51_eremuahttp://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_51http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/51%EA%B5%AC%EC%97%ADhttp://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podru%C4%8Dje_51http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_51http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/51-oji_zonahttp://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/51-es_k%C3%B6rzethttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Pagehttp://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/51-es_k%C3%B6rzethttp://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/51-oji_zonahttp://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_51http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podru%C4%8Dje_51http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/51%EA%B5%AC%EC%97%ADhttp://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_51http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/51_eremuahttp://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areo_51http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rea_51http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardal_51http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_51http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_ushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Abouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contentshttp://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Special:Landingcheck?landing_page=WMFJA085&language=en&utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=20101204SB002http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Randomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_eventshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Featured_contenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Contentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Area_51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Area_51http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Area_51http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Area_51&action=historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Area_51&action=historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Area_51&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Area_51&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidentified_flying_objecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted_airspacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Operations_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojave_Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojave_Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Flight_Test_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellis_Air_Force_Basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99th_Air_Base_Winghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Test_and_Training_Rangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groom_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groom_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runway#Orientation_and_dimensionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runwayhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Area_51&params=37_14_06_N_115_48_40_W_type:airporthttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Area_51&params=37_14_06_N_115_48_40_W_type:airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Above_mean_sea_levelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization_airport_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association_airport_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groom_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wfm_area_51_landsat_geocover_2000.jpg


2/11



14R/32L 23,270 7,093 Closed2.3 Have Blue/F-117 program

2.4 Later operations

3 Runways

4 U.S. government's positions on Area 51

4.1 Environmental lawsuit

4.2 1974 Skylab photography

5 UFO and other conspiracy theories concerning Area 51

6 Portrayal in media and popular culture

7 See also

8 References

9 External links

Area 51 shares a border with the Yucca Flat region of th

Nevada Test Site (NTS), the location of 739 of the 928

nuclear tests conducted by the United States Departmen

Energy at NTS.[13] The Yucca Mountain nuclear waste

repository is 44 miles (71 km) southwest of Groom Lake

The same "Area xx" naming scheme is used for other p

of the Nevada Test Site.[14][15]

The original 6-

by-10 mile (10 by

16 km)

rectangular base is now part of the so-called "Groom box",

a 23-by-25.3 mile (37 by 40.7 km) rectangular area of

restricted airspace. The area is connected to the internal

NTS road network, with paved roads leading south to

Mercury and west to Yucca Flat. Leading northeast from

the lake, the wide and well-maintained Groom Lake Road

runs through a pass in the Jumbled Hills. The road

formerly led to mines in the Groom basin, but has been

improved since their closure. Its winding course runs past a security checkpoint, but the restricted

area around the base extends further east. After leaving the restricted area, Groom Lake Road

descends eastward to the floor of the Tikaboo Valley, passing the dirt-road entrances to several

small ranches, before converging with State Route 375, the "Extraterrestrial Highway",[16] south o

Rachel.

Groom Lake is not a conventional airbase, as frontline units are not normally deployed there. It

instead appears to be used during the development, testing, and training phases for new aircraft.

Once these aircraft have been approved by the United States Air Forceor other agencies such as

the CIA, operation of that aircraft is generally conducted from a normal air force base.

Soviet spy satellites obtained photographs of the Groom Lake area during the height of the Cold

War, and later civilian satellites produced detailed images of the base and its surroundings. These

images support only modest conclusions about the base, depicting a nondescript base, long airstri

hangars and the lake.

Geography

Map showing Area 51, NAFR, and the

NTS

Nevada Test Range topographic chart

centered on Groom Lake

Operations at Groom Lake

U-2 program

Norsk (bokml)

Polski

Portugus

Romn

Shqip

Simple English

Slovenina / Srpski

Srpskohrvatski /

Suomi

Svenska

Trke
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yucca_Flathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Test_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repositoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repositoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_State_Route_375http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_State_Route_375http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIAhttp://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A251http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strefa_51http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rea_51http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_51http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_51http://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_51http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82_51http://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_51http://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_51http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/51._B%C3%B6lgehttp://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_51http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/51%E5%8C%BAhttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/51%E5%8C%BAhttp://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_51http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/51._B%C3%B6lgehttp://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_51http://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_51http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82_51http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_51http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_51http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_51http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rea_51http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strefa_51http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A251http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NevadaTestRange_4808A.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wfm_area51_map_en.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wfm_area51_map_en.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_State_Route_375http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repositoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repositoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Test_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yucca_Flat


3/11



Main article:Lockheed U-2

Groom Lake was used for bombing and artillery practice during

World War II, but was then abandoned until April 1955, when it was

selected by Lockheed's Skunk Worksteam as the ideal location to

test the forthcoming U-2 spy plane.[17][18] The lakebed made an

ideal strip from which they could operate the troublesome test

aircraft, and the Emigrant Valley's mountain ranges and the NTS

perimeter protected the test site from prying eyes and outside

interference.

Lockheed constructed a makeshift base at the location, then known

as Site II or "The Ranch", consisting of little more than a few

shelters, workshops and trailer homes in which to house its small

team. In only three months a 5,000-foot (1,500 m) runway was

constructed[17] and was servicable by July 1955. The Ranch

received its first U-2 delivery on July 24, 1955 from Burbank on a

C-124 Globemaster II cargo plane, accompanied by Lockheed

technicians on a Douglas DC-3.[17] The first U-2 lifted off from Groom on August 4, 1955. A U-2

fleet under the control of the CIAbegan overflights of Sovietterritory by mid-1956.

During this period, the NTS continued to perform a series of atmospheric nuclear explosions. U-2

operations throughout 1957 were frequently disrupted by the Plumbbob series of atomic tests, whi

detonated over two-dozen devices at the NTS. The Plumbbob-Hoodexplosion on July 5 scattered

fallout across Groom and forced a temporary evacuation.

