Are They Sustainable?

ARE THEY SUSTAINABLE?

P A U L J A C O B B A R T S C H / A 1 6 6 8 3 6 2D A N N I I Y L I A N O O R D A H L A N / A 1 6 4 1 7 6 3L A C H L A N D O R R I A N / A 1 6 6 9 0 7 7J O A N G I T A R I / A 1 6 5 5 3 1 4 M A U H O K O / A 1 6 4 0 8 5 2B R U N O A T A I D E M A R T I N S / A 1 6 4 0 6 3 4

CITY OF ADELAIDE

C O N T E N T SE X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y / / 1 - 2 1 S U S T A I N A B L E D E S I G N O B J E C T I V E S O F A D E L A I D E C I T Y C O U N C I L / G R O U P F I N D I N G S 2 M A P O F S I T E L O C A T I O N S

R E P O R T S / / 3 - 2 0 4 - 7 T A N D A N YA C U L T U R A L C E N T R E P A U L J A C O B B A R T S C H / A 1 6 6 8 3 6 2

8 - 1 0 V I C T O R I A S Q U A R E D A N N I I Y L I A N O O R D A H L A N / A 1 6 4 1 7 6 3

1 1 - 1 2 C E N T R A L B U S S T A T I O N L A C H L A N D O R R I A N / A 1 6 6 9 0 7 7

1 3 - 1 4 S A W A T E R B U I L D I N G J O A N G I T A R I / A 1 6 5 5 3 1 4

1 5 - 1 7 S O U T H A U S T R A L I A N M U S E U M M A U H O K O / A 1 6 4 0 8 5 2

1 8 - 2 0 E N E R G Y S A V I N G I N I T I A T I V E B R U N O A T A I D E M A R T I N S / A 1 6 4 0 6 3 4

P L A N T I D / / 2 2 - 4 9 2 2 E u c a l y p t u s l e u c o x y l o n 2 3 E n c h y l a e n a t o m e n t o s a 2 4 K e n n e d i a r u b i c u n d a P A U L J A C O B B A R T S C H / A 1 6 6 8 3 6 2

2 5 O l e a r i a p a n n o s a 2 6 M e l a l e u c a d e c u s s a t a 2 7 C o r y m b i a m a c u l a t a D A N N I I Y L I A N O O R D A H L A N / A 1 6 4 1 7 6 3

2 8 C a l l i s t e m o n s i e b e r i 2 9 E u c a l y p t u s c l a d o c a l y x 3 0 W u r m b e a d i o i c a L A C H L A N D O R R I A N / A 1 6 6 9 0 7 7 3 1 C H O S E N P L A N T 1 3 2 C H O S E N P L A N T 2 3 3 C H O S E N P L A N T 3 J O A N G I T A R I / A 1 6 5 5 3 1 4

3 4 D r o o p i n g S h e o a k 3 5 B l a c k A n t h e r F l a x - l i l y 3 6 T w i g g y D a i s y B u s h M A U H O K O / A 1 6 4 0 8 5 2 3 7 C H O S E N P L A N T 1 3 8 C H O S E N P L A N T 2 3 9 C H O S E N P L A N T 3 B R U N O A T A I D E M A R T I N S / A 1 6 4 0 6 3 4B I B L I O G R A P H Y / / 3 8 - 4 2 P L A N T I D / 3 8 - 3 9 R E P O R T S / 4 0 - 4 2

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The aim of this report is to acknowledge important sustainable developments and eco- adaptation done by the Adelaide City Council in South Australia. There are six site surveys prepared in this report. Vigorous examinations and readings of resources on each site are conducted to hypothesize its inherent sustainable or ecological aspect(s). This report examines, in order, Christie Walk Eco-Village located nearby Whitmore square, Victoria Square Park located at the centre of the city, the South Australian Museum located on North Terrace, the SA Waters Building located adjacent to Victoria Square, Central Bus Station located on Franklin St as well as Street Lighting Initiatives set in place by council. Each report aims to provide historic and contextual information for each site. The site is then analysed in respect of its physical parameters and the designs relationship to its environment. Lastly, surveyed through opportunities and limitations are the possibilities for the sites future replication, extension or enhancement. The objectives and goals of the Adelaide City Council are to maintain the current state of environment along with preserving and improving eco-projects as to provide a sustainable condition for the people living and ecology in Adelaide City. This is represented in projects, not mentioned in following reports, such as the South Park Lands Aquifer Storage and Recovery, Commonwealth Law Court Building, Whitmore Square Eco-housing, Sturt Street Primary School, Whitmore Square Community Garden, North Terrace Water Sustainable Urban Development, Tainmundilla Riparian Re-vegetation, Wirranendi Wetland, and South Australian Health Medical Research Institute. These projects are worth acknowledging for their contribution to the sustainable goals of Adelaide city council as well. Moreover, this report concludes that the Adelaide City Council is improving in its cooperation in preserving and maintaining the environment in addition to developing sustainable and eco-friendly projects for the people and Mother Nature. It is recommended for the continuation of more ecologically focused projects and redevelopments within the Adelaide City Council region and that these examples carry weight and influence others, citizens, government and industry alike over South Australia, interstate and on a global scale.

PAUL JACOB BARTSCH / A1668362, DANNI IYLIA NOOR DAHLAN / A1641763, LACHLAN DORRIAN / A1669077, JOAN GITARI / A1655314, MAUHO KO / A1640852, BRUNO ATAIDE MARTINS / A1640634

R E P O R T S

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C H R I S T I E - W A L K

E C O - V I L L A G EECOLOGICAL - INNER CITY LIVING

The Christie-Walk project was designed to demonstrate processes, plans and principles from the ‘ecological city vision’ of Urban Ecology Australia (UEA). Furthermore, built to prove to citizens, industry and government that ecological inner-city developments are as profitable and more enjoyable compared to the standard apartment complex ($280,000 to $460,000 per apartment in 2006 [City of Adelaide 2008, 23]).Receiving no financial contribution from the government, EcoCity Developments along with Tagara Builders and service engineers Lincolne Scott Developer (City of Adelaide 2008, 23) would construct Christie-Walk cooperatively. Paul Downton, University of Adelaide graduate who studied his PhD on ecological cities, designed and provided the projects theoretical base. Effie Best from a career in science of ecology managed the community run development.The project employs non-traditional building techniques and materials, generates power, is energy and water efficient and accommodates a range of tenants in a high density inner city environment. Especially curious as it provides a community atmosphere that allows not only ecological but social sustainability within an affordable mass housing solution. Delivering pragmatic results in addition to assuring the world, that there is a profitable, beneficial and viable future in projects parallel to Christie-Walk.

P A U L J A C O B B A R T S C H / A 1 6 6 8 3 6 2

Christie-Walk: Liam.jon_d - https://www.flickr.com/photos/liamjon-d/1068666695/sizes/o/

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C H R I S T I E W A L KECO-VILLAGE/E C O L O G I C A L - I N N E R C I T Y L I V I N G Christie-Walk EcoVillage lies in a T-shaped site nestled in the city of Adelaide’s housing district near Whitmore Square. The high density apartment block delivers a sense of community via inward facing buildings; five three-story townhouses, four individual cottages, and a 5 story block which holds 27 apartments (Downton, Paul F. “Inner City Living.”), and a naturally lit, ventilated lobby, with communal facilities. Christie-Walk’s roof-top gardens present views of the Adelaide Hills and eastern shoreline, giving residents a sense of their place within the greater landscape. This is amplified by resident’s undertaking to physically shape their landscape within Christie-Walk, from paths to produce, as a landscape architect was not employed. The site harvests rainwater and recycles all grey and black water with a grey-water system, utilised for irrigation and toilet flushing (City of Adelaide 2008, 23). Non-toxic construction and recycled materials where implemented for ecological and residential health and safety. Local and onsite materials were used, such as waste products in cement, plantation pine joists and Australian hardwoods staircases (Downton, Paul F. “Urban Revolution.” reducing embodied energy and resulting greenhouse gases. Each dwelling has individual orientation, most orientated east-west. Capturing as much sun as possible an 11.1kW photovoltaic power system exports energy to the electricity grid (Downton, Paul F. “Urban Revolution.”). External apartment walls of rammed earth or aerated concrete offers cost-effective insulation “we get five times the amount of wall for the same amount of energy input,” (Downton, Paul F. “Urban Revolution.”) states Downton. Concrete floor slabs with high thermal mass and passive ventilation which harnesses west-south/west-north summer winds cool apartments. Lantern windows open automatically to draw cool air from the lush garden when the temperature exceeds 29°C (City of Adelaide 2008, 23). Awnings over balconies are raised above roof level, consequently providing shade, shelter and increased ventilation. A rooftop garden on the smaller apartment block insulates the building and provides a relaxing venue. The garden on the ground floor demonstrates a minuscule urban plot can produce a productive garden. Car use is inherently minimised due to Adelaide’s Central Markets, park lands and CBD being within walking distance. Negotiations with the city council allowed for 11 parking spaces to cater 27 dwellings increasing functional space.


