Arduino Starter Kit

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Arduino Starter kit Users Manual

What is the Arduino Starter Kit ?

Package Include:1, 1 X Arduino Duemilnove ATmega 328 board2, 1 X Prototyping Shield3, 1 X Mini breadbord4, 1 X bundle Breadboard Jump Wires (Approximately 70 pcs)5, 1 X 9v power adapter6, 1 X 40Pin Straight Male Headers7, 1 X Universal board8, 1 X IR Remote Control9, 1 X Infrared Receiver10, 1 X LM35 Temperature Sensor11, 1 X Ambient Light sensor12, 1 X Tilt switch sensor13, 1 X 1602 LCD Dispaly ( default blue one, or you can choose the green one)14, 1 X 7seg-4digit LED Display15, 1 X Rotary Potentiometer

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16, 1 X Buzzer17, 5 X Mini Push Button18, 1 X 2P Screw Terminal Block Connector 5mm19, 4 X Red LED 3mm20, 4 X Yellow LED 3mm21, 4 X Green LED 3mm22, 2 X Blue LED 3mm23, 1 X color LED 5mm24, 10 X 220Ω Resistors25, 10 X 1 kΩ Resistors26, 10 X 10 kΩ Resistors27, 1x High quality electronic tool plastic Box28, Email CD ROM information( Lessons and User Manuals )

Mini Solderless Breadboard

The mini breadboard has 170 Tie points. It is Compatible with all kind ofProtoShield. Completely reusable,Reusable for fast build a prototype of an electroniccircuit. With Twin adhesive back, it could be fix and remove to any position easily. ItsDimension: 45mm (L) X 34.5mm (W) X 9.5mm (H).

This mini breadboard has 10 rows 17 columns point. And the top and bottom Five rowcolumns are separate columns, with no internal connections made between them inside thebreadboard. The only five internal connections inside the breadboard are to any five verticalconsecutive holes . So the five point which are in one column is connected internally.



Start with Arduino

OverviewWhat is Arduino?

Arduino is a tool for making computers that can sense and control more of the physical worldthan your desktop computer. It's an open-source physical computing platform based on a simplemicrocontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for the board.

Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches orsensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino projectscan be stand-alone, or they can be communicate with software running on your computer (e.g.Flash, Processing, MaxMSP.) The boards can be assembled by hand or purchased preassembled;the open-source IDE can be downloaded for free.

With this kit you can make a lot of interesting projuct.

Features :



1, Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V

2, Digital I/O Pins : 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

3, Analog Input Pins : 6

4, Support SPI communication. program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-CircuitSerial Programming) header

5, For Input power supply : It can be powered via the USB connection or with an externalpower supply.

Note : External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) orbattery, And the recommended range is 5V to 9V DC.

6, Output voltage: 5V and 3. 3V and VIN.VIN : The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as

opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supplyvoltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin. 7, Using Atmel Atmega328 microprocessor controller . 8, Sizes (W * H): 70mm X 54mm.

Language ReferenceThe Arduino language is based on C / C + + . Arduino programs can be divided in three

main parts: structure, values (variables and constants), and functions.You can check them in the Arduino website : http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage

/***************** Basic C language: ********************/

Control Structures

if if...else for switch case while do... while break continue return goto

Further Syntax

; (semicolon)

{} (curly braces)

// (single line comment)

/* */ (multi-line comment)

#define



#include

Operators

= (assignment operator)+ (addition)- (subtraction)* (multiplication)/ (division)

% (modulo)== (equal to)

!= (not equal to) < (less than) > (greater than) <= (less than or equal to)

>= (greater than or equal to)&& (and)

|| (or) ! (not)

++ (increment)-- (decrement)

+= (compound addition)-= (compound subtraction)*= (compound multiplication)/= (compound division)

Data Types ( Variables )voidboolean

char unsigned char

byte int unsigned int word long unsigned long float double string - char array String - object array

Constants ( Variables )



HIGH | LOWIt means a different meaning depending on whether a pin is set to INPUT or OUTPUT .HIGH: means high potential (+).

INPUT | OUTPUTINPUT : to be in a high-impedance stateOUTPUT : to be in a low-impedance state

true | falsefalse : is defined as 0 (zero).true : is often said to be defined as 1, which is correct, but true has a wider definition.

Any integer which is non-zero is TRUE, in a Boolean sense. So -1, 2 and -200 are all definedas true, too, in a Boolean sense.