Main articles:Lockheed A-12andSR-71 Blackbird

Even before U-2 development was complete, Lockheed

began work on its successor as part of the CIA's OXCART

project, involving the A-12, a Mach-3 high altitudereconnaissance aircraft a later variant of which became

the famed USAF SR-71 Blackbird. This aircraft flight

characteristics and maintenance requirements forced a

massive expansion of facilities and runways at Groom Lake

in 1960 since the aircraft required an 8,000-foot (2,400 m)

runway and additional infrastructure.[19] The main runway

was lengthened from 5,000 to 8,500 ft (1,500 to 2,600 m)

in autumn 1960.[19] Preparations began for the arrival of

OXCART in early 1962: the FAA agreed to close off airspace around Groom Lake, security was

greatly enhanced, and the small civilian mine in the Groom basin was closed. The facility received

eight F-101s for training, two T-33s for proficiency flying, a C-130 for cargo transport, a U-3A for

administrative purposes, a helicopter for search and rescue, and a Cessna-180 for liaison use, an

Lockheed provided an F-104 chase plane. [19] The first OXCART was covertly trucked to the base

February 1962, assembled, and it made its first flight 26 April 1962. At the time, the base boasted

complement of over 1,000 personnel. It had fueling tanks, a control tower, and a baseball diamond

Groom saw the first flight of most major Blackbird variants: A-12, the abortive YF-12 interceptor

variant, and the D-21 Blackbird-based droneproject. The A-12 would remain at Groom Lake until

1968 and occasionally deployed to other United States bases overseas. [5 ] The SR-71 Blackbird, b

contrast, first flew at Palmdale, California in December 1964, and Palmdale and Edwards AFB serv

as the primary operation sites for that model until Beale Air Force Basebecame active in early 19

Satellite view of Area 51 from

1968

The OXCART progr am

A-12 during radar testing at Groom Lake
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_U-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunk_Workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunk_Workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_U-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-124_Globemaster_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Plumbbobhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Plumbbobhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Plumbbobhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fallouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_A-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SR-71_Blackbirdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_A-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconnaissancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SR-71_Blackbirdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_YF-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_D-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beale_Air_Force_Basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beale_Air_Force_Basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A12radartesting.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Area_51_28_August_1968_6.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beale_Air_Force_Basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_D-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_YF-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SR-71_Blackbirdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconnaissancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_A-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SR-71_Blackbirdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_A-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fallouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Plumbbobhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Plumbbobhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-124_Globemaster_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_U-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunk_Workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_U-2


4/11



Main article:Lockheed Have Blue

The Lockheed Have Blue prototype stealth fighter (a smaller proof-of-concept model of the F-117

Nighthawk) first flew at Groom in December 1977. [20] Testing of a series of ultra-secret prototypes

continued there until mid-1981, when testing transitioned to the initial production of F-117 stealth

fighters. In addition to flight-testing, Groom performed radar profiling, F-117 weapons testing, and

was the location for training of the first group of frontline USAF F-117 pilots. Subsequently, the stil

highly classified active-service F-117 operations moved to the nearby Tonopah Test Range Airporand finally to Holloman Air Force Base.

Since the F-117 became operational in 1983, operations at

Groom Lake have continued. The base and its associated

runway system were expanded.[21][22] In 1995, the federal

government expanded the exclusionary area around the

base to include nearby mountains that had hitherto afforded

the only decent overlook of the base, prohibiting access to

3,972 acres (16.07 km2) of land formerly administered by

the Bureau of Land Management.[21]

Commuter service is provided along Groom Lake Road by

a bus, catering to a small number of employees living in

several small communities beyond the NTS boundary

(although it is not clear whether these workers are

employed at Groom or at other facilities in the NTS). The

bus travels Groom Lake Road and stops at Crystal

Springs, Ash Springs, and Alamo, and parks at the Alamo

courthouse overnight.

The base has seven runways including one that now appears to be closed. The closed runway,

14R/32L, is also by far the longest with a total length of approximately 23,300 feet (7,100 m), not

including stopway. The other runways are two asphalt runways, the 14L/32R with a length of

12,000 feet (3,700 m) and 12/30 with a length of 5,400 feet (1,600 m), and four runways located on

the salt lake. These four runways are 09L/27R and 09R/27L, which are both approximately

11,450 feet (3,490 m), and 03L/21R and 03R/21L, which are both approximately 10,000 feet

(3,000 m). The base also has a helipad. [23][24]

In December 2007, airline pilots noticed that the base had appeared in their aircraft navigation

systems' latest Jeppesen database revision with the ICAO airport identifier code of KXTA and liste

as "Homey Airport".[25] The probably inadvertent release of the airport data led to advice by the

Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) that student pilots should be explicitly warned abou

KXTA, not to consider it as a waypoint or destination for any flight even though it now appears in

public navigation databases.[25]

The federal government explicitly concedes (in various court filing

and government directives) that the USAF has an "operating

location" near Groom Lake, but does not provide any further

Have Blue/F-117 program

Area 51 border and warning sign stating

that "photography is prohibited" and that

"use of deadly force is authorized" under

the terms of the 1950 McCarran Internal

Security Act. A government vehicle is

parked on the hilltop; from there, security

agents observe the approach to Groom

Lake.

Later opera t ions

Runways

U.S. government's positions on Area 51
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Have_Bluehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Have_Bluehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117_Nighthawkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117_Nighthawkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonopah_Test_Range_Airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holloman_Air_Force_Basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Springs,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Springs,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash_Springs,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamo,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeppesenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_Owners_and_Pilots_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarran_Internal_Security_Acthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarran_Internal_Security_Acthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarran_Internal_Security_Acthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarran_Internal_Security_Acthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarran_Internal_Security_Acthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wfm_x51_area51_warningsign.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_Owners_and_Pilots_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeppesenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamo,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash_Springs,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Springs,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Springs,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holloman_Air_Force_Basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonopah_Test_Range_Airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117_Nighthawkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117_Nighthawkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Have_Bluehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Have_Blue


5/11



information.