http://ecopolis.com.au/christie.htmlhttp://farm6.staticflickr.com/5026/5554542175_bc95af6384_b.jpgreapropriated: http://urbanecology.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/diagram.jpg http://ecopolis.com.au/christie.html

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An information centre operated by UEA transforms Christie-Walk into a powerful tool. Site visits from schools and public groups are held, iterating the importance of sustainable design in addition to improving and inspiring existing industry practices (City of Adelaide 2008, 23). Christie-Walk has influenced projects both locally and nationally. However management and engagement with the community needs to be refined. Since Christie-Walk developers emphasise errors “acceptable at the community level” (Downton, Paul F, “Ecopolis: architecture and cities for a changing climate”) produced shortfalls in delivery of the project; presenting themselves through “Tensions between the democratic co-operative approach to the development and the need for more immediate entrepreneurial decision making” (Downton, Paul F, “Ecopolis: architecture and cities for a changing climate”). Yet organisation and communication between these factions should be sinuous. If this was achieved the final product could have been more effective and enhanced.Christie-Walk’s spatial configuration fully utilises its 2,000 m2 plot, holding 27 apartments (Downton, Paul F. “Christie Walk EcoCity Project,”). The site could, over time, introduce further resource saving/harvesting strategies to its mix. Its replication would rely on the council’s attitude toward sustainable inner-city projects and investors with adequate resources. If the project resembles techniques established in Christie-Walk, geographic and climatic location of the city should be comparable, becoming a limiting factor. Limiting factors also include council planner’s confidence in water/sewage treatment systems and difficulty reducing greenhouse gas emissions and embodied energy via locally sourced recycled materials, though possible lack of availability.For like-minded projects to develop, recognition of importance and faith in deliverance from community and government is needed. Usually presenting itself if profitable for local council, increased value of area, etc. After years of community support it was Lord Mayor of the City of Adelaide’s assertion “the project is exemplary and gives developers a clear sign of elements the council want in future urban design” (Downton, Paul F, “Ecopolis: architecture and cities for a changing climate”) that saw the City of Adelaide push and receive Troppo Architects affordable eco-housing in Whitmore Square. Christie-Walk and its experiential nature as a practical display village has forever influenced development in the Adelaide region and beyond. Public, industry, architects and government alike are learning from Christie-Walk and its success as an ecologically and socially sustainable housing solution in the heart of a modern city.

C H R I S T I E W A L KECO-VILLAGE/E C O L O G I C A L - I N N E R C I T Y L I V I N G

http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5132/5555377660_5a76f87bb4_b.jpg

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REGENERATION V I C TO R I A S Q UA R E TARNDANYANGGA PARKBACKGROUND CONTEXT AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Initially, Victoria Square’s was firstly designed in early 20th Century. A rectangular road system and the shape of the Victoria Square Park are originally designed by the Colonel William Light.1 Initiatives on improving the access, connectivity, economic and social benefits in Victoria Square/ Tarndanyangga are currently at work and the redevelopment project pursues a vision of how vital space is in the Greater Adelaide.2 Therefore, this makes Victoria Square the perfect place to start in the intervention.3 Redefining this Square to become a primary recreational, cultural and community hub and to educate the community about sustainability of an urban redevelopment makes the project a unique opportunity.4 The idea of enjoyment at the square throughout the seasons is applied by creating a bold planting design and substantial shady zones.5 Three keys ideas of the design are enclosure, permeability and connecting spines.6 Enclosure creates a defined inner space by applying a pair of long arcing promenades/arbours.7 It symbolises the heart of Adelaide.8 Permeability however encourages mi-gration of activities north-south and east-west by the permeability of the arbour to cross movement in the Square.9 Third key is the Connecting Spine which has a robust form with a sturdy idea and space yet malleable by the linier space adjacent and within the enclosed arbours.10

THE PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DESIGN AND THE RE-LATIONSHIP TO ITS ENVIRONMENT

Next, the physical parameters of the design and the relationship to its environment. The landscape of Victoria Square / Tarndanyangga Park is located between the coast and the Mount Lofty Ranges that is in the centre of the Adelaide Plain.11 The site is generally level and open.12 The city context of Adelaide is usually filled with activities and the park is geographically located in the center of the city.12 Therefore, the loca-tion makes it logical to rejuvenate the area for the community. 14 A garden featuring native plants, the Mosaic Garden, is located at the south central space of the Victoria 1 Adelaide City Council, “Victoria Square Report.” 2 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 3 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 4 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 5 Adelaide City Council, “Nature in a Square”. 6 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 7 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 8 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 9 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”.

10 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”.

11Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 12Adelaide City Council, “Victoria Square Report.” 13 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 14 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”.

D A N N I I Y L I A N O O R D A H L A N / A 1 6 4 1 7 6 3

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Enclosure Permeability Connecting Spine

15 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 16 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 17 Adelaide City Council, “Nature in a Square”. 18 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 19 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 20 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 21 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 22 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”.

http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/adelaide-city-council-reveals-master-plan-for-95-million-victoria-square-redevelopment/story-e6frea83-1226347668984

Lethlean, “Victoria Square Tarndanyangga Regeneration Masterplan Report”. http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/assets/acc/Environment/plans-policies/docs/vst_designteam_report.pdf


Square.15 It creates an urban landscape which is sustainable and voices out the stories of native landscapes in South Australia.16 Following the principles of Water Sensitive Urban Design and Environmental Design, the plants are carefully selected due to Ade-laide’s dry environment.17 At the north central space nevertheless accommodates huge civic and ceremonial events as well as casual social gathering.18 Hence, it is decided to be a grass domain area.19 Due to the location and the system around the Victoria Square in the middle of the city grid, the symmetrical shape of the park is designed.20 The geometric form affects the design of the arbour and the internal organisation of the Square.21 Furthermore, institutions and business areas around the site affects the Square’s design so broad footpaths are built in a public space to encourage collabora-tive businesses and exchange of knowledge.22

REGENERATION VICTORIA SQUARE/ TARNDANYANGGA PARK

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THE OPPORTUNITIES/LIMITATIONS FOR ITS FUTURE REP-LICATION, EXTENSION, ENHANCEMENT OR OTHERWISE Finally, the opportunities and limitations for its future replication, extension, en-hancement or otherwise. The limitation of future extension is a problem as the Square is surrounded by vast buildings.23 Study shows that only 8000 people can only ac-commodate the area in an event.24 Previous design of the Victoria Square has a small number of artistic and cultural infrastructures. 25 Consequently, the redevelopment of the park achieves those needs. 26 In the Adelaide Plains from the eastern shore of Gulf St Vincent, aboriginal tribe such as the Kaurna people encompasses the area.27 Thus, making the piece of land important for the community and preserving its artistic tra-ditions.28 The opportunity however establishes processes for future enhancement of the area.29 For example, Adelaide City Council representative consults the Kaurna community on making further enhancement on the site regarding art and the environ-ment.30 Further diversity and vitality around the square from additional visitors and residential accommodation creates opportunities for cultural, community and educa-tional facilities.31 Hence, this focuses the Victoria Square Precinct on specific topics.32

REGENERATION VICTORIA SQUARE/ TARNDANYANGGA PARK

23Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 24Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 25Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 26 Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 27Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 28Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 29Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 30Lethlean, “Regeneration Masterplan Report”. 31Adelaide City Council, “Victoria Square Report.” 32Adelaide City Council, “Victoria Square Report.”

http://architectureau.com/articles/victoria-square-masterplan/

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T INDO SOLAR BUS C E N T R A L B U S S TAT I O N CARBON NEUTRAL TRANSPORT

