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ARCTIC POPs 2001-2004ARCTIC POPs 2001-2004
Science, education and friendship
Science, education and friendship
Arctic POPs 2001-2004POP= Persistent Organic Pollutants
How did it started?
Project objectives
Scientific results
Educational results
Arctic POPs 2001-2004
Collaboration among Arctic GLOBE schools
1999 Contact with NILU (Norwegian Institute for Air
Research) Finding interested scientists Choosing theme
• POPs and potential POPs (brominated flame retardants)
2000 Presentation of the project at GLOBE annual
conference Invitation of schools (2 from each country)
2001 Development of protocols Workshop in Fairbanks
Project Objective
InvestigateInvestigate the distribution and level of new selected POPs in the Arctic region
Increase the knowledgeIncrease the knowledge of POPs and general environmental science in the involved schools
Contribute to the Contribute to the documentationdocumentation of new POPs in the Arctic, needed for international political processes
PBDE47
PBDE99
PCB153
Scientific resultsProtocol 2001-2004
Scientific correct sampling of fish tissue liver from cod, burbot, haddock, whitefish fillets from salmonids (salmon, trout, char, whitefish)
Written protocol by NILU Precleaned and burned equipment from NILU
Biological parameters length, weight, maturity, otoliths and scales
Preparing datasheets, documentation with camera marking and packing in a correct way and shipping to NILU
Reporting via internet portal www.nilu.no/web/arcticpops
FilletingFilleting
MaturityMaturity
LengthLength
OtolithsOtoliths
Packing the filletPacking the fillet
What is POPs?
New POPs(Persistent Organic Pollutants)
Brominated flame retardants
Used in electronic equipment, textiles, and furnitures to prevent fires
Electronic parts of color televisions and personal computers
Textile coatings; sofas, in seats of cars, buses, and aircraft.
PBDE47
PBDE99
PCB153
PBDE=polybrominated diphenyl ethers
PCB=polychlorinated biphenyls
Old Crow
Pangnirtung
Akureyri
Vestmanneyjar
Leknes
Vannareid
Kjøllefjord
Apatity
Kiruna
Tornio
Pajala
15 schools15 schools
Kodiak High school
Polaris K12 School
Chief Zzeh Gittlet School Samuel Hearne Secondary High School
Attagoyuk School
Barnaskoli Vestmannaeyja
Verkmenntaskólinn á Akureyri
Vannareid skole Honningsvåg fiskarfagskole og vg skole
Vestvågøy videregående skole
The Murmansk Vocational Maritime lyceum 6
Laestadiusskolan
Gymnasium 1
Hjalmar Lundbohmsskolan Pudas School
Fish types 2001-2002COD Norway VND 6 cod VVO 6 cod KFD 6 cod Iceland VMA 6 cod
BVA 4 haddock, 2 cod Alaska KHS 6 cod POK 2 cod
38 cod liver samples
Salmon, char, trout Sweden LAE 2 salmon
HJS 5 trout Alaska POK 4 salmon Canada ATT 4 char
15 fillet samples of salmon, char and trout
Burbot Finland PUS 4 burbot Canada SHH 2 burbot (loche) Sweden LAE 4 burbot
10 burbot liver samples
Whitefish Finland PUS 2 whitefish fillets Sweden HJS 1 whitefish fillet Russia GYM 4 whitefish fillets,
2 whitefish livers Canada CZG 2 whitefish livers
11 whitefish samples
PCB153 wet weightPCB153 wet weight
Median valuesMedian values
79
270
Monitoring cod liver 1990-2000:
PCB153median:76
294
Burbot liver:
SumPCBmedian: 553
125
PBDE47 median lipid weight
96
32
Cod liver
North Sea: 99 ng/g lw (63-307)
Burbot liver
Mariussen, Dioxin 2003 Mjøsa:
Burbot: 18710
Whitefish, trout:
Mariussen, Dioxin 2003 Mjøsa:
Com whitefish: pbde47: 134.7
Euro whitefish: pbde47: 1475
Trout:2197
Arctic POPs 2001-2004Educational results
Doing real science
Doing sampling following a protocol
Practice interpretation of measurements
Design their own projects
International collaboration
New York 22.04.04
Levels of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Cod, Salmon, Char, and Trout Taken From
Arctic Countries
Polaris K-12 School July 15 2003
Questions How do the levels of PBDE 47, PBDE
99, and PCB 153 in fish from Alaska, Sweden, and Canada vary? What may have influenced these variations?
How do POP levels from salmon, char, and trout vary?
What threats might these POPs pose to Alaskans?
Hypotheses
Our hypotheses are: POP levels will vary greatly between
Alaska and Sweden, and less between Alaska and Canada.
POP levels between Salmon, Char, and Trout will be similar.
These POPs will threaten the health of subsistence relying Alaska Natives.
Sampling Site-Ship Creek, Elmendorf Fish Hatchery
Going over the procedures
Results Toxin levels in Sweden tended to be higher
than Alaska and Canada. The schools that sampled salmon, trout, or
char in the fall of 2002 found lower levels than the previous years.
Swedish salmon contained higher levels of PBDE 47 than Swedish trout. Both were higher than Canadian char and Alaskan salmon.
Swedish trout and salmon vary in levels of PBDE 99, but both have higher levels than the Alaskan salmon and Canadian char. The char had slightly higher levels than the Alaskan salmon.
Discussion Alaskan and Canadian PCB and PBDE levels are lower than Europe’s,
however they may still pose a threat to Alaskans, especially if they rise. According to the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation,
PCBs and PBDEs may be coming to the North Pacific from East Asia. Fish represents almost 60% Alaska native diets. According to “Persistent Organic Pollutants in Alaska” by ACAT, PCB
levels in Alaskan lake trout are about 3.7 ng/g
Conclusions POP levels varied greatly between Alaska,
Sweden and Canada. These variations are most likely due to location. Salmon, trout and char have similar levels of
POPs with respect to their location. Alaskan POP levels are lower than most other
countries. POPs pose a threat to subsistence relying Alaska
Natives and are known to have terrible health effects.
POP levels in Alaskan fish have not yet reached a level to do substantial damage to health. However due to biomagnification and rising amounts, POP levels could get dangerous further up the food chain.