Unlike much of the Nellis range, the area surrounding the lake is

permanently off-limits both to civilian and normal military air traffi

Radar stations protect the area, and unauthorized personnel are

quickly expelled. Even military pilots training in the NAFR risk

disciplinary action if they stray into the exclusionary "box"

surrounding Groom's airspace.[12][26]

Perimeter security is provided by uniformed private security guard

working for EG&G's security subcontractor Wackenhut,[27] who

patrol in desert camouflage Jeep Cherokeesand Humvees, and

more recently, champagne-colored Ford F-150 pickups and gray

Chevrolet 2500 4X4 pickups. Although the guards are armed with

M16s, no violent encounters with Area 51 observers have been

reported; instead, the

guards generally follow

visitors near the

perimeter and radio forthe Lincoln County

Sheriff. Deadly force is

authorized if violators who

attempt to breach the

secured area fail to heed

warnings to halt. Fines of

around $600 seem to be

the normal course of

action, although some

visitors and journalists

report receiving follow-up visits from FBI agents. Some observers

have been detained on public land for pointing camera equipment at the base. Surveillance is

supplemented using buried motion sensors. [28]

The base does not appear on public U.S. government maps; [29] the USGS topographic map for th

area only shows the long-disused Groom Mine.[30] A civil aviation chart published by the Nevada

Department of Transportation shows a large restricted area,[31] but defines it as part of the Nellis

restricted airspace. The official aeronautical navigation charts for the area show Groom Lake but o

the airport facilities.[32] Similarly the National Atlas page showing federal lands in Nevada[33] does

not distinguish between the Groom block and other parts of the Nellis range. Although officially

declassified, the original film taken by U.S. Coronaspy satellitein the 1960s has been altered prio

declassification; in answer to freedom of information queries, the government responds that these

exposures (which map to Groom and the entire NAFR) appear to have been destroyed. [34]Terra

satellite images (which were publicly available) were removed from web servers (including Microso

"Terraserver") in 2004,[35] and from the monochrome 1 m resolution USGS data dump made publ

available. NASA Landsat 7 images are still available (these are used in the NASA World Wind).

Higher resolution (and more recent) images from other satellite imagery providers (including Russi

providers and the IKONOS) are commercially available. These show, in considerable detail, the

runway marking, base facilities, aircraft, and vehicles.

Although federal property within the base is exempt from state and local taxes, facilities owned by

private contractors are not. Area 51 researcher Glenn Campbell claimed in 1994 that the base only

A letter from the USAF

replying to a query about Area

51

CIA document from 1967

referring to Area 51

A montage of available USGS satellite

photography showing southern Nevada.

The NTS and the surrounding lands are

visible; the NAFR and neighboring land h

been removed
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EG%26Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EG%26Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wackenhuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wackenhuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeep_Cherokeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeep_Cherokeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humveehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_F-Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M16_riflehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Department_of_Transportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Department_of_Transportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_(satellite)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_(satellite)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsat_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_World_Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKONOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wfm_nellis_range_redactions.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CIA_BYE2369-67_page17.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CIA_BYE2369-67_page17.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Usaf_on_area51.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Usaf_on_area51.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKONOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_World_Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsat_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_(satellite)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_(satellite)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Department_of_Transportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Department_of_Transportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M16_riflehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_F-Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humveehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeep_Cherokeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wackenhuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EG%26G


6/11



declares a taxable value of $2 million to the Lincoln County tax assessor, who is unable to enter th

area to perform an assessment.[36]

In 1994, five unnamed civilian contractors and the widows

of contractors Walter Kasza and Robert Frost sued the

USAF and the United States Environmental Protection

Agency. Their suit, in which they were represented by

George Washington University law professor JonathanTurley, alleged they had been present when large

quantities of unknown chemicals had been burned in open

pits and trenches at Groom. Biopsiestaken from the

complainants were analyzed by Rutgers University

biochemists, who found high levels of dioxin,dibenzofuran,

and trichloroethylenein their body fat. The complainants

alleged they had sustained skin, liver, and respiratory

injuries due to their work at Groom, and that this had

contributed to the deaths of Frost and Kasza. The suit

sought compensation for the injuries they had sustained,

claiming the USAF had illegally handled toxic materials,and that the EPA had failed in its duty to enforce the

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (which governs

handling of dangerous materials.) They also sought

detailed information about the chemicals to which they

were allegedly exposed, hoping this would facilitate the

medical treatment of survivors. Congressman Lee H. Hamilton, former chairman of the House

Intelligence Committee, told 60 Minutesreporter Leslie Stahl, "The Air Force is classifying all

information about Area 51 in order to protect themselves from a lawsuit."[37]

Citing the State Secrets Privilege, the government petitioned trial judge U.S. District Judge Philip P

(of the United States District Court for the District of Nevada in Las Vegas) to disallow disclosure oclassified documents or examination of secret witnesses, alleging this would expose classified

information and threaten national security. [38] When Judge Pro rejected the government's argume

President Bill Clinton issued a Presidential Determination, exempting what it called, "The Air Force

Operating Location Near Groom Lake, Nevada" from environmental disclosure laws. Consequently

Pro dismissed the suit due to lack of evidence. Turley appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for th

Ninth Circuit, on the grounds that the government was abusing its power to classify material.

Secretary of the Air ForceSheila E. Widnall filed a brief that stated that disclosures of the material

present in the air and water near Groom "can reveal military operational capabilities or the nature

and scope of classified operations." The Ninth Circuit rejected Turley's appeal, [39] and the U.S.

Supreme Court refused to hear it, putting an end to the complainants' case.

The President continues to annually issue a determination continuing the Groom

exception.[40][41][42] This, and similarly tacit wording used in other government communications, is

the only formal recognition the U.S. Government has ever given that Groom Lake is more than

simply another part of the Nellis complex.