L A C H L A N D O R R I A N / A 1 6 6 9 0 7 7

Background During 2012, Australia produced approximately 557 million tonnes of greenhouse gasses , the most common being carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro fluorocarbons, per fluoro-carbons and sulphur hexafluoride . Of this total, approximately 93.1 million tonnes are produced by the transport sector, 23 million tonnes being produced by heavy trucks and busses. The Tindo Solar bus is Adelaide’s answer to these rising issues. The name Tindo comes from the aboriginal word for sun which is fitting, as operating since 2007, the Tindo Solar bus is the world’s first bus to be powered completely by solar power, meaning it uses no fossil fuels what so ever. As well as that, since it doesn’t have a combustion engine, the Tindo Solar Bus produces produces no greenhouse emissions. Project Description The bus itself has no solar panels on it but is powered using solar panels located on the central bus station in Adelaide. On a full charge the bus is capable of travelling 200km under typical urban conditions before it is required to recharge again. Tindo also uses a regenerative braking system where the motor electronically converts into a generator, using the forward motion of the bus to turn the motor/generator to generate electricity which is stored back into the batteries. This system saves 30% energy consumption, increasing the time the bus can go before recharging. The potential that this technology holds is enormous. As stated earlier the transport sector is re-sponsible for producing 93.1 million tonnes of greenhouse gasses into our atmosphere. For buses to not only run purely on electricity, but for that electricity to come from solar energy making the vehicles carbon neutral will hugely reduce out impact on the environment. If in the future this technology could be expanded into all vehicles we would see a huge reduction in the amount of greenhouse emissions produced in our country. The bus itself has no solar panels on it but is powered using solar panels located on the central bus station in Adelaide. On a full charge the bus is capable of travelling 200km under typical urban conditions before it is required to recharge again. Tindo also uses a regenerative braking system where the motor electronically converts into a generator, using the forward motion of the bus to turn the motor/generator to generate electricity which is stored back into the batteries. This system saves 30% energy consumption, increasing the time the bus can go before recharging.

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T INDO SOLAR BUS CENTRAL BUS STATION/CARBON NEUTRAL TRANSPORT


Future Replication and expansion Unfortunately in its current form, this is not anywhere near a permanent solution. Since the Solar panels are located on the central bus station rather than the bus itself, it will be difficult to replicate this project throughout the city. Considering it takes an entire building to power a single bus, it may not be feasible to power an entire fleet of busses until either solar technology improves or the busses are capable of running more efficiently. On its own the Tindo Solar Bus saved approximately 70,000 kg of carbon dioxide in its first year of operation. As good as this is it is barely a dent in the current total of carbon emissions This comparatively low percentage of carbon dioxide prevented by the Tindo Solar Busses opera-tion combined with the high cost of not only developing the bus, but installing the solar system is probably why the Tindo Solar Bus remains one of a kind. There is, however, no reason to believe this cannot change. In the future, it is forecasted that green developments and other green initia-tives will continue to grow thanks to competition among cities and regions, an increased consensus of the importance of green technology and new government policies. Hopefully in the near future all of these will combine to create pressure on other governments to create initiatives such as the solar bus. The Tindo Solar bus is certainly a great step forward towards creating a sustainable transport system and while some other countries have adopted hybrid systems, the Tindo Solar Bus remains one of a kind. Unfortunately it may not be possible to successfully replicate it throughout the city, let alone the world, on a large scale until technology reaches a point where both solar panels are extremely effective, and electric engines can run very efficiently. Hopefully sometime in the not too distant future we will have the technology to apply this initiative on a larger scale but until that day, we may have to settle for one little bus fighting an impossible battle against pollution.

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NORTH TERRACE S O U T H A U S T R A L I A N M U S E U M

M A U H O K O / A 1 6 4 0 8 5 2

South Australian museum, SA museum, which is a place integrating with culture and education, is considered as a sustainable building that has been improving qual-ity of environment and has been saving energy wasted. This report may substantiate that SA museum is definitely a green design for environment. At the beginning, it will evaluate the background context of SA museum. After that it will talk about the physical parameters of SA museum that relates to its environment. At last, the report will show the opportunities for its future enhancement.

To begin with the background context of SA museum, Former application of SA mu-seum was Mounted Police Barracks and Armoury and Archway.1 SA museum is one of the most Adelaide’s prestigious landmarks. The purpose of founding a museum in South Australia was decided in 1834 of which initiative was to satisfy intellectual pursuits such as literature, arts, history and natural science.2 Basically, SA museum was consisted of 3 wings building, the northern, west wing and east wing. The north-ern building is a red-brick building in which style is completely different from oth-ers wings building.3 In front of the northern building of SA museum, a big area was designed as a forecourt which contains a design of reuse storm water and provides a venue or relaxing area for public.4 Also, the roof of SA museum has been installed a huge solar panel in order to reduce energy consumption.5 Thus, concerning envi-ronment issues should be the purpose of design objective of SA museum.

Footnote1 “Heritage Places Database Search.” Accessed 5 October, 2014, http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/SearchResultPage.aspx?p_searchtype=KEYWORD&p_operator=AND&p_keyword1=Museum&p_keyword2=&p_keyword3=&p_keyword4=&p_keyword5=&p_keyword6=.2 “A Brief History of the South Australian Museum.” Accessed October 10, 2014, http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/Upload/files-about/a-potted-history.pdf.3 “A Brief History of the South Australian Museum.” Accessed October 10, 2014, http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/Upload/files-about/a-potted-history.pdf.4 “North Terrace Assessment.” Accessed October 15, 2014, http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/assets/documents/apl_4.1.32_sq_north_terrace_assessment_pt1.pdf.5 “Photovoltaic (PV) systems.” Accessed October 15, 2014, http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/assets/acc/Develop-ment/planning-building/docs/green_fact_sheet_solar.pdf.

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N O R T H T E R R A C ES O U T H A U S T R A L I A N M U S E U M

M A U H O K O / A 1 6 4 0 8 5 2

Furthermore, the physical parameters of SA museum have been affected to its surroundings, no matter what is building or façade. Also, its design does relate to environment. SA museum is located at north terrace of Adelaide where is in city. Technically, the context of terrace is always filled with vegetation and involved landscape design. Planting tree, fountain, grass and shrub is not rare to see around terrace.6 Besides, the front yard of SA museum is planted with vegetation that beautify environment.7 The forecourt of SA museum was developed a water reuse system which is hidden underground which makes the forecourt incorporating with a bio-retention system that filters storm water to produce cleaner water for reuse.8 Apart from the exterior design of SA museum, SA museum also concerns about the issues of environment, especially awareness of greenhouse effect. Due to the carbon emissions could increase the harmfulness of greenhouse effect, a photovoltaic system, solar panel, has been installed on the roof of SA museum.9 An annual report of SA museum found that this system had reduced 10% of total energy consumption of one year which is worth forty thousand Australians dollars.10

Source: South Australian Sites, https://www.aila.org.au/projects/SA/TCL_SA%20Museum/images.htm

Footnote1Adelaide City Council. “North Terrace Assessment.” Accessed October 15, 2014. http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/assets/documents/apl_4.1.32_sq_north_terrace_assessment_pt1.pdf.2 Adelaide City Council. “North Terrace Assessment.” Accessed October 15, 2014. http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/assets/documents/apl_4.1.32_sq_north_terrace_assessment_pt1.pdf.3 Christopher B. Daniels, Adelaide: water of a city (Adelaide: Wakefield Press,2010): 457.4 Adelaide City Council. “Photovoltaic (PV) systems.” Accessed October 15, 2014.5 “Annual Report of the South Australian Museum Board.” Accessed October 10, 2014, http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/Upload/files-about/annual-report-2012-13_1.pdf.

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M A U H O K O / A 1 6 4 0 8 5 2

Source: South Australian Museum, http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/venue-hire

In addition, the future development of SA museum may be bright. As SA museum is used to be tackling with environment issues, it had been done well for its environment so far. But the location of SA museum has its limitation. Due to SA museum locates nearby art Gallery and university, the space of development is limited.11 So, SA museum may construct more water reuse systems that installs inside museum or on the roof so that it could be a way to save rainwater during rainy seasons or store huge amount of water for reuse as being a future enhancement.

In conclusion, this report has described the background context of SA museum and has evaluated the physical parameters which are related to it environment and talked about its future enhancement. SA museum had totally acted as a good example of a sustainable design which is important to future of Adelaide city. Adelaide city needs more sustainable design in order to transform to be a green city. Last but not least, the sustainable design of SA museum could encourage more architects or architectural company to pay attention to our environment.

Footnote11 “North Terrace Assessment.” Accessed October 15, 2014, http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/assets/documents/apl_4.1.32_sq_north_terrace_assessment_pt1.pdf.