/*******************************************************************/

/***************** Arduino Language ********************/

Structure：setup()

The setup() function is called when a sketch starts. Use it to initialize variables, pinmodes, start using libraries, etc. The setup function will only run once, after each powerup or resetof the Arduino board.

loop()After creating a setup() function, which initializes and sets the initial values, the loop()

function does precisely what its name suggests, and loops consecutively, allowing your program tochange and respond. Use it to actively control the Arduino board.

Functions

Digital I/OpinMode()

Syntax : pinMode(pin, mode)Configures the specified pin to behave either as an input or an output. Digital pins :

( 0 ~ 13 ). Mode: either INPUT or OUTPUT

digitalWrite()Syntax : digitalWrite(pin, value)Write a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital pin. Digital pins : ( 0 ~ 13 ). value:

HIGH or LOW . For example: light a LED.

digitalRead()Syntax : digitalWrite(pin, value)Reads the value from a specified digital pin, either HIGH or LOW. Digital pins :



( 0 ~ 13 ). value: HIGH or LOW . For example : read the digital sensor’s value.

Analog I/OanalogRead()

Syntax : int analogReference(pin)Reads the value from the specified analog pin. pins : 0 ~ 5 (Arduino Diecimila:

0 ~ 5 ; Arduino nano : 0～7). The Arduino board contains a 6 channel (8 channels on the Miniand Nano, 16 on the Mega)

For example : in the analog sensor (10-bit analog to digital converter. ) , this meansthat it will map input voltages between 0 and 5 volts into integer values between 0 and 1023.

analogWrite() // PWMSyntax : analogWrite(pin, value)

Writes an analog value (PWM wave) to a pin.Pin : On most Arduino boards (those with the ATmega168 or ATmega328), this

function works on pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. On the Arduino Mega, it works on pins 2through 13. Older Arduino boards with an ATmega8 only support analogWrite() on pins9, 10, and 11.

value: the duty cycle: between 0 (always off) and 255 (always on).For example : in the analog sensor (10-bit analog to digital converter. ) , this means

that it will map input voltages between 0 and 5 volts into integer values between 0 and 1023.

Timedelay()

Pauses the program for the amount of time (in miliseconds) specified as parameter.(There are 1000 milliseconds in a second.)

delayMicroseconds()Pauses the program for the amount of time (in microseconds) specified as parameter.

Math

min() : Calculates the minimum of two numbers.max() : Calculates the maximum of two numbers.abs() : Computes the absolute value of a number.constrain() : Constrains a number to be within a range.map() : Re-maps a number from one range to another.pow() : Calculates the value of a number raised to a power.sqrt() : Calculates the square root of a number.

/*****************************************************************************/

How to use Arduino board



Now, go ahead. Let.s begin with the actual operation of this kit.

1. Ready( 1 ). Find out the Prototype shield and mini breadboard from your

tool plastic Box . The item like the following picture:

( 2 ) Find out the arduino controller (Duemilnove ATmega 328 board) from your tool box too.

( 3 ). plug the Prototype shield to the Arduino 328 controller.

2. Download the Arduino Development EnvironmentGo to the Arduino website to download the software that can be run on your Operating

System.http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

3. Download the USB Driver1. First, find out the USB cable, and plug one side of the cable to your arduino Atmage 328

board. ( such as the following picture ).



2 . And then , plug the other side to your computer’s USB interface. ( such as thefollowing picture ).

3. At this time , the power LED of Atmage 328 board will be light. And your computerwill will appear A dialog box like this picture. ( I am sorry the the Operating System showingChinese.)



4 . Choose from “ a list or specific location ” , and the click “ Next ” .

5, find out the Folder : arduino-0018\drivers\FTDI USB Drivers



6 , Then click “ Next ” .

7, Finally, click “Finish”.



.

Now, you can connect your arduino board to the computer , and upload my programs to theArduino board.

3. Upload my programs (1) Make sure you have the right item selected in the Tools > Board menu. In particular,newer Arduino Duemilanove boards come with an ATmega328, while older ones have anATmega168. To check, read the text on the microcontroller (the larger chip) on your Arduinoboard.



(2) Check that the proper port is selected in the "Tools > Serial Port" menu (if your port doesn'tappear, restart the IDE with the board connected to the computer).



For the “ Serial Port” , you can check it in your computer’s Device Manager

(3) Write down your program to a new arduino file.



(4) And then compile it.

Then it will show

(5) Upload the program to your board.



When it show “Done Uploading” , That is great , the Arduino experiment works well .



Experiment

Lesson 1 : Color LED Flashing

1. What is an LED ?

The internal structure Of LED.