An unclassified memo on the safe handling of F-117 Nighthawk material was posted on an Air Fo

website in 2005. This discussed the same materials for which the complainants had requested

information (information the government had claimed was classified). The memo was removed sho

after journalists became aware of it. [43]

Envi ronment a l law su i t

Area 51 viewed from distant Tikaboo

Peak

A closed-circuit TV camera watches

over the perimeter of Area 51

1974 Sky lab photography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Turleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Turleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopsyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopsyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutgers_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_dibenzodioxinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_dibenzodioxinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibenzofuranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibenzofuranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichloroethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichloroethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Conservation_and_Recovery_Acthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_H._Hamiltonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60_Minuteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60_Minuteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Stahlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Secrets_Privilegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Secrets_Privilegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clintonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Determinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_E._Widnallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117_Nighthawkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ueberwachungskamera_an_der_Groom_Lake_Road_07.2008.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Area51_Tikaboo_Peak_07.2008.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117_Nighthawkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_E._Widnallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Determinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clintonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Secrets_Privilegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Stahlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60_Minuteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_H._Hamiltonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Conservation_and_Recovery_Acthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichloroethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibenzofuranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_dibenzodioxinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutgers_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopsyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Turleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Turleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force


7/11



In January 2006, space historian Dwayne A. Day published

an article in online aerospace magazine The Space Review

titled "Astronauts and Area 51: the Skylab Incident." The

article was based on a memo written in 1974 to CIA

director William Colby by an unknown CIA official. The

memo reported that astronauts on board Skylab 4had, as

part of a larger program, inadvertently photographed a

location of which the memo said:

There were specific instructions not to do this.

was the only location which had such an

instruction.

Although the name of the location was obscured, the context led Day to believe that the subject w

Groom Lake. As Day noted:

[I]n other words, the CIA considered no other spot on Earth to be as sensitive as

Groom Lake.[44][45]

The memo details debate between federal agencies regarding whether the images should be

classified, with Department of Defense agencies arguing that it should, and NASA and the State

Department arguing against classification. The memo itself questions the legality of unclassifiedimages to be retroactively classified.

Remarks on the memo,[46] handwritten apparently by DCI (Director of Central Intelligence) Colby

himself, read:

He did raise itsaid State Dept. people felt strongly. But he inclined leave decision to

me (DCI)I confessed some question over need to protect since:

1. USSR has it from own sats

2. What really does it reveal?

3. If exposed, don't we just say classified USAF work is done there?

The declassified documents do not disclose the outcome of discussions regarding the Skylabimagery. The behind-the-scenes debate proved moot as the photograph appeared in the federal

government's archive of satellite imagery along with the remaining Skylab 4 photographs, with no

record of anyone noticing until Day identified it in 2007. [47]

Its secretive nature and undoubted connection to classified aircraft research, together with reports

unusual phenomena, have led Area 51 to become a focus of modern UFO and conspiracy theorie

Some of the activities mentioned in such theories at Area 51 include:

The storage, examination, and reverse engineering of crashed alien spacecraft (including mater

supposedly recovered at Roswell), the study of their occupants (living and dead), and the

manufacture of aircraft based on alien technology.

Meetings or joint undertakings with extraterrestrials.

The development of exotic energy weaponsfor the Strategic Defense Initiative(SDI) or other

weapons programs.

The development of means of weather control.

The development of time travel and teleportation technology.

The development of unusual and exotic propulsion systems related to the Aurora Program.

Activities related to a supposed shadowy one world government or the Majestic 12 organization

Groom Lake and Papoose Lake (lower

right)

UFO and other conspiracy theories concerning Area 51
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwayne_A._Dayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Space_Reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Colbyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Earth_Resources_Observation_and_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Earth_Resources_Observation_and_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidentified_flying_objecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraterrestrial_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_UFO_incidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_UFO_incidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(aircraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(aircraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_world_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majestic_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papoose_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papoose_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Groom_Lake_and_Papoose_Lake.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majestic_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_world_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(aircraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_UFO_incidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraterrestrial_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidentified_flying_objecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Earth_Resources_Observation_and_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Earth_Resources_Observation_and_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Colbyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Space_Reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwayne_A._Day


8/11



United States Air Force po

North America portal

Many of the hypotheses concern underground facilities at Groom or at Papoose Lake, 8.5 miles

(13.7 km) south, and include claims of a transcontinental underground railroad system, a

disappearing airstrip (nicknamed the "Cheshire Airstrip", after Lewis Carroll's Cheshire cat) which

briefly appears when water is sprayed onto its camouflaged asphalt,[48] and engineering based on

alien technology. Publicly available satellite imagery, however, reveals clearly visible landing strips

Groom Dry Lake, but not at Papoose Lake.

Veterans of experimental projects such as OXCART and NERVA at Area 51 agree that their work

(including 2,850 OXCART test flights alone) inadvertently prompted many of the UFO sightings and

other rumors: [7 ]

The shape of OXCART was unprecedented, with its wide, disk-like fuselage designed

to carry vast quantities of fuel. Commercial pilots cruising over Nevada at dusk would

look up and see the bottom of OXCART whiz by at 2,000-plus mph. The aircraft's

titanium body, moving as fast as a bullet, would reflect the sun's rays in a way that

could make anyone think, UFO.[7 ]

They believe that the rumors helped maintain secrecy over Area 51's actual operations. [12] While

veterans deny the existence of a vast underground railroad system, many of Area 51's operations d

(and presumably still do) occur underground.[7 ]

Several people have claimed knowledge of events supporting Area 51 conspiracy theories. Thesehave included Bob Lazar, who claimed in 1989 that he had worked at Area 51's S-4 (a facility at

Papoose Lake), where he was contracted to work with alien spacecraft that the U.S. government h

in its possession.[49] Similarly, the 1996 documentary Dreamlanddirected by Bruce Burgess includ

an interview with a 71 year old mechanical engineer who claimed to be a former employee at Area

51 during the 1950s. His claims included that he had worked on a "flying disc simulator" which had

been based on a disc originating from a crashed extraterrestrial craft and was used to train US