N O R T H T E R R A C ES O U T H A U S T R A L I A N M U S E U M

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LED L IGHTS A D E L A I D E C I T Y

ENERGY IMPROVEMENT PLAN

B R U N O A T A I D E M A R T I N S / A 1 6 4 0 6 3 4

BACKGROUNDAs one of several sustainable projects offered by the Adelaide City Council, it represents the substitution of old lighting technologies for streets and public places by LED which aggregate many benefits. The project consists in:• Replacing previous technologies of street (pedestrians and road lights), and pub-lic buildings lighting for a newer technology (LED);• Reducing the environment pollution with less CO2 emission;• Increasing safety and visibility to a large portion of the Adelaide City;• Reduce the Council’s costs with maintenance, replacement and installation of the city light system;

PROJECT DESCRIPTIONConsists in a sustainable development plan set by the Adelaide City Council as part of a Strategic Plan (2008 to 2012 and 2012 to 2016) to reduce carbon emissions and energy use. Also, it represents financial enhancements with reduction of energy costs and even health improvements as the LED light technology does not emit UV rays (Adelaide City Council 2013, p. 17). The Strategic Plan of 2008 to 2012 determined a reduction in carbon emissions by 60%. This value was reached 2 years before the end of the Plan in 2010, which included the LED lighting project replacing lights with previous technologies by LED lights within the Council area. number of lights replaced was 1,476 lights (813 pedestrian LED lights, 54 back of road light pole and 609 road lights. Additionally, it represents a reduction of 354 tonnes of CO2-e emission and 545,02 KWh of energy consumption.

River TorrensSource: http://www.ausphotography.net.au/forum/showthread.php?133649-The-River-Torrens-and-Ade-

laide-at-night

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LED L IGHTS ADELAIDE CITY/ENERGY IMPROVEMENT PLAN


Some examples are:• Flinders Street – Street and traffic lights;• London Road Public Works Depot;• The Banks of River Torrens;• Adelaide Town Hall and adjoining buildings;• Colonel Light Centre (Council’s administration office).As estimated by the Adelaide City Council, during the stages 1, 2 and 3 (2010 to 2013) the total number of lights replaced was 1,476 lights (813 pedestrian LED lights, 54 back of road light pole and 609 road lights. Additionally, it represents a reduction of 354 tonnes of CO2-e emission and 545,02 KWh of energy consumption.

FUTURE REPLICATION/EXTENTION AND LIMITATIONS According to Lord Mayor Stephen Yarwood (Adelaide City Council 2013, p. 17) the Ad-elaide particular availability for adopting new technologies allowed the city to achieve such successful plan. More than a decade ago the LED lighting represented an expensive alternative, however Adelaide implemented it to replace the City’s traffic lights. Thus, it “opened doors” for what has been achieved today and with these technological achieve-ments, it has been able to replicate the plan for workspaces, public places and also pri-vate companies which represents even more energy consumption and carbon emission

(Adelaide City Council).On the other hand, it can be considered as a limitation the fact that even replac-ing 100% of the Adelaide City Council covered area by LED lights, it still is a form of energy consumption which, in a lower degree, still causes harm to environ-ment. Another hypotheti-cal and extreme limitation could be an unavailability of the LED material, which would force the comeback to previous technologies, raising pollution and energy levels again.

Victoria Square Christmas Tree. Source: http://www.sensation-

al-adelaide.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=1241&start=45al-

posts-by-wendy-sarkissian/funer-al-kevin-ross-taylor/

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LESSON LEARNEDThe substitution of old lighting technologies by LED lights over the Adelaide City Council area represents a notorious progress in relation to environment as a solid sus-tainable development plan. It also highlights the Council “as a leader not only in South Australian local government, but across the country.” (Adelaide City Council 2013, p. 17). The Council’s expectations is to save around 200,00 kWh of energy and 130 tonnes of carbon emission per year, which represents a very significant amount. As well as the characteristics presented previously, the LED also represents an improvement for inhab-itants’ security and health, and would be strongly recommended to be implemented in large scales (State, Federal levels).

Adelaide Town Hall. Source: http://www.sarkissian.com.au/wendys-blog/personal-posts-by-wendy-sarkissian/funer-

al-kevin-ross-taylor/

LED L IGHTS ADELAIDE CITY/ENERGY IMPROVEMENT PLAN

P L A N T IDENTIFICATION

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DescriptionThe naturalised (to South Australia) perennial climber is fast growing to approximately 3m and exceptionally hardy. The Dusky Coral Pea has distinctive dark red flowers and if in proximity to another plant or trellis its steams will twist around the branches, making for an attractive screening plant capable of establishing into trellises.

Leaves The evergreen, crenate-ovate leaves (rounded teeth with egg like shape) are a dark green with Trichome (hair on underside of leave) and form in groups of three. The leaflets measure approximately 3-12cm long.

FlowersLate winter to early summer groups of lobed red pea flowers will develop in a cluster at equal distances along the central steam (raceme). Customarily in groups of four the flowers are each attached by stalks. These provide native birds with nectar for food, and flat seed pods which are 50-100mm in length and don small hairs succeed flowering of the racemes.

Preferred Growing Conditions / Cultivation The coral pea is found natively in moist temperate regions with hot or warm summers occurring on the east coast of Australia, and are included in a variety of habitats from coastal regions to mountain tops however usually grow in open forest woodlands. It is best suited to ether a full sun or partly sunny position and

prefers sandy well drained soil, yet can take to Loam (normal) and clay soils. The plant can be propagated from scarified seed or cuttings which are of semi-mature growth. Seeds are to be pre-treated as they are physical dormancy due to their impervious seed coat. Abrasion or boiling water produces sapplings. Cuttings if from the current season’s growth strike well.

Susceptibility to Pest, Disease, Climatic Extremes Extremely hardy, it can withstand strong elemental damage from heavy rains and wind, if used to cover embankments or structures, it is also drought resistant and can tolerance marginal frost.

Uses in Plant Design / Maintenance RequiredAesthetically flexible it can suits bush, coastal, cottage, mediterranean and tropical designs nonetheless with climbing stems 4 metres in length ample room or perhaps precise pruning is needed. As it tolerates dry conditions it can be a useful plant for growing on a trellis or pergola, where rainfall is minimum. It can also be used as ground cover over embankments and steep slopes, or as climber cover for overgrowing large fences. Due to its fast grown rate and vigour’s nature regular intense pruning is required to retain a visually constant state. A hard cutback after flowering is also beneficial for the plant visually and physically. Being highly drought tolerant little water is needed for it to flourish.


Map Dark green shows best growing climates. Light green preferred growing climates

GROUNDCOVER / NATIVEKennedia rubicunda sp. K. rubicundaFamily FabaceaeD u s k y C o r a l P e a

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Description An Australian classic with iconic evergreen, grey-green foliage sprung in the air from thin branches. It’s truck a contrast between rough brown bark and a soft, smooth, unwavering bluish-grey. It performs (and looks) best in ample room as it is approximately 20-30m high and 5-8m wide. When in flower the Rosea variety produces an abundance of distinct dark red brush like flowers. 50-100 years

Leaves & barkLanceolate leaves (pointed at both ends), approximately 13-2.5 cm long, are a consistent grey-green and grow in large numbers from secondary branches. The lowest fifth of the trunk is rough bark whilst the rest is a soft, smooth, unwavering bluish-grey.

Flowers & Seed podsRosea has red flowers, other varieties display white or pink flowers all which develop though winter. The Nectar of all subspecies provides food for birds (introduced and native) and older trees with hollows offer prime real estate. The flower colour of seedlings is not constant to its parent plant however there is more chance a red flower bearing tree will produce red-flowered offspring.

Preferred Growing Conditions / Cultivation Easily propagates from seed, saplings grow well in hot overhead sun and well-drained moist soils. Fully grown specimens are tolerant of most soil types and climatic condition and can withstand

drought and occasional flood. The tree will stay smaller in drier soil. Found natively on the Adelaide plains and hills face and coastal plains.

Susceptibility to Pest, Disease, Climatic Extremes It does not tolerate intense tropical climates although it can grow healthy in sub tropic areas. Scale insects are the most common pest to be found on the leaves of a blue gum, although it is rare for the tree to be critically affected. Gummosis can occur if the tree is stimulated by adverse weather conditions, infections, insect problems, or mechanical damage.

Maintenance Required Low maintenance and low water use, it can drop a reasonably amount of leaf litter however.

