ByDR. ANIRUDDHA G. BANHATTIAssociate ProfessorT.S.S.M.s Bhivrabai Sawant College of Engineering and ResearchVIDEO CONFERENCE onArchitectural Planning and Design of BuildingsforS.E. Civil5th March 2014

1Civil EngineeringIt is the oldest branch of EngineeringIt came into existence since humans started living in caves.The first invention in civil engineering was something with which one can see through a wall.It is called a window 2Planning of BuildingsThere are 14 principles of planning as listed below:AspectProspectOrientationPrivacyCirculationGroupingRoominess

3Principles of Planning Furniture RequirementsSanitationEleganceEconomyAccessArchitectural composition Climate and its Effect

4Aspect: Arrangement of windows in external walls

5Prospect: Desirable and undesirable views

6Orientation

7PrivacyExternal : Isolation from surrounding buildingsAvoiding noise, dust and pollution from surroundingsRaised sill height of w.c. and bathCompound wallGrowing trees around the house

8PrivacyInternal :Prevention of direct view of one room from anotherStaggering of doors Use of screensProper furniture arrangement

9

Circulation

Horizontal : On the same floor

10CirculationVertical : Between the floors

11GroupingRooms of similar function togetherMore important in Public BuildingsStaircase or lift approachable from each roomKitchen w.c. and bath grouped for easy plumbing and watersupply

12Roominess

13Roominess : Chimney Effect

14Roominess : Tunnel Effect

15Furniture Requirements

16

Sanitation

17Elegance

18EconomyPlanning should avoid all type of wastage

Wastage of space

Judicious use of space

Architectural aesthetics for space19Access

20Architectural composition : Unity

21Architectural composition :Contrast

22Architectural Composition :Scale

23Architectural composition : Proportion

24Mass Composition

25Architectural composition : Form and Function

26Climate and Its EffectWindow openings

Type of roof

Sunbreakers and chajjas

External finish, paint and color27Noise and AcousticsQualities of sound NoiseComfort level of noiseIntensity and LoudnessFrequency or PitchTimbre or Quality28Measurement of SoundL = K log I1 / I0Measured in