Pilots. He also claimed to have worked with an extraterrestrial being named "J-Rod" and described

as a "telepathic translator".[50] In 2004, Dan Burisch (pseudonym of Dan Crain) claimed to have

worked on cloning alien viruses at Area 51, also alongside the alien named "J-Rod". Burisch's

scholarly credentials are the subject of much debate, as he was apparently working as a Las Vega

parole officer in 1989 while also earning a PhD at SUNY.[51]

Novels, films, television programs, and other fictional portrayals of Area 51 describe itor a fiction

counterpartas a haven for extraterrestrials, time travel, and sinister conspiracies, often linking it

with the Roswell UFO incident. In the 1996 action film Independence Day, the United States milita

uses alien technology captured at Roswell to attack the invading alien fleet from Area 51. The

"Hangar 51"[52]government warehouseof the Indiana Jonesfilms stores, among other exotic item

the Ark of the Covenant and an alien corpse from Roswell. The television series Seven Daystake

place inside Area 51, with the base containing a covert NSAtime travel operation using alien

technology recovered from Roswell.

Dugway Proving Ground, a restricted facility in the Utah

desert.

Groom Range, a mountain range north of the lakebed.

Kapustin Yar, a Russian rocket launch and development site.

Woomera Prohibited Area, a defense and aerospace testing area in Australia.

Portrayal in media and popular culture

See also

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papoose_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carrollhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carrollhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheshire_cathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NERVAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Lazarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Lazarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-4_(Sector_Four)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Burgesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_University_of_New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_UFO_incidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_in_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_warehouse_(fiction)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_warehouse_(fiction)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Jones_(franchise)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Jones_(franchise)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Days_(TV_series)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugway_Proving_Groundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groom_Rangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapustin_Yarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woomera_Prohibited_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woomera_Prohibited_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapustin_Yarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groom_Rangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugway_Proving_Groundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Days_(TV_series)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Jones_(franchise)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Jones_(franchise)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_warehouse_(fiction)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_in_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_UFO_incidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_University_of_New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Burgesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-4_(Sector_Four)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Lazarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NERVAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheshire_cathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carrollhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papoose_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:North_America.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_US_Air_Force.svg


9/11



General

Rich, Ben R.; Janos, Leo (1994). Skunk Works: A personal memoir of my years at Lockheed. Boston: Lit

Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-74300-6

Darlington, David (1998). Area 51: The Dreamland Chronicles. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 978-0-8050-

6040-9

Patton, Phil (1998). Dreamland: Travels Inside the Secret World of Roswell and Area 51. New York: Villa

/ Random House ISBN 978-0-375-75385-5

Area 51 resources at the Federation of American Scientists.

Leslie Stahl "Area 51 / Catch 22" 60 MinutesCBS Television March 17, 1996, a US TV news magazine's

segment about the environmental lawsuit. (Transcript)

Area 51 related article archive from the pages of the Las Vegas Review-Journal

Speci f ic

1. ^ DREAMLAND: Fifty Years of Secret Flight Testing in Nevada By Peter W. Merlin

2. ^ Rich, p. 57. Rich describes Groom in 1977 as being "...a sprawling facility, bigger than some munici

airports, a test range for sensitive aviation projects"

3. ^ Area 51 researcher Glenn Campbell claims that AFFTC Detachment 3 is located at Groom, citing th

title of a leaked security manual, the mailbox in Henderson, Nevadahe believes formerly served Groo

and the NASA biography of astronaut Carl E. Walz who was formerly a manager at AFFTC-DET3 !:

Campbell, Glenn. "Area 51 is Edwards DET 3" , Groom Lake Desert Rat, 17 June 1996; Biography

Carl E. Walz (Colonel, USAF, Ret.) , NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.

4. ^ Merlin, Peter W."Black Projects at Groom Lake: Into the 21st Century" .

5. ^ abRichard Helms (1967-05-15). "OXCART Reconnaissance of North Vietnam" . CIA. Retrieved

2010-04-04.

6. ^ Rich, p. 56. Rich writes "Kelly [Johnson, the U2's designer] had jokingly nicknamed this Godforsake

place Paradise Ranch, hoping to lure young and innocent flight crews"

7. ^ abcdeJacobsen, Annie(April 5, 2009). "The Road to Area 51" . Los Angeles Times.

8. ^ Patton, p. 3, lists Paradise Ranch, Watertown, Groom Lake, and Home Base as nicknames

9. ^ "Homey Airport - KXTA" , Daily Aviator(blog), January 11, 2008.

10. ^ FAA aviation chart for the Groom area

11. ^ "R-4808N Fixes and Janet Routes" Dreamland Resort

12. ^ abcLacitis, Erik. "Area 51 vets break silence: Sorry, but no space aliens or UFOs " The Seattle

Times, 27 March 2010.

13. ^ "US Department of Energy. Nevada Operations Office. United States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 throu

September 1992(December 2000)" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-06-10.

14. ^ NTS map showing the different areas overlaid on topographic map , State of Nevada Division

environmental protection

15. ^ Annotated NTS map at the Federation of American Scientistswebsite

16. ^ Regenold, Stephen (April 13, 2007). "Lonesome Highway to Another World?" . The New York

Times.

17. ^ abcPeebles, Curtis (2000). Shadow Flights: America's Secret Air War Against the Soviet Union.

Novato, CA: Presidio Press. ISBN 978-0-89141-700-2

18. ^ Rich, pp. 141-144, details U2 test pilot Tony LeVierscouting the remote area near Death Valley forlocations, saying of Groom "I gave it a ten plus [score]... a dry lake bed around three and a half miles

around", and describes LeVier showing the lake to U-2 designer Kelly Johnsonand CIA official Richa

Bissell, and Johnson deciding to locate the runway "at south end of lake"

19. ^ abcThe OXCART Story , Thomas P. McIninch, CIA Studies Archive, Vol 15, No. 1, 1994,

declassified

20. ^ Rich, pp. 56-60

21. ^ abPike, John. "Area 51 Facility Overview", Federation of American Scientists.