Uses in Plant Design The plant can be harnessed as a windbreak or for its informal screening abilities as a street tree or shade tree. It is only suitable for very large gardens as its canopy and root system large, and so can provide great shade for gardens and parks. Visually it can suit a range of mediterranean, coastal and bush designs. In a native context it can attract/bolster birds and insects populations with its flowers. With Its spaced branches allow it to be planted under power lines.


Map Red shows native populations of Eucalyptus leucoxylon

TREE / NATIVEEucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. Megalocarpa var. RoseaFamily Myrtaceae South Australian Blue Gum

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Description Growing natively across inland Australian the ruby saltbush is a hardy, fast growing perennial groundcover; excellent for planting under trees and larger shrubs. Attractive and edible red berries appear in spring and also support the native fauna population, making this an enchanting plant with more than one benefit.

Leaves It’s Cylindrical, semi-succulent, evergreen leaves, grow up to 2 cm long and are covered with fine white hairs. Providing its attractive silver-grey foliage.

Flowers & Seed pods & FruitFlowers in spring are 2-5mm wide, and so do not aid much in the overall appearance of the plant. However as they develop they become an attractive display of firm yellow berries in late summer. And through to early autumn ripen to red becoming succulent and edible. These fruit hold large quantities of black seed, 2-3 seeds each minuscule berry. These seeds are a good food source for birds and lizards.

Preferred Growing Conditions / Cultivation The ruby saltbush prefers a full sun or semi-shaded position, it is most likely establish in areas receiving approximately 275mm annual rainfall. Found natively over 90% of Australia, the species is recorded in dry arid regions to salt marsh habitats in tropical, sub-tropical, and temperate regions. It can grow in a wide range of poor soils including coastal,

partially stabilised and riverine clay loams more commonly in saline depressions, and deep siliceous, sandy soils. The species is propagated successfully from seed or cuttings, germination should occur in one to four weeks. For cuttings a well-drained soil kept moist without excessive overhead watering, is desirable. Susceptibility to Pest, Disease, Climatic Extremes Sensitive to overgrazing and waterlogging, however is frost tolerant and can withstand high salt concentration and sand-bearing winds, such as the southern ocean winds on Australia’s coast. Maintenance Required Very low maintenance, no pruning required although they can be pruned after fruiting in autumn to retain a desirable form, in most cases rainfall is enough for the plants water requirements.

Uses in Plant Design Useful for a range of situations; and can be planting in clumps or long strips, such as boarders, for larger landscape projects. Exceptional ground cover under lush dark intense large trees and shrubs for contrast with its light silver foliage and will establish in steep slopes and rock faces.


Map red shows native/best growing climates.

SHRUB / NATIVEEnchylaena tomentosa sp. E. tomentosaFamily ChenopodiaceaeR u b y S a l t b u s h

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DescriptionSpotted Gum or Corymbia maculate is a tall tree with a straight trunk, growing up to 45 metres in height (sometimes taller). However, there is an old reference to a 91 metre tall tree. A tall tree with a straight truck called a Spotted Gum can grow up to 45 metres in height but sometimes taller. The leaves are lanceolate and are 10 to 21 cm long and 1.5 to 3 cm wide.

LeavesThe leaves of the Corymbia maculata are dark green and slightly leathery. It has distinguished features between this species and the Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum).

FlowersThis plant has white flowers that would appear during winter and spring. However it can’t be seen due to its high canopy.

Bark and seed podsThe bark is mottled with patches of cream, blue-grey and occasionally pink-red colouring.

Preferred growing conditions/ cultivationThe corymbia maculata grows in open forests. It can cultivate on a wide range of soils but is common on shales or sandstone. Prefers well-drained sites on valley slopes, or on ridges if the soil is not too drySusceptibility to pest, disease, climatic extremesWood pest such as termites can be dangerous for the tree

Maintenance requiredIt requires low maintenance due slow growth.

Uses in plant designThey are striking when planted as a group or avenue, and make spectacular specimen trees. Fast growing; generally frost tender when young but provenances from inland areas are more frost tolerant. Useful high level covers in windbreaks; attractive shade or specimen tree.

Map RED shows best growing climates.

Origin A native plant in South Australia

TREE / NATIVECorymbia maculataFamily Myrtaceae Spotted Gum


Further readings:

http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/resources/private-forestry/paddock-plants/Corymbia-macu-lata-Spotted-Gum.pdf

http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/Sustainability/UrbanForest/Documents/spotted_gum_fact_sheet.pdfhttp://www.woodsolutions.com.au/Wood-Species/spotted-gum

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DescriptionOlearia pannosa is a shrub that can sprear about 10-20 metres in length and grows up to 1.5 metres in height. It flowers between August and October and seeds are ripe as early as December. Olearia pannosa subsp. cardiophylla has been listed species that is under threat by Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (Department of Sustainability and Environment of Victoria).

Leaves The leaves are broad ovate to elliptic and shiny.

FlowersThe flowers have white rays and yellow centres and are alone on the end of the branches.

Bark and seed pods Most natural populations are small and isolated, have low seed set and negligible seedling recruitment.

Preferred growing conditions/ cultivationThe species is restricted to shallow, rocky soils in woodland or open forest while in South Australia, it is found in Mallee and areas with flat, sandy terrain.

Maintenance RequiredRecruitment and monitoring are necessary as it has very low seed set and extremely low growth rate. For example, in a well-monitored park such as botanical garden to ensure the chance of survival of threatened species.

Uses in Plant Design Cultivating the threatened species to avoid their complete extinction and educating the public on conservation issues.

Map BLUE shows best growing climates.

Origin Native to the forest area of South Australia.

SHRUB / NATIVEOlearia pannosa subsp. pannosaFamily AsteraceaeS I L V E R D A I S Y B U S H


References and Further Reading Cropper, S. C. (1993). Management of Endangered Plants. . Victoria: CSIRO Publications

WalkingTrails Support Group. (n.d.) Olearia Pannosa Photo. Retrieved from http://walkingtrailssupportgroup.org.au/dutchmansternhikepic page.htm

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Description Melaleuca decussata is a rounded shrub with slightly weeping branches and can grow up to 2 metres. It is a pretty feature specimen when in flower. Bees are often seen on these flowers. It is native to South Australia and both native and naturalised in Victoria.

Leaves The leaves are small and flat, opposite and decussate, forming a cross when the stem is viewed ‘end-on’. The leaves are narrow grey-green.

Flowers The flowers are an abundant display of small, mauve bottlebrush. Small, purple flowers appear in late spring-summer. These fade to white with age.

Bark and seed pods The wood of the growing branches gradually absorbs the seed capsules into it, and they remain as a swollen section of the branch which gives the supposed appearance of a totem-pole

Susceptibility to Pest, Disease, Climatic Extremes It has low susceptibility to insect-attack; as no insect pests reported. Will grow in both acid and alkaline conditions.

Preferred growing conditions/ cultivationThe species can cope with both moist and dry situations. It tolerates of most soil types, dry periods, wet situations and light frost.

Maintenance Required A fast-growing, reliable amenity tree with a straight trunk and does not shed branches. Monitoring and cutting are required as it may perturb other neighbouring plants.

Uses in Plant Design It is an excellent small windbreak firewood and ornamental. It can also be used as hedge or screen. Suitable for large ground or park


Origin Native to both South Australia and Victoria

SHRUB / NATIVEMelaleuca decussataFamily Myrtaceae Cross-leaf Honey-myrtle


References and Further Reading

Crawford, D. (1995). Trees for Saltland : A guide to selecting native species for Australia. Melbourne, Australia: Csiro Publishing

Victorian Resources Online. (2011) De-partment of Primary Industries. Retrieved from http://vrp.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vros-ite.nsf/pages/water_sss_totet_poles

Wilson, P. G. (2010). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. X, Flowering Plants. Eudicots. pg 212-271.

Doi:10.1007/978-3-642-1439 7-7_14

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DescriptionThe river Bottle Brush can normally between 3 and 7m tall tall with flexible, even drooping branches. Its leaves are narrow and pointed being around 2-5 cm long and 2-9mm. The leaves are grey-green and tapering at both ends, young leaves are silky and have a red colour. The Bottle Brush has flower spikes that are cream or flower.

Leaves Its leaves are narrow and pointed being around 2-5 cm long and 2-9mm. The leaves are grey-green and tapering at both ends, young leaves are silky and have a red colour. FlowersFlower Spikes 3-5 cm long. Colour is generally cream or pale but occasionally pink. The flowers bloom in late spring to early summer.

