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ArduinoBasics
Lecture5
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Overview
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Learnhowtouseamicroprocessorsystem/platformdevelopmentboard
• ArduinoUNO• Hardware• Software• Projects
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Computers• Whatisacomputer
o FastNitwitq Performinstructionsveryquicklyq Needstobetoldwhattodo.
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Computertypeso Mainframeso Minicomputerso PersonalComputerso Microprocessors
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Allhavesimilarhardwareandneedsoftwareorprogramstooperatethem
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ComputerHardware• MainComponentsCircuits
o CentralProcessingUnit(s)–CPUq
Thisiswheretheinstructionsareperformed
o Memory–RandomAccessMemoryandReadOnlyMemoryq
Thisiswherethedataandprogramthatisrunningisstored
o Timer/Clockq
Thisisthehardwarethatcoordinatesthecomputeroperations
o Dataandcontrolbusesq
Thisisthedigitalhighwayswheredataandcontrolmessagestransferwithinthe
computero InputandOutputinterfaces–I/Oports
q
Thisisthedigitalhighwaysandconnectionstoenterdataanddisplayresults•
PeripheralEquipment
o Keyboardso Monitorso DiskDrives
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GeneralPurposeComputersVsSpecialPurposeComputersVsMicroprocessors
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Generalpurposecomputersaredesignedtohandleavarietyoftasks.
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Specialpurposecomputerswhichcanbeprogrammedtoperformadesiredtask.
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Ingeneral,amicroprocessorfallsintotheSpecialPurposeComputerclass.
• VariousMicroprocessorso
Intel8088o ZilogZ80o Motorola6800o Etc.
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MicroprocessorSystemsorPlatforms
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Microprocessorscontaincomponentstoafforddevelopmentofcomputerbasedsystems.
• Varioustypeso Arduinoo RaspberryPio Etc.
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Arduino• Arduinoisanopen-sourcehardwareandsoftwarecompany1
• Buildssingleboardmicrocontrollersandmicrocontrollerkits1
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Arduinoboarddesignsuseavarietyofmicroprocessorchipsandcontrollers.1o Unoo MegasimilartotheUnobutbiggerwithmoreI/Oporto
Lilypadusedforwearableprojectso NanosmallerthantheUnoo Etc.1wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino
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ArduinoBoardHardware
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ArduinoBoard
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ArduinoBoard• Microprocess
or:ATmega328P
• USBPort:
ConnecttoComputer
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ArduinoBoard• ResetButton:
Resetstheprogrambutdoesnotremovetheprogramfrommemory
• DCPower:
ConnecttoexternalDCPowerSource
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ArduinoBoard• DigitalPins:Canbe
usedasaninputoroutputandcantakeononeoftwovalues:0or5volts.NotethatPins0and1canbeusedforserialcommunications.
• AnalogInPins:Used
asanAnaloginputandcantakeonanyvaluefrom0to5volts.
• PowerPins:Provides5volts,3.3voltsandGroundReference
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ArduinoBoard• ONLED:When
illuminatedindicatesthattheArduinoisoperating
• RXandTXLEDs:
IndicatesthattheArduinoisreceiving/transmittingData(e.g.whentheprogramisdownloadedfromthecomputer
• LLED:ProgrammableLEDviaDigialpin13
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PulseWidthModulation
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Someofthedigitalpins(~3,~5,~6,~9,~10,~11)withtildescanoutputaPWMsignal
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PulseWidthModulation• 50%DutyCycle• 25%DutyCycle
• 75%DutyCycle
• 100%DutyCycle
…
…
…
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PWMisa(approximately)490Hzsquarewavewhereaportion(percentage)ofthesignalishighwhiletheremainderofthesignalislow.
• Thepercentageof
thehighportioniscalledtheDutyCycle.