22. ^ Motta, Mary (April 23, 2000). "Images of Top-Secret U.S. Air Base Show Growth" , space.com: "t

photos ... show that the area has significantly expanded since the first images were snapped of the

infamous site over 30 years ago."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Richhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Richhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780316743006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805060409http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805060409http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780375753855http://fas.org/irp/overhead/groom.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Stahlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60_Minuteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Televisionhttp://www.ufomind.com/area51/articles/1996/60min_960317.htmlhttp://www.reviewjournal.com/webextras/area51/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Review-Journalhttp://www.dreamlandresort.com/area51/dreamland_50years.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_E._Walzhttp://www.ufomind.com/area51/desert_rat/1996/dr36/walz/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/walz.htmlhttp://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/walz.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Centerhttp://www.dreamlandresort.com/black_projects/black_projects_history.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Helmshttp://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0001471747/0001471747_0017.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Jacobsenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Jacobsenhttp://www.latimes.com/la-mag-april052009-backstory,0,786384.storyhttp://www.dailyaviator.com/?p=1498http://skyvector.com/#30-17-2-3294-3333http://www.dreamlandresort.com/info/janet_routes.htmlhttp://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2011461015_area51vets28m.htmlhttp://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdfhttp://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdfhttp://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdfhttp://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdfhttp://ndep.nv.gov/boff/nts-use.jpghttp://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/facility/nts_fig1.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientistshttp://travel.nytimes.com/2007/04/13/travel/escapes/13extraterrestrial.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780891417002http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_LeVierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_LeVierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Johnsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Johnsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Bissell,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Bissell,_Jr.https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol15no1/html/v15i1a01p_0001.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientistshttp://www.space.com/news/area51_exclusive_00421.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space.comhttp://www.space.com/news/area51_exclusive_00421.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientistshttps://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol15no1/html/v15i1a01p_0001.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Bissell,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Bissell,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Johnsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_LeVierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780891417002http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/04/13/travel/escapes/13extraterrestrial.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientistshttp://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/facility/nts_fig1.gifhttp://ndep.nv.gov/boff/nts-use.jpghttp://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdfhttp://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdfhttp://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdfhttp://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdfhttp://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2011461015_area51vets28m.htmlhttp://www.dreamlandresort.com/info/janet_routes.htmlhttp://skyvector.com/#30-17-2-3294-3333http://www.dailyaviator.com/?p=1498http://www.latimes.com/la-mag-april052009-backstory,0,786384.storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Jacobsenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIAhttp://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0001471747/0001471747_0017.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Helmshttp://www.dreamlandresort.com/black_projects/black_projects_history.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Centerhttp://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/walz.htmlhttp://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/walz.htmlhttp://www.ufomind.com/area51/desert_rat/1996/dr36/walz/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_E._Walzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson,_Nevadahttp://www.dreamlandresort.com/area51/dreamland_50years.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Review-Journalhttp://www.reviewjournal.com/webextras/area51/http://www.ufomind.com/area51/articles/1996/60min_960317.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60_Minuteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Stahlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientistshttp://fas.org/irp/overhead/groom.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780375753855http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805060409http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805060409http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780316743006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Rich


10/11



23. ^ Measurements, runway state and alignment information based upon Google Earth / Digital Globe

images as retrieved on December 21, 2007.

24. ^ Jeppesen-Sanderson, Inc.(August 2007). "Jeppesen Flightstar Airport Database" . Retrieved

October 1, 2007.

25. ^ abMarsh, Alton K. (January 10, 2008)."Don't ask, don't tell: Area 51 gets airport identifier" , AOPA

On Line.

26. ^ Hall, George. Skinner, Michael. Red Flag, Motorbooks International, 1993, ISBN 978-0-87938-759-

p.49: "It is an understatement to say that overflying Dreamland is forbidden..."

27. ^ Patton, p10

28. ^ Poulsen, Kevin. "Area 51 hackers dig up trouble" , Security Focus, May 25, 2004.29. ^ USGS 1:24K/25K Topo map for location UTM 11 605181E 4124095N (NAD27) (map via

TopoQuest.com)

30. ^ USGS 1:24K/25K Topo map for geopoint GROOM MINE, NV (map via TopoQuest.com)

31. ^ "Airports and Landing strips, 2002" , Nevada Department of Transportation, cf section R-4808N

32. ^ Las Vegas Sectional Aeronautical Chart, National Aeronautical Chart Office, Federal Aviation

Administration (last checked September 26, 2008)

33. ^ "Federal lands and Indian reservations" [dead link], The National atlas of the United States of

America, United States Department of the Interior, document ID: pagefed_nv7.pdf INTERIOR-

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, RESTON, VIRGINIA-2003

34. ^ "Corona image" . Retrieved 2010-06-10.

35. ^ Terraserver image[dead link]

36. ^ Campbell, Glenn (March 1994). "Secret Base Cheats Local Tax Rolls" . The Groom Lake Desert

Rat. Retrieved July 8, 2007. "In the 93-94 tax year, the Air Force paid taxes of $65,517 on a property

assessment (for "Buildings and Improvements" plus "Other Personal Property") of $2,517,781."

37. ^ "Area 51 / Catch 22" segment, 60 Minutesbroadcast March 17, 1996.

38. ^ Rogers, Keith (June 4, 2002). "Federal judges to hear case involving Area 51" , Las Vegas Revie

Journal.

39. ^ US 9th Circuit ruling [dead link] on Kasza V Brownerand related case Frost V Perry, Lake, Widnal

40. ^ "2000 Presidential Determination" . Retrieved 2010-06-10.

41. ^ "2002 Presidential Determination" . Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. 2002-09-18. Retrieve

2010-06-10.

42. ^ "2003 Presidential Determination" . Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. 2003-09-16. Retrieve

2010-06-10.