The longer one lead is Anode ( “+”), the another one is Cathode (“ --”) .



2 , The wiring of LED

First Experiment:Prepare: 1 X LED , 1 X 220-ohm resistor , some Jumper cable.

To build the circuit, grab an LED and attach its long, positive leg (called the anode) to pin 8through a 220-ohm resistor . Connect the cathode (the shorter, negative leg) directly to ground.



Code : open the folder led1, and open the led1.pde

In the program below, the first thing you do is to initialize pin 8 as an output pin with the linepinMode(8, OUTPUT);

In the main loop, you turn the LED on with the line:digitalWrite(8, HIGH);

This supplies 5 volts to pin 8. That creates a voltage difference across the pins of the LED, andlights it up. Then you turn it off with the line:

digitalWrite(8, LOW);That takes pin 8 back to 0 volts, and turns the LED off. In between the on and the off, you want

enough time for a person to see the change, so the delay() commands tell the Arduino to donothing for 1000 milliseconds, or one second. When you use the delay() command, nothing elsehappens for that amount of time. Once you've understood the basic examples, check out theBlinkWithoutDelay example to learn how to create a delay while doing other things.

int ledPin=8 //设定控制 LED 的数字 IO 脚

void setup()

{

pinMode(ledPin,OUTPUT);//设定数字 IO 口的模式，OUTPUT 为输出

}

void loop()

{

digitalWrite(ledPin,HIGH); //设定 PIN8 脚为 HIGH = 5V 左右

delay(1000); //设定延时时间，1000 = 1 秒

digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW); //设定 PIN8 脚为 LOW = 0V

delay(1000); //设定延时时间，1000 = 1 秒

}

From the code , We can know that arduino language start with setup() function, and Use loop()function to actively control the Arduino board .

setup() function is used to initialize variables, pin modes, start using libraries, etc. The setupfunction will only run once, after each powerup or reset of the Arduino board.

loop() : After creating a setup() function, the loop() function does precisely what its namesuggests, and loops consecutively, allowing your program to change and respond. Use it toactively control the Arduino board.

In this First Experiment, you can find that the LED flashes per 1 second.

Second Experiment:Prepare: 6 X LED , 6 X 220-ohm resistor , some Jumper cable.

To build the circuit, attach LED to digital IO pin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 through 220-ohm resistor .



Connect the cathode (the shorter, negative leg) directly to ground.

Code : open the folder led2, and open the led2.pdeUsually, we can see Billboard flashing various colors. This is because a variety of LED

in diferent localtion changing on or off . In this experiment, we use LEDs to show as the billboard.You can set the time and the sequence of flashing, so that it show different effect.

//设置控制 Led的数字 IO脚

int Led1 = 1;

int Led2 = 2;

int Led3 = 3;

int Led4 = 4;

int Led5 = 5;

int Led6 = 6;

//led灯花样显示样式 1子程序

void style_1(void)

{

unsigned char j;

for(j=1;j<=6;j++)//每隔 200ms依次点亮 1~6引脚相连的 led灯

{

digitalWrite(j,HIGH);//点亮 j引脚相连的 led灯

delay(200);//延时 200ms

}

for(j=6;j>=1;j--)//每隔 200ms依次熄灭 6~1引脚相连的 led灯

{

digitalWrite(j,LOW);//熄灭 j引脚相连的 led灯


}

}

//灯闪烁子程序



void flash(void)

{

unsigned char j,k;

for(k=0;k<=1;k++)//闪烁两次

{

for(j=1;j<=6;j++)//点亮 1~6引脚相连的 led灯

digitalWrite(j,HIGH);//点亮与 j引脚相连的 led灯


for(j=1;j<=6;j++)//熄灭 1~6引脚相连的 led灯

digitalWrite(j,LOW);//熄灭与 j引脚相连的 led灯


}

}


void style_2(void)

{

unsigned char j,k;

k=1;//设置 k的初值为 1

for(j=3;j>=1;j--)

{

digitalWrite(j,HIGH);//点亮灯

digitalWrite(j+k,HIGH);//点亮灯


k +=2;//k值加 2

}

k=5;//设置 k值为 5

for(j=1;j<=3;j++)

{

digitalWrite(j,LOW);//熄灭灯

digitalWrite(j+k,LOW);//熄灭灯


k -=2;//k值减 2

}

}


void style_3(void)

{

unsigned char j,k;//led灯花样显示样式 3子程序


for(j=1;j<=3;j++)

{








k -=2;//k值减 2

}


for(j=2;j>=1;j--)

{






k +=2;//k值加 2

}

}

void setup()

{

unsigned char i;

for(i=1;i<=6;i++)//依次设置 1~6个数字引脚为输出模式

pinMode(i,OUTPUT);//设置第 i个引脚为输出模式

}

void loop()

{

style_1();//样式 1

flash();//闪烁


flash();//闪烁


flash();//闪烁

}

In this Experiment, you can learn the “ for ” statements



The Code :for(i=1;i<=6;i++)// Set the digital IO pins(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) configured as “OUTPUT”

pinMode(i,OUTPUT);// Set the digital pins(i) configured as “OUTPUT”



Lesson 2 : buzzer Speaker.

1. What is an buzzer?

Features:1) High sound pressure with low power consumption2) Compact, lightweight3) No-contact design makes element highly reliable and eliminates noise problem4) Easily mountable5) A wide variety of tones can be generated depending on casing design

Applications:1) Telephone ringers2) Confirmation tones in various office automation equipment3) Used in a variety of consumer products such as microwave ovens and refrigerators4) Clocks, toys games5) Automobiles

In this experiment, because of the internal buzzer with a drive circuit, it can be used directly.

Prepare: 1 X buzzer Speaker , some Jumper cable.

To build the circuit, attach buzzer to digital IO pin 7 . Connect the cathode (the shorter,negative leg) directly to ground.



Code : open the folder buzzer, and open the buzzer.pdeIn this program, you will hear the Ambulance siren.

int buzzer=7;//设置控制蜂鸣器的数字 IO 脚

void setup()

{

pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);//设置数字 IO 脚模式，OUTPUT 为输出

}

void loop()

{

unsigned char i,j;//定义变量

while(1)

{

for(i=0;i<80;i++)//输出一个频率的声音

{

digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);//发声音


digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);//不发声音

delay(1);//延时 ms

}

for(i=0;i<100;i++)//输出另一个频率的声音

{

digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);//发声音


digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);//不发声音


}

}

}

In this experiment, you will use the Control Structures while .



while loops will loop continuously, and infinitely, until the expression inside the parenthesis,() becomes false. Something must change the tested variable, or the while loop will never exit.This could be in your code, such as an incremented variable, or an external condition, such astesting a sensor.



Lesson 3 : Button

1. What is an Button ?

The back and front of the Button

When the button was not pressed, it’s pin 4 and pin 1 is connecting in a circuit, and pin 3 andpin 2 is connectiong. When the button was pressed, all of it’s pins are connecting in the circuit.

First Experiment:Prepare: 1 X button (momentary button or switch), 1 X LED , 1 X 220-ohm

resistor , some Jumper cable.

To build the circuit, grab an LED and attach its long, positive leg (called the anode) to pin 7through a 220-ohm resistor . Connect the cathode (the shorter, negative leg) directly to ground.



The switch wire like the following picture, one point is to the 5 volt supply, the other connect toAnalog Pin 1

Code : open the folder key1, and open the key1.pdeIn the program, when we press the button, the led will light. Otherway, it will turn off.

int key=7;//设置控制按键的数字 IO 脚

void setup()

{

pinMode(key,OUTPUT);//设置数字 IO 引脚为输出模式

}

void loop()

{

int i;//定义变量

while(1)

{

i=analogRead(1);//读取模拟 1 口电压值

if(i>512)//如果电压值大于 512（即 0.25V）

digitalWrite(key,HIGH);//设置第七引脚为高电平，点亮 led 灯

else

digitalWrite(key,LOW);//设置第七引脚为低电平，熄灭 led 灯

}

}



Lesson 4 : preemptive response device1. Do a funny project.

Experiment:Prepare: 3 X key, 1 X buzzer , 1 X red LED , ! X green LED . 2 X 220-ohm resistor ,

some Jumper cable.

To build the circuit, attach each key’s pin 1 to the 5 Volt supply, pin 2 to the board’s AnalogPin 1 (key 1), pin 2 (key 2), pin 3 (key 3). The LED attach to Digital pin 8 (red LED), pin 7 (green LED) through 220-ohm resistor. The buzzer connect to Digital pin 5.

Code : open the folder KBL , and open the KBL.pde

int RedLed=8;//定义第八引脚连接红灯

int GreenLed=7;//定义第七引脚连接绿灯

int i;//定义变量 i

int j=0;//定义变量 j

void buzzer()//蜂鸣器发出“嘀”声音子程序

{

for(i=0;i<80;i++)



{

digitalWrite(5,HIGH);//发声音


digitalWrite(5,LOW);//不发声音

delay(1);//延时 ms

}

}

void key_scan()//按键扫描子程序

{

int key_1,key_2,key_3;//定义变量

key_1=analogRead(1);//读取模拟第一引脚的电压值

key_2=analogRead(2);//读取模拟第二引脚的电压值

key_3=analogRead(3);//读取模拟第三引脚的电压值

if(key_1<204&&key_2<204&&key_3<204)//如果各按键电压值都小于 204（即模拟值的 1V），

可以判断没有按键按下

{

return;//跳出本子函数

}

if(key_1>818)//如果按键 1 的电压值都大于 818（即模拟值的 4V），则可以判断按键 1 被按下

{

delay(10);//由于有抖动，所以延时 100ms 再一次判断

if(key_1>818)//如果按键 1 的电压值都大于 818（即模拟值的 4V），则可以判断按键 1 确实

被按下

{

buzzer();//蜂鸣器发出声音

digitalWrite(RedLed,HIGH);//红灯亮

digitalWrite(GreenLed,LOW);//绿灯灭

}

else //否则认为是抖动干扰，不做任何动作

{


}

}


{



被按下

{


digitalWrite(RedLed,LOW);//红灯灭

digitalWrite(GreenLed,HIGH);//绿灯亮



}


{


}

}


{



被按下

{


digitalWrite(RedLed,LOW);//红灯灭

digitalWrite(GreenLed,LOW);//绿灯灭

}


{


}

}

}

void setup()

{

for(i=5;i<=8;i++)

{

pinMode(i,OUTPUT);//将 5~8 引脚设置为输出模式

}

}

void loop()

{

while(1)

{

key_scan();//循环扫描按键

}

}



Lesson 5 : 7seg-4digit LED Display1. What is an 7seg-4digit LED Display?

In the following picture, there are other LED displays.

The internal structure Of LED display. This is the Common cathode 7seg-4digit LEDDisplay that we will use in this Experiment.



First Experiment:Prepare: 1 X 7seg-4digit LED Display , 8 X 220-ohm resistor , some Jumper

cable.



To build the circuit, attach the LED display’s (through a 220-ohm resistor) Pin 11, 7, 4, 2, 1,10, 5, 3 to your Arduino board’s digital Pin 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5 . Attach the LED display’s 12, 9, 8, 6 to the Ardiuno board’s digital Pin 4, 3, 2, 1 .

Code : open the folder digital_tube1 , and open the digital_tube1.pdeIn the program, It will loop to show the number from 0 to 9

//设置控制各段的数字 IO 脚

int a = 12;

int b = 11;

int c = 10;

int d = 9;

int e = 8;

int f = 7;

int g = 6;

int dp = 5;

int ls1 = 1; //最右边第一位数码管

int ls2 = 2; //第二位数码管

int ls3 = 3; //第三位数码管

int ls4 = 4; //第四位数码管

//显示数字 0 , 11111100

void digital_0(void)

{

unsigned char j;

digitalWrite(dp,LOW);//给数字 5 引脚低电平，熄灭小数点 DP 段

digitalWrite(g,LOW);//熄灭 g 段

for(j=7;j<=12;j++)//点亮其余段

digitalWrite(j,HIGH);

}

//显示数字 1 , 01100000


{

unsigned char j;

digitalWrite(a,LOW);

for(j=5;j<=9;j++)

digitalWrite(j,LOW);

digitalWrite(b,HIGH);

digitalWrite(c,HIGH);

}

//显示数字 2




{

unsigned char j;

digitalWrite(c,LOW);

digitalWrite(f,LOW);

digitalWrite(dp,LOW);

for(j=11;j<=12;j++)


for(j=8;j<=9;j++)


digitalWrite(g,HIGH);

}

//显示数字 3 22


{

unsigned char j;

digitalWrite(e,LOW);

digitalWrite(f,LOW);


for(j=9;j<=13;j++)



}

//显示数字 4


{

digitalWrite(a,LOW);

digitalWrite(d,LOW);



digitalWrite(b,HIGH);

digitalWrite(c,HIGH);

digitalWrite(f,HIGH);


}

//显示数字 5


{

unsigned char j;

digitalWrite(b,LOW);



digitalWrite(a,HIGH);



for(j=6;j<=7;j++)


for(j=9;j<=10;j++)


}

//显示数字 6


{

unsigned char j;

digitalWrite(b,LOW);


digitalWrite(a,HIGH);

for(j=6;j<=10;j++)


}

//显示数字 7


{

unsigned char j;

for(j=5;j<=9;j++)

digitalWrite(j,LOW);

for(j=10;j<=12;j++)


}

//显示数字 8


{

unsigned char j;


for(j=6;j<=12;j++)


}

//显示数字 9


{

unsigned char j;



for(j=9;j<=12;j++)


for(j=6;j<=7;j++)




}

//显示----------------------------

void Display(unsigned char mun)

{

switch (mun) {

case 0:

digital_0();//显示数字 0

break;

case 1:

digital_1();

break;

case 2:

digital_2();

break;

case 3:

digital_3();

break;

case 4:

digital_4();

break;

case 5:

digital_5();

break;

case 6:

digital_6();

break;

case 7:

digital_7();

break;

case 8:

digital_8();

break;

case 9:

digital_9();

break;

default: return;

// if nothing else matches, do the default

// default is optional

}

}

void setup()

{



int i;//定义变量

for(i=1;i<=12;i++)

pinMode(i,OUTPUT);//设置 1～12 引脚为输出模式

}

void loop()

{

unsigned char i, j, t;

while(1)

{

t = 1;

for(j=0; j<4 ; j++)

{

digitalWrite(ls1,LOW); //熄灭数码管使能端

}

for(i=0; i<=9 ; i++)

{

if(t==1) //第一位数码管显示数字

{

digitalWrite(ls4,HIGH);



digitalWrite(ls1,LOW);

}

if(t==2) //第二位数码管显示数字

{





}

if(t==3) //第三位数码管显示数字

{





}

if(t==4) //第四位数码管显示数字

{

t = 0;







}

Display(i);

delay(2000);//延时 2s

t++;

for(j=0; j<4 ; j++)

{

digitalWrite(ls1,LOW); //熄灭数码管使能端

}

}

}

}



Lesson 6 : Tilt Switch1. What is an Tilt Switch?

Tilt Switch, you can call it Shaking Switch or Position Switch . Usually we can easy to buy these style of tilt switch : SW-200D、SW-460、SW-300DA andso on.

In the experiment , we use SW-200D . SW-200D as the ball type single-directional tilt sensortrigger switch..

the product when the wizard power side (silver pin side A) tilt angle is greater than 15 degrees,in order to open OFF state, when the product is tilted to change the level of the state, the triggerterminal (gold-plated pin terminal C) below the level of angle greater than 15 degree angle, for theclosed-circuit ON state. Horizontal, the swaying can be easily triggered. The silver pin down,the shaking is not easy trigger.

First Experiment:Prepare: 1 X Tilt Switch , 1 X LED , 1 X 220-ohm resistor , some Jumper cable.



To build the circuit, grab an LED and attach its long, positive leg (called the anode) to pin 8through a 220-ohm resistor . Connect the cathode (the shorter, negative leg) directly to ground. Attach the Tilt Switch’s silver pin to the 5 volt supply, the other side to Analog Pin 5 .

Code : open the folder sketch_jun04d , and open the sketch_jun04d.pdeIn the program, when we press the button, the led will light. Otherway, it will turn off.

void setup()

{

pinMode(8,OUTPUT);//设置数字 8 引脚为输出模式

}

void loop()

{

int i;//定义变量 i

while(1)

{

i=analogRead(5);//读取模拟 5 口电压值

if(i>200)//如果大于 512（2.5V）

{

digitalWrite(8,HIGH);//点亮 led 灯

}

else//否则

{

digitalWrite(8,LOW);//熄灭 led 灯

}

}

}



Lesson 7 : Ambient Light sensor

1. What is an Ambient Light sensor ?

In the light intensity is strong , it’s resistance decreases; however , when the light is weak, thissensor’s resistance increases.

First Experiment:Prepare: 1 X Ambient Light sensor , 1 X buzzer , some Jumper cable.



To build the circuit, attach buzzer’s long, positive leg (called the anode) to pin 6 through aAmbient Light sensor . Connect the cathode (the shorter, negative leg) directly to ground. Attach the Tilt Switch’s silver pin to the 5 volt supply, the other side to Analog Pin 5 .

Code : open the folder sketch_jun17b , and open the sketch_jun17b.pdeIn the program, when the Light is stronger, the resistance of sensor will be smaller, and

then the buzzer speak louder.

void setup()

{

pinMode(6,OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

while(1)

{

char i,j;

while(1)

{

for(i=0;i<80;i++) //输出一个频率的声音

{

digitalWrite(6,HIGH);



delay(1);

digitalWrite(6,LOW);

delay(1);

}

for(i=0;i<100;i++) //输出另一个频率的声音

{

digitalWrite(6,HIGH);

delay(2);

digitalWrite(6,LOW);

delay(2);

}

}

}

}



Lesson 8 : 1602 LCD

1. What is 1602 LCD?



First Experiment:Prepare: 1 X LCD Screen , 1 X 10k Potentiometer , some Jumper cable.

To build the circuit, To wire your LED screen to your Arduino, connect the following pins:

LCD RS pin to digital pin 12

LCD Enable pin to digital pin 11

LCD D4 pin to digital pin 5






Additionally, wire a 10K pot to +5V and GND, with it's wiper (output) to LCD screen's

VO pin (pin3).

Code : open the folder lcd1602 , and open the lcd1602.pde

/*

* The circuit:



* LCD RS pin to digital pin 12

* LCD Enable pin to digital pin 11

* LCD D4 pin to digital pin 5




* 10K resistor:

* ends to +5V and ground

* wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)

*/

// include the library code:

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

void setup() {

// set up the LCD's number of rows and columns:

lcd.begin(16, 2);

}

void loop() {

lcd.setCursor(0,0); // 第一行第一个字符开始显示

lcd.print("OK: ");

lcd.setCursor(5,0); // 第一行第六个字符开始显示

lcd.print("Arduino!");

lcd.setCursor(0,1); // 第一行第六个字符开始显示

lcd.print("Yes,B2CQSHOP");

delay(500);

}



Lesson 9 : LM35 Temperature Sensor

1. What is LM35 Temperature Sensor ?

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltageis linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature.

Connection Diagrams

Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade) , Linear + 10.0 mV/°C scale factor

First Experiment:Prepare: 1 X LM35 Temperature Sensor , 1 X 1602 LCD display , some Jumper cable.



Please check the Lesson 8 : 1602 LCD , to wire your LED screen to your Arduino . Attach the LM35’s Pin Vout ( the middle pin) to your arduino’s Analog Pin 0 . Vcc to

+5v , Gnd to your arduino board’s gnd

Code : open the folder sketch_jun17b , and open the sketch_jun17b.pdeIn the program, when the Light is stronger, the resistance of sensor will be smaller, and

then the buzzer speak louder.

/*

The circuit:

* LCD RS pin to digital pin 12

* LCD Enable pin to digital pin 11





* 10K resistor:

* ends to +5V and ground

* wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)



*/

// include the library code:


// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins


//tempeter

int val;

int dat;

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

// set up the LCD's number of rows and columns:

lcd.begin(16, 2);

}

void loop() {

val=analogRead(0);

dat=(125*val)>>8; //计算温度值

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Tep: ");

lcd.setCursor(6,0);

lcd.print(dat);

lcd.setCursor(10,0);

lcd.print("'C");

delay(10);

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

if(dat>18)

{

lcd.print("Warm! B2CQSHOP");

}

else

{

lcd.print("Cold! B2CQSHOP");

}

delay(500);

}



Lesson 10 : Infrared Remote Control1. What is Infrared Receiver (IRM_3638) ?

To know more about how to control IR Remote Control. You should have a knowledge of theNEC Protocol

NEC Protocol Features : ( http://www.sbprojects.com/knowledge/ir/nec.htm )

8 bit address and 8 bit command length

Address and command are transmitted twice for reliability

Pulse distance modulation

Carrier frequency of 38kHz

Bit time of 1.125ms or 2.25ms

Modulation:

The NEC protocol uses pulse distance encoding of the bits. Each pulse

is a 560µs long 38kHz carrier burst (about 21 cycles). A logical "1" takes

2.25ms to transmit, while a logical "0" is only half of that, being 1.125ms.

The recommended carrier duty-cycle is 1/4 or 1/3.

Protocol :

http://www.sbprojects.com/knowledge/ir/nec.htm



The picture above shows a pulse train of the NEC protocol. With this protocol the LSB istransmitted first. In this case Address $59 and Command $16 is transmitted. A message is startedby a 9ms AGC burst, which was used to set the gain of the earlier IR receivers. This AGC burst isthen followed by a 4.5ms space, which is then followed by the Address and Command. Addressand Command are transmitted twice. The second time all bits are inverted and can be used forverification of the received message. The total transmission time is constant because every bit isrepeated with its inverted length. If you're not interested in this reliability you can ignore theinverted values, or you can expand the Address and Command to 16 bits each!

A command is transmitted only once, even when the key on the remote control remainspressed. Every 110ms a repeat code is transmitted for as long as the key remains down. Thisrepeat code is simply a 9ms AGC pulse followed by a 2.25ms space and a 560µs burst.

In this Experiment, we will use a little different IR Remote Control , which use WD6122chip . ( Extended NEC protocol )

Pay attention: When there is no infrared signals, the receiver’s output is High ; while,it receives an signal, its output is LOW . We can check the received pulse through theOscilloscope, analyse the program according to the waveform.



The Command Values of the IR Remote Control’s key like the following picture.

First Experiment:Prepare: 1 X Infrared Receiver (IRM_3638) , 1 X IR Remote Control , 1 X 10 kΩ

Resistors , some Jumper cable.



Please check the Lesson 8 : 1602 LCD , to wire your LED screen to your Arduino .Attach the Infrared Receiver’s Pin Vout to your arduino’s digital Pin 8 , Please check the

following picture.

Code : open the folder IR , and open the IR.pdeIn the program, when you press the key of the IR Remote Control, the 1602 LCD will show

the commond value of the key.


#define IR_IN 8 //红外接收


int Pulse_Width=0;//存储脉宽

int ir_code=0x00;// 用户编码值

char adrL_code=0x00;//命令码

char adrH_code=0x00;//命令码反码

void timer1_init(void)//定时器初始化函数

{ TCCR1A = 0X00; TCCR1B = 0X05;//给定时器时钟源

TCCR1C = 0X00; TCNT1 = 0X00; TIMSK1 = 0X00; //禁止定时器溢出中断

}void remote_deal(void)//执行译码结果函数

{ //数据显示

lcd.clear(); //清屏

delay(1);



lcd.setCursor(0,0); lcd.print(ir_code,HEX);//16 进制显示

lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print(adrL_code,HEX);//16 进制显示

}char logic_value()//判断逻辑值“0”和“1”子函数

{ TCNT1 = 0X00; while(!(digitalRead(8))); //低等待

Pulse_Width=TCNT1; TCNT1=0; if(Pulse_Width>=7&&Pulse_Width<=10)//低电平 560us { while(digitalRead(8));//是高就等待

Pulse_Width=TCNT1; TCNT1=0; if(Pulse_Width>=7&&Pulse_Width<=10)//接着高电平 560us return 0; else if(Pulse_Width>=25&&Pulse_Width<=27) //接着高电平 1.7ms return 1; } return -1;}void pulse_deal()//接收地址码和命令码脉冲函数

{ int i; int j; ir_code=0x00;// 清零

adrL_code=0x00;// 清零

adrH_code=0x00;// 清零

//解析遥控器编码中的用户编码值

for(i = 0 ; i < 16; i++) { if(logic_value() == 1) //是 1 ir_code |= (1<<i);//保存键值

} //解析遥控器编码中的命令码

for(i = 0 ; i < 8; i++) { if(logic_value() == 1) //是 1 adrL_code |= (1<<i);//保存键值

}



//解析遥控器编码中的命令码反码

for(j = 0 ; j < 8; j++) {

if(logic_value() == 1) //是 1 adrH_code |= (1<<j);//保存键值

}}void remote_decode(void)//译码函数

{ TCNT1=0X00; while(digitalRead(8))//是高就等待

{ if(TCNT1>=1563) //当高电平持续时间超过 100ms，表明此时没有按键按下

{ ir_code=0x00ff;// 用户编码值

adrL_code=0x00;//键码前一个字节值

adrH_code=0x00;//键码后一个字节值

return; } }

//如果高电平持续时间不超过 100ms TCNT1=0X00;

while(!(digitalRead(8))); //低等待

Pulse_Width=TCNT1; TCNT1=0; if(Pulse_Width>=140&&Pulse_Width<=141)//9ms {

while(digitalRead(8));//是高就等待

Pulse_Width=TCNT1; TCNT1=0; if(Pulse_Width>=68&&Pulse_Width<=72)//4.5ms { pulse_deal(); return; } else if(Pulse_Width>=34&&Pulse_Width<=36)//2.25ms { while(!(digitalRead(8)));//低等待

Pulse_Width=TCNT1; TCNT1=0; if(Pulse_Width>=7&&Pulse_Width<=10)//560us



{ return; } } }}void

setup(){ unsigned char i; pinMode(IR_IN,INPUT);//设置红外接收引脚为输入

lcd.begin(16, 2);}void loop(){ timer1_init();//定时器初始化

while(1) { remote_decode(); //译码

remote_deal(); //执行译码结果

}}

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Arduino Starter Kit