SeedsThe Seed capsules are small and woddy, ranging from 4-5mm across. Preferred Growing Conditions / Cultivation Usually grows amongst rocks along waterways, especially in open valleys. It grows best in moist soild but is capable of growing in most soil types, even those high in clay or soils that are acidic.

Susceptibility to Pest, Disease, Climatic Extremes Is very hardy and capable of toloerating water logging and poor drainage, as well as long dry spells.It is also capable of surviving poor and acidic soils.

Matainance RequiredResponds well to pruning which promotes denser growth.

Uses in plant design Is useful for controlling erosion on stream beds. Due to the fact that it is fast growing, it is useful as low level cover in windbreaks. It provides shade and is an insect source for fish. The flowers are a good nectar source for native birds, moths butterflies and other insects, as well as being a source of refuge for these animals.

Bibliography


Map Red shows best growing climates.

Origin Native to South Eastern Australia

Shrub / NATIVECallistemon sieberiFamily MYRTACEAER i v e r B o t t l e b r u s h

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Description The sugar gum has a fine and even texture due to the self-pruning nature of the species. The barksheds in irregular patches producing a surface of colour ranging from off white to tan to bluish grey. Sugar gums can grow up to 35m in height with a straight trunk and steep branches occurring about halfway up. Its foliage is clusted at the ends of its braches which gives the tree an umbrella look Leaves & barkThe leaves are a dark, glossy green on the surface but much paler on the underside. The bark is smooth and grey, shedding in irregular patches to reveal the colour underneath. Flowers & Seed podsThe flowers are white and appear between janurary and April in clusters of 11 or more. Its seeds are available for collection 12 months after flowwering. Each tree can have between 120-150 seeds. Preferred Growing Conditions / Cultivation Is native to South Australia where it had three distinct, seperate populations, the Flinders ranges, Kangaroo Island and the Eyre Peninsula. It naturally grows on ridge tops and upper sloped except on Kangaroo Island where it grows near creeks. The sugar gum grows best in skeletal soils, but can also be found on solonised brown soils and sands, however it grows poorly on very fine sands. It generally grows best in low rainfall areas with a winter maximum of 400-600mm

Susceptibility to Pest, Disease, Climatic Extremes It is rare that the Sugar gum will be affected significantly by any insects or pathogens. its main pests are the Christmas beetle (Anoplognathusspp.), gumtree scale (Eriococcuscoriaceus), leaf beetle (Chrysophtharta spp., paropasis spp.) and sawfly (perga spp.). It is generally hardy but does not do well in soil with poor drainage or areas with temperatures below -2.

Maintenance Required Low maintenance and low water use, it can drop a reasonably amount of leaf litter however.

Uses in Plant Design It has a preading and competitive root system that makes it unsuitable for all but the largest gardens. In parks it provides excellent shade and wind cover and can be effectively used as a street tree. In addition to this it provides housing for many native bird and insect species.



Origin Native to the Flinders Ranges, Eyre Peninsula and Kangaroo Island

TREE / NATIVEEucalyptus cladocalyxFamily Myrtaceae S u g a r G u m

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Description The early Nancy is a small lilly that grows from a tuber and is invisable for much of the year, untill early spring when fresh shoots emerge that can quickly grow up to 30cm. Leaves Its leaves alternate up the stemand are threadlike, being 10-35 cm long but only 0.2010mm wide. These long leaves are green, flat and hairless.

Flowers The flowers look as though they have six petals but in acutality they have three petals and three sepals that are hard to differentiate. Each flower is white and has a distinctive inner circle ranging from maroon to purple to reddish in colour. Flowering occurs in winter and spring between July and October. Preferred Growing Conditions / Cultivation The Early Nancy is widespread throughout Australia but their preferred habitat is in grassy areas. They do well on seepage sloped or other seasonally damp places. Susceptibility to Pest, Disease, Climatic Extremes during particularly hot or dry weather the plant will remain dormant and the plants will be practically invisably untill weather better permits flowering however the plant has few pests and is reasonable hardy.

Maintenance Required Are low maintanace, however, they are capable of colonising a sparse area of grassland over only a few seasons if left unchecked.

Uses in plant design The small white flowers of the early nancy provide some nice aesthetic quality and as a native species are considered to be of considerable conservation significance.



Origin Common throughout Australia in areas of grassland.

SHRUB / NATIVEWurmbea dioicaFamily ColchicaceaeE a r l y N a n c y

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Description

A small shrub or tree, it grows to a height 5m but sometimes taller with white, pruinose bark on branches near the crown. It grows on a range of sites, from rocky ridge tops to low undulating terrain, and on variety soils including calcareous sands, clays and shallow, stony loans. Mostly known to grow in Victoria, southeastern Australia, Peninsula and Kangaroo Island and grows mainly during August to October but can extend from July to November.

LeavesShiny dark green leaves are sickle- shaped, 9cm to 15cmwide and 1cm to 3.5cm wide. New growth has a bronze coloration.

FlowersBright yellow inflorescence, which appears in groups of 2.5cm to 9cm during July to November (late winter to early summer).

Bark and Seed PodsSeed pots can be flattish, straight or slightly curved from 0.5cm to 0.8cm wide and 5cm to 14cm long. Initially bright green maturing to dark brown and have slight constrictions between seeds. High tannin content in bark with edible seeds.

Preferred Growing Conditions/ CultivationAcacia Pycnantha has a degree of frost tolerance and is adaptable to a wide range of soil conditions, but prefers good drainage. Tolerates heavy

soils in dry climates, as well as mild soil salinity. It can suffer yellowing in limestone-based (alkaline) soils. Highly drought-tolerant which needs 37cm to –55cm winter rainfall for cultivation. It is vulnerable to gall attack in cultivation. Susceptibility to Pest, Disease, Climatic ExtremesFire sensitivity, killed by severe fires (seeder).

Maintenance RequiredRequires high maintenance due to fast growth.

Uses in Plant DesignStriking when planted alone, make spectacular specimen trees. Fast growing; abundant flowers when young. Not suitable for pots

J O A N G I T A R I / A 1 6 5 5 3 1 4

TREE / NATIVEAcacia Pycnantha sp. Hardwood Family Mimosaceae genus AcaciaG o l d e n W a t t l e

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o Description Callistemon Sieberi, a small attractive shrub with cream flower spikes which has leaves that are 2cm to 5cm long and wide with pointed tips; new growth of pinkish leaves. Sprouts between November and January. It is native in both South Australia and New South Wales.o Leaves Cream pale yellow and new pink flower leaves with green water repellent leaves.o Flowers Cream filaments with pinkish centres and green leaves at the bottom of the branch. o Bark and Seed Pods Seed contains yellowish covering with hard shell and is sickle- shaped measuring 20cm in length. Corky barks.o Preferred Growing Conditions/ Cultivation Callistemon Sieberi spreads along dry and rocky riverbeds and gullies.o Susceptibility to Pest, Disease, Climatic Extremes Provides provide food resources during summer and can survive through extreme drought conditions. Can be attacked by caterpillars or sawflies in autumn. Not shown susceptibility to myrtle rust incursion. Refer to your specialist plant retailer for advice on ways to manage any problems.

o Maintenance Required Suited to low water with low maintenance. Pruned annually to maintain compact habitat.o Uses in Plant Design Ornamental, ideal for landscaping and is fast growing, good for screening/hedges.

TREE / NATIVECallistemon SieberiFamily MytraceaeR i v e r B o t t l e b r u s h

J O A N G I T A R I / A 1 6 5 5 3 1 4

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o Description Lotus Australis is an attractive “cottage” plant with mass light pink pea flowers in spring. It grows 60cm high, sparsely pubescent to glabrous mostly between September to November.o Leaves The leaves are a trifoliate shape and are small, with a light green colour.o Flowers During spring, the plant bursts into beautiful massed displays of white pea flowers. o Bark and Seed Pods Stiff tubular beans, which explode when they dry, releasing multiple small, black legume seeds during summer.o Preferred Growing Conditions/ Cultivation It requires well-drained soil to mature. Can cope with moist and dry climatic conditions.o Susceptibility to Pest, Disease, Climatic Extremes It has a high susceptibility to insect-attack; especially from lilly pilly and red- legged earth. Will grow in extreme dry conditions.

o Maintenance Required Low maintenance, fast-growing, grey- green drooping foliage. o Uses in Plant Design It is an excellent for ornamental and suitable for pots.

SHRUB / NATIVELotus AustralisFamily FabaceaeA u s t r a l T r e f o i l

J O A N G I T A R I / A 1 6 5 5 3 1 4

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DescriptionA small to medium sized and fast growing tree which provides all year fruit grows to 4-10m tall and 2-3m width. Usually found in sunny open position in grassy woodland and rocky soils.

Leaves Tiny pointed leaves like needle shape cover grey green dropping branchlets 40cm long and about 1.2mm diameter.

FlowersSeparate Male and female plants. Male plant produces golden flowers, 3-12cm long, during autumn, while female plant produces red flowers and fruit, cylindrical woody cones, with 25-50mm long 20–30 mm across.

Bark and seed podsFurrowed bark is rough and grey. Viable seed occurs on female trees only.

Preferred Growing Conditions / Cultivation Tree grows well in sunny open space and well-drained soils. Well tolerated of drought, frost and wind.

Susceptibility to Pest, Disease, Climatic Extremes Fire sensitive and fruits are eaten by pest.

Recommended use Excellent firewood with little flame and a glowing charcoal fire. Implements and weapons from the wood were made by aboriginal people.

Further Readinghttp://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/resources/private-for-estry/paddock-plants/Allocasuarina-verticillata-Drooping-She-oak.pdfhttp://ccma.vic.gov.au/GLOBAL/uploaded/Speciesnotes-Allo-casuarinaverticillata.pdfhttps://www.treesforlife.org.au/sites/default/files/Allocasuari-na%20germination.pdf

M A U H O K O / A 1 6 4 0 8 5 2

Origin Natural populations of Allocasuarina verticillata

TREE / NATIVEFamily Allocasuarina verticillataD r o o p i n g S h e o a k

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Description A medium sized shrub spreading tufted perennial with green leaves, up to 1m tall which is flowering from spring to early summer and produces small dark blue berries.

LeavesBluish green linear leaves up to 70cm-85cm long. Recurved and finely serrated at leaf margins.

FlowersSmall deep blue to purple flowers are held in a loose to dense panicle on branching stems to 1m in height.

Preferred Growing Conditions / Cultivation Sandy, sandy loam and clay soil are suitable. Well growing in sunny flat, depressed areas.

Susceptibility to Pest, Disease, Climatic Extremes Poor soils and rain cause diseases.

Recommended useUse for mass planting in a landscape projects. Berries were also used to make a dye by aboriginal people.

Further Readinghttp://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/resources/private-for-estry/paddock-plants/Dianella-revoluta-Spreading-Flax-Lily.pdfhttp://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/interns-2007/dianella-revoluta.htmlhttp://www.ozbreed.com.au/revelation.html

M A U H O K O / A 1 6 4 0 8 5 2

Origin Natural populations of Dianella revoluta

SHRUB / NATIVE Family Dianella revolutaBlack Anther Flax-lily

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Description A fast growing small evergreen shrub with tiny leaves and masses of pale purple flowers which is about 1.2m in height is flowering from spring to early winter.

Leaves Narrow linear leaves are up to 4-8 mm long with flat and recurved margins.

FlowersWhite with Yellow centre with small-head flowers appear during autumn.

Preferred Growing Conditions / Cultivation Prefers soils and open sunny space. Smoke benefits in reducing the number of days to germination Tolerated of drought. Susceptibility to Pest, Disease, Climatic Extremes No water required. Hugh amount of water may kill the shrub.

Recommended useUse for mass planting in a landscape projects.

Further Readinghttp://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/resources/private-for-estry/paddock-plants/Dianella-revoluta-Spreading-Flax-Lily.pdfhttp://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/interns-2007/dianella-revoluta.htmlhttp://www.ozbreed.com.au/revelation.html

M A U H O K O / A 1 6 4 0 8 5 2

Origin Natural populations of Dianella revoluta

SHRUB / NATIVEFamily Olearia ramulosaT w i g g y D a i s y B u s h

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P L A N T I D P A U L J A C O B B A R T S C H / A 1 6 6 8 3 6 2 E u c a l y p t u s l e u c o x y l o n

E n c h y l a e n a t o m e n t o s a

K e n n e d i a r u b i c u n d a

D A N N I I Y L I A N O O R D A H L A N / A 1 6 4 1 7 6 3 O l e a r i a p a n n o s a

M e l a l e u c a d e c u s s a t a

C o r y m b i a m a c u l a t a

B I B L I O G R A P H Y

References and Further ReadingCrawford, D. (1995). Trees for Saltland : A guide to selecting native species for Australia. Melbourne, Australia: Csiro PublishingVictorian Resources Online. (2011) Department of Primary Industries. Retrieved from http://vrp.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/water_sss_totet_polesWilson, P. G. (2010). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. X, Flowering Plants. Eudicots. pg 212-271. Doi:10.1007/978-3-642-1439 7-7_14

Further readings:http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/resources/private-forestry/paddock-plants/Corymbia-maculata-Spotted-Gum.pdfhttp://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/Sustainability/UrbanForest/Documents/spotted_gum_fact_sheet.pdfhttp://www.woodsolutions.com.au/Wood-Species/spotted-gum

References and Further Reading Cropper, S. C. (1993). Management of Endangered Plants. . Victoria: CSIRO Publications WalkingTrails Support Group. (n.d.) Olearia Pannosa Photo. Retrieved from http://walkingtrailssupportgroup.org.au/dutchmansternhikepic page.htm


CALLISTEMON SIEBERI H T T P : / / W W W . D P I . N S W . G O V. A U / A G R I C U L T U R E / R E S O U R C E S / P R I V A T E - F O R E S T R Y / P A D D O C K - P L A N T S / C A L L I S T E M O N - S I E B E R I - R I V E R - B O T T L E B R U S H . P D F H T T P : / / W W W . V I C T O R I A N N A T I V E S E E D . C O M . A U / ? P R O D U C T = R I V E R - B O T T L E B R U S H

EUCALYPTUS CLADOCALYX H T T P : / / W W W . D P I . N S W . G O V. A U / _ _ D A T A / A S S E T S / P D F _ F I L E / 0 0 0 7 / 3 6 4 8 3 1 / E U C A L Y P T U S - C L A D O C A L Y X . P D F H T T P : / / W W W . W O O D S O L U T I O N S . C O M . A U / W O O D - S P E C I E S / S U G A R - G U M

WURMBEA DIOICA H T T P : / / S T E P. A S N . A U / W P - C O N T E N T / U P L O A D S / 2 0 1 3 / 0 6 / W U R M B E A - D I O I C A - E A R L Y- N A N C Y. P D F

H T T P : / / W W W . O Z N A T I V E P L A N T S . C O M / P L A N T D E T A I L / E A R L Y- N A N C Y / W U R M B E A / D I O I C A / Z Z . H T M L T T P : / / K E Y S . L U C I D C E N T R A L . O R G / K E Y S / V 3 / S C O T I A / K E Y / P L A N T S % 2 0 A N D % 2 0 F U N G I % 2 0

City of Norwood. (15 March 2007). Common Local Native Species of the Adelaide Plains. http://www.npsp.sa.gov.au/files/batch1350970644_local_native_plants_brochure_jun07.pdf.“eucalypts,” last modified 11th December 2007, http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-sto-ry/eucalypts “Learn about eucalypts,” last modified 18th August, 2001, http://www.publish.csiro.au/samples/eu-clidsample/html/learn.htm

City of Norwood. (15 March 2007). Common Local Native Species of the Adelaide Plains. http://www.npsp.sa.gov.au/files/batch1350970644_local_native_plants_brochure_jun07.pdf.“Ruby Saltbush, Barrier Saltbush,” last edited 2005 http://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/gnp13/enchylae-na-tomentosa.html Government of Western Australia. (20 February 2014). Fauna guide - Ruby saltbush (Enchylaena tomentosa). https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/ruby-saltbush.

City of Norwood. (15 March 2007). Common Local Native Species of the Adelaide Plains. http://www.npsp.sa.gov.au/files/batch1350970644_local_native_plants_brochure_jun07.pdf.“Kennedia rubicunda Vent.,” last modified n/a n/a 1991, http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Kennedia~rubicunda “Aus. Tropical Rain Forest Plants - Kennedia rubicunda,” last modified 1 April 2008, http://keys.trin.org.au/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Kennedia_ru-bicunda.htm

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P L A N T I DJ O A N G I T A R I / A 1 6 5 5 3 1 4 C H O S E N P L A N T 1 h t t p : / / p l a n t n e t . r b g s y d . n s w . g o v . a u / c g i - b i n / N S W f l . p l ? p a g e = n s w f l & l v -l = s p & n a m e = L o t u s ~ a u s t r a l i sh t t p : / / p l a n t t h i s . c o m . a u / p l a n t - i n f o r m a t i o n . a s p ? g a r d e n e r = 1 7 9 8 4 & t a b -v i e w = m a i n t e n a n c e & p l a n t S p o t =h t t p : / / w w w . n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s . s a . g o v . a u

C H O S E N P L A N T 2 w w w . r a m m . c o m . a u / w p - c o n t e n t / u p l o a d s / 2 0 1 2 / 0 3 / C a l l i s t e m o n - s e r i e s . p d fh t t p : / / w w w . l a t r o b e . e d u . a u / w i l d l i f e / d o w n l o a d s / P l a n t s - f o r - S e n s o r y -G a r d e n . p d fh t t p : / / p l a n t n e t . r b g s y d . n s w . g o v . a u / c g i - b i n / N S W f l .p l ? p a g e = n s w f l & l v l = s p & n a m e = C a l l i s t e m o n ~ s i e b e r ih t t p : / / p l a n t s a n d l a n d s c a p e s . c o m . a u / p r o v _ s i t e / C a l l i s t e m o n _ s i e b e r ih t t p : / / w w w . r a m m . c o m . a u / w p - c o n t e n t / u p l o a d s / 2 0 1 2 / 0 3 / C a l l i s t e m o n -s e r i e s . p d f

C H O S E N P L A N T 3 h t t p : / / k e y s e r v e r . l u c i d c e n t r a l . o r g / w e e d s / d a t a / 0 3 0 3 0 8 0 0 - 0 b 0 7 - 4 9 0 a -8 d 0 4 - 0 6 0 5 0 3 0 c 0 f 0 1 / m e d i a / H t m l / A c a c i a _ p y c n a n t h a . h t mh t t p : / / w w w . f l o r a b a n k . o r g . a u / l u c i d / k e y / s p e c i e s % 2 0 n a v i g a t o r / m e d i a /h t m l / A c a c i a _ p y c n a n t h a . h t mh t t p s : / / w w w . t r e e s f o r l i f e . o r g . a u / s i t e s / d e f a u l t / f i l e s / A c a c i a % 2 0p y c n a n t h a % 2 0 g e r m i n a t i o n _ 0 . p d f

M A U H O K O / A 1 6 4 0 8 5 2

A l l o c a s u a r i n a v e r t i c i l l a t a

D i a n e l l a r e v o l u t a

O l e a r i a r a m u l o s a B R U N O A T A I D E M A R T I N S / A 1 6 4 0 6 3 4 C H O S E N P L A N T 1

C H O S E N P L A N T 2

C H O S E N P L A N T 3


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B I B L I O G R A P H YR E P O R T S T A N D A N YA C U L T U R A L C E N T R E P A U L J A C O B B A R T S C H / A 1 6 6 8 3 6 2

V I C T O R I A S Q U A R E D A N N I I Y L I A N O O R D A H L A N / A 1 6 4 1 7 6 3

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Images

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Adelaide City Council. “Tarndanyangga/Victoria Square Report,” Adelaide Parklands and Squares. Adelaide City: Australia. Adelaide City Council. Accessed on September 22, 2014. http://www.ade-laidecitycouncil.com/assets/documents/apl_3.1.33_sq_victoria_square_report.pdf

Lethlean, Taylor Cullity. “Victoria Square Tarndanyangga Regeneration Masterplan Report,” Urban Regeneration Project. Adelaide: Australia. Adelaide City Council, 2010. Accessed on September 24, 2014. http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/assets/acc/Environment/plans-policies/docs/vst_design-team_report.pdf

imageshttp://architectureau.com/articles/victoria-square-masterplan/

Lethlean, Taylor Cullity. “Victoria Square Tarndanyangga Regeneration Masterplan Report,” Urban Regeneration Project. 2010, Landscape. Adelaide: Australia. Adelaide City Council,. Available from http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/assets/acc/Environment/plans-policies/docs/vst_designteam_report.pdf (accessed on September 24, 2014).

http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/adelaide-city-council-reveals-master-plan-for-95-million-victoria-square-redevelopment/story-e6frea83-1226347668984

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R E P O R T S C E N T R A L B U S S T A T I O N L A C H L A N D O R R I A N / A 1 6 6 9 0 7 7 To , K i e n a n d J o h n E . F e r n a n d e z . “A l t e r n a t i v e U r b a n Te c h n o l o g y D e m o n s t r a t i o n P r o j e c t s f o r I n n o v a t i v e C i t i e s ”. P a p e r p r e s e n t e d a t t h e T h i r d I n t e r n a t i o n a l E n g i n e e r i n g S y s t e m s S y m p o s i u m , D e l f t , N e t h e r l a n d s , J u n e 1 8 - 2 0 , 2 0 1 2

Ž i v a n o v i ć , Z l a t o m i r a n d Z o r a n N i k o l i ć . “ T h e A p p l i c a t i o n o f E l e c t r i c D r i v e Te c h n o l o g i e s i n C i t y B u s e s ” i n N e w G e n e r a t i o n o f E l e c t r i c Ve h i c l e s , 1 6 5 - 2 0 3 . I n Te c h P u b l i s h i n g , 2 0 1 2 A d e l a i d e C i t y C o u n c i l . “ T i n d o F a c t S h e e t ”. L a s t m o d i f i e d O c t o b e r 2 6 , 2 0 1 4 , h t t p : / / w w w . a d e l a i d e c i t y c o u n c i l . c o m / a s s e t s / a c c / E n v i r o n m e n t / e n e r g y / d o c s / t i n d o _ f a c t _ s h e e t . p d f D e p a r t m e n t o f t h e E n v i r o n m e n t ( 2 0 1 3 ) A u s t r a l i a n N a t i o n a l G r e e n h o u s e A c c o u n t s : Q u a r t e r l y U p d a t e o f A u s t r a l i a ’ s N a t i o n a l G r e e n h o u s e G a s i n v e n t o r y , M a r c h Q u a r t e r 2 0 1 3 . A v a i l a b l e a t : h t t p : / / w w w . e n v i r o n m e n t . g o v . a u / s y s t e m / f i l e s / r e s o u r c e s / 2 c e 4 e f 1 6 - 9 4 3 0 - 4 7 8 2 - 9 8 2 d - a 2 d 2 1 5 3 7 3 d 8 d / f i l e s / 4 p p - a d a p t i n g - c l i m a t e - c h a n g e - r e m o t e - r o v i a n a . p d f A c c e s s e d : O c t o b e r 2 6 2 0 1 4 .

S A W A T E R B U I L D I N G J O A N G I T A R I / A 1 6 5 5 3 1 4


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R E P O R T S S O U T H A U S T R A L I A N M U S E U M M A U H O K O / A 1 6 4 0 8 5 2

E N E R G Y S A V I N G I N I T I A T I V E B R U N O A T A I D E M A R T I N S / A 1 6 4 0 6 3 4


Adelaide City Council. 2013. Spring 2013 Council Manager; Adelaide sets the pace on sustainability. 17.

Adelaide City Council. 2014. Environmentally Sustainable City. 1-2. Accessed October 11, 2014. https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CDc-QFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaidecitycouncil.com%2Fassets%2Fdocuments%2FNATGEO-ade-laide-environmentally-sustainable-city.pdf%3Futm_source%3Dmedia%2520release%26utm_medium%3D-PDF-download%26utm_content%3Dsustainable-city%26utm_campaign%3DNatGeo&ei=4g1JVNON-F8S2mAWt64HQBA&usg=AFQjCNER50V193cdJI9zhdv4u3O2FcFa3g&bvm=bv.77880786,d.dGY

Adelaide City Council. N.d. LED lights; Statistics – Stage 1-3(2010-2013).

images Adelaide Town Hall. Source: http://www.sarkissian.com.au/wendys-blog/personal-posts-by-wendy-sark-issian/funeral-kevin-ross-taylor/Victoria Square Christmas Tree. Source: http://www.sensational-adelaide.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=1241&start=45al-posts-by-wendy-sarkissian/funeral-kevin-ross-taylor/River Torrens. Source: http://www.ausphotography.net.au/forum/showthread.php?133649-The-River-Tor-rens-and-Adelaide-at-night

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Daniels, Christopher B.. Adelaide: water of a city. Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 2010.

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Images

South Australian Museum, http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/venue-hire

South Australian Sites, https://www.aila.org.au/projects/SA/TCL_SA%20Museum/images.htmv