43. ^ Rogers, Keith (May 21, 2006). "Warnings for emergency responders kept from Area 51 workers"

Las Vegas Review-Journal.[dead link]

44. ^ Day, Dwayne A. (January 9, 2006). "Astronauts and Area 51: the Skylab Incident" . The Space

Review(online). Retrieved April 2, 2006.

45. ^ "Presidential Determination No. 2003-39" . Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. 2003-09-16.

Retrieved 2010-06-10.

46. ^ "CIA memo to DCI Colby" (PDF). hosted by The Space Review. Retrieved April 2, 2006.

47. ^ Day, Dwayne A. (November 26, 2007). "Secret Apollo" . The Space Review (online) . Retrieved

February 16, 2009.

48. ^ Mahood, Tom (October 1996). "The Cheshire Airstrip" . Archived from the original on March 16,

2006. Retrieved April 2, 2006.

49. ^ "S4 Sport Model - Cetin BAL - GSM:+90 05366063183 - Turkey / Denizli" . Zamandayolculuk.com

Retrieved 2010-06-10.

50. ^ Dreamland, Transmedia and Dandelion Production for Sky Television (1996).

51. ^ Sheaffer, Robert (November/December 2004). "Tunguska 1, Roswell 0" . Skeptical Inquirer

(Committee for Skeptical Inquiry) 28 (6). Archived from the original on March 29, 2008.

52. ^ Rinzler, J.W.; Bouzereau, Laurent (2008). The Complete Making of Indiana Jones. London: Ebury.

p. 249. ISBN978-0-09-192661-8.

External links
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeppesenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeppesenhttp://www.jeppesen.com/wlcs/index.jsp?section=support&content=technical_flitestar.jsphttp://www.aopa.org/aircraft/articles/2008/080110area51.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879387594http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Poulsenhttp://www.securityfocus.com/news/8768http://www.topoquest.com/map.asp?lat=37.25932&lon=-115.81388&s=100&size=l&u=4&datum=nad27&layer=DRG25http://www.topoquest.com/map.asp?lat=37.34583&lon=-115.76583&datum=nad27&u=4&layer=DRG25&size=lhttp://www.nevadadot.com/traveler/maps/StateMaps/pdfs/Airport2002.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Department_of_Transportationhttp://nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/nv.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interiorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interiorhttp://www.fas.org/irp/overhead/groom_corona_200567.jpghttp://terraserver.microsoft.com/GetImageArea.ashx?t=1&s=17&lon=-115.81666666666666&lat=37.233333333333334&w=600&h=400&f=Tahoma,Verdana,Sans-serif&fs=10&fc=ffffffff&logo=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://www.ufomind.com/area51/desertrat/1994/rat_05.htmlhttp://www.ufomind.com/area51/articles/1996/60min_960317.htmlhttp://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2002/Jun-04-Tue-2002/news/18894771.htmlhttp://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/ca9/newopinions.nsf/0/54eb6df18826949b88256e5a007188b2?OpenDocumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2001_cfr_3v1&docid=3CFRSep19http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/09/20020918-9.htmlhttp://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/09/20030916-4.htmlhttp://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2006/May_21-Sun-2006/news/7488359.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwayne_A._Dayhttp://www.thespacereview.com/article/531/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Space_Reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Space_Reviewhttp://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/09/20030916-4.htmlhttp://www.thespacereview.com/archive/531.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwayne_A._Dayhttp://www.thespacereview.com/article/1010/1http://web.archive.org/web/20060316110233/http://www.serve.com/mahood/nellis/area19/cheshire.htmhttp://www.serve.com/mahood/nellis/area19/cheshire.htmhttp://www.zamandayolculuk.com/cetinbal/s4sportmodel.htmhttp://web.archive.org/web/20080329151518/http%3A//www.csicop.org/si/2004-11/http://www.csicop.org/si/2004-11/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-192661-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-192661-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-192661-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://www.csicop.org/si/2004-11/http://web.archive.org/web/20080329151518/http%3A//www.csicop.org/si/2004-11/http://www.zamandayolculuk.com/cetinbal/s4sportmodel.htmhttp://www.serve.com/mahood/nellis/area19/cheshire.htmhttp://web.archive.org/web/20060316110233/http://www.serve.com/mahood/nellis/area19/cheshire.htmhttp://www.thespacereview.com/article/1010/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwayne_A._Dayhttp://www.thespacereview.com/archive/531.pdfhttp://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/09/20030916-4.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Space_Reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Space_Reviewhttp://www.thespacereview.com/article/531/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwayne_A._Dayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2006/May_21-Sun-2006/news/7488359.htmlhttp://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/09/20030916-4.htmlhttp://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/09/20020918-9.htmlhttp://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2001_cfr_3v1&docid=3CFRSep19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/ca9/newopinions.nsf/0/54eb6df18826949b88256e5a007188b2?OpenDocumenthttp://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2002/Jun-04-Tue-2002/news/18894771.htmlhttp://www.ufomind.com/area51/articles/1996/60min_960317.htmlhttp://www.ufomind.com/area51/desertrat/1994/rat_05.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://terraserver.microsoft.com/GetImageArea.ashx?t=1&s=17&lon=-115.81666666666666&lat=37.233333333333334&w=600&h=400&f=Tahoma,Verdana,Sans-serif&fs=10&fc=ffffffff&logo=1http://www.fas.org/irp/overhead/groom_corona_200567.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interiorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/nv.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Department_of_Transportationhttp://www.nevadadot.com/traveler/maps/StateMaps/pdfs/Airport2002.pdfhttp://www.topoquest.com/map.asp?lat=37.34583&lon=-115.76583&datum=nad27&u=4&layer=DRG25&size=lhttp://www.topoquest.com/map.asp?lat=37.25932&lon=-115.81388&s=100&size=l&u=4&datum=nad27&layer=DRG25http://www.securityfocus.com/news/8768http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Poulsenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879387594http://www.aopa.org/aircraft/articles/2008/080110area51.htmlhttp://www.jeppesen.com/wlcs/index.jsp?section=support&content=technical_flitestar.jsphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeppesen


11/11


Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers

This page was last modified on 15 March 2011 at 23:47.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms

Use for details.

Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

Contact us

[showvde

[showvde

General

Dreamland Resort - Detailed history of Area 51

Roadrunners Internationale , a project covering the history of the U2 and Blackbird projects

"How Area 51 Works" , on HowStuffWorks

Maps and photographs

Dreamland Resort's map of Area 51 buildings

Topographic Map of the Emigrant Valley / Groom area

Aerial photos from different decades, overlaid with Google Maps interfacePhotographs of McCarran EG&G terminal and JANET aircraft

Official FAA aeronautical chart of Groom Lake

Picture gallery

"Historical pictures of Groom Lake, Groom Lake Mining District" - Department of Special

Collections, Digital Image Collections, of the University of Nevada, Reno (accessed January 30

2009)

UFOs and ufology

Conspi racy theor ies

Categories: Conspiracy theories| Facilities of the United States Air Force| Government institution

| Lincoln County, Nevada| Military facilities in Nevada| Nevada Test Site | Secret military

programs | Secret places | UFO-related locations| Urban legends
http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Abouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_Licensehttp://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Usehttp://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Usehttp://www.wikimediafoundation.org/http://www.wikimediafoundation.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_ushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:UFOshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:UFOshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:UFOshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:UFOshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:UFOs&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Conspiracy_theorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Conspiracy_theorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Conspiracy_theorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Conspiracy_theorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Conspiracy_theories&action=edithttp://www.dreamlandresort.com/http://www.roadrunnersinternationale.com/egg.htmlhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/area-51.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HowStuffWorkshttp://www.dreamlandresort.com/area51/area51map.htmlhttp://www.topoquest.com/map.asp?lat=37.24398783283005&lon=-115.73734486636629&s=250http://gmaps.tommangan.us/groom_lake.htmlhttp://www.sr-71.org/groomlake/2004/index.php?file=egg-terminal-2004-01.jpghttp://skyvector.com/perl/code?id=a-51&scale=2http://www.alienhub.com/videos-pictures/thumbnails.php?album=3http://contentdm.library.unr.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=all&CISOBOX1=groom&CISOFIELD1=title&CISOOP2=exact&CISOBOX2=&CISOFIELD2=identi&CISOOP3=any&CISOBOX3=&CISOFIELD3=creato&CISOOP4=none&CISOBOX4=&CISOFIELD4=reuses&CISOROOT=/spphotos&t=shttp://contentdm.library.unr.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=all&CISOBOX1=groom&CISOFIELD1=title&CISOOP2=exact&CISOBOX2=&CISOFIELD2=identi&CISOOP3=any&CISOBOX3=&CISOFIELD3=creato&CISOOP4=none&CISOBOX4=&CISOFIELD4=reuses&CISOROOT=/spphotos&t=shttp://contentdm.library.unr.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=all&CISOBOX1=groom&CISOFIELD1=title&CISOOP2=exact&CISOBOX2=&CISOFIELD2=identi&CISOOP3=any&CISOBOX3=&CISOFIELD3=creato&CISOOP4=none&CISOBOX4=&CISOFIELD4=reuses&CISOROOT=/spphotos&t=shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidentified_flying_objecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Conspiracy_theorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Conspiracy_theorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Facilities_of_the_United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Facilities_of_the_United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Government_institutionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Lincoln_County,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Lincoln_County,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Military_facilities_in_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Military_facilities_in_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nevada_Test_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Secret_military_programshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Secret_military_programshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Secret_placeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:UFO-related_locationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:UFO-related_locationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Urban_legendshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Urban_legendshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:UFO-related_locationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Secret_placeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Secret_military_programshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Secret_military_programshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nevada_Test_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Military_facilities_in_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Lincoln_County,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Government_institutionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Facilities_of_the_United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Conspiracy_theorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidentified_flying_objecthttp://contentdm.library.unr.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=all&CISOBOX1=groom&CISOFIELD1=title&CISOOP2=exact&CISOBOX2=&CISOFIELD2=identi&CISOOP3=any&CISOBOX3=&CISOFIELD3=creato&CISOOP4=none&CISOBOX4=&CISOFIELD4=reuses&CISOROOT=/spphotos&t=shttp://contentdm.library.unr.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=all&CISOBOX1=groom&CISOFIELD1=title&CISOOP2=exact&CISOBOX2=&CISOFIELD2=identi&CISOOP3=any&CISOBOX3=&CISOFIELD3=creato&CISOOP4=none&CISOBOX4=&CISOFIELD4=reuses&CISOROOT=/spphotos&t=shttp://contentdm.library.unr.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=all&CISOBOX1=groom&CISOFIELD1=title&CISOOP2=exact&CISOBOX2=&CISOFIELD2=identi&CISOOP3=any&CISOBOX3=&CISOFIELD3=creato&CISOOP4=none&CISOBOX4=&CISOFIELD4=reuses&CISOROOT=/spphotos&t=shttp://www.alienhub.com/videos-pictures/thumbnails.php?album=3http://skyvector.com/perl/code?id=a-51&scale=2http://www.sr-71.org/groomlake/2004/index.php?file=egg-terminal-2004-01.jpghttp://gmaps.tommangan.us/groom_lake.htmlhttp://www.topoquest.com/map.asp?lat=37.24398783283005&lon=-115.73734486636629&s=250http://www.dreamlandresort.com/area51/area51map.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HowStuffWorkshttp://science.howstuffworks.com/area-51.htmhttp://www.roadrunnersinternationale.com/egg.htmlhttp://www.dreamlandresort.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Conspiracy_theories&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Conspiracy_theorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Conspiracy_theorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:UFOs&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:UFOshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:UFOshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_ushttp://www.wikimediafoundation.org/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Usehttp://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_Licensehttp://www.mediawiki.org/http://wikimediafoundation.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Abouthttp://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy

Documents

Area 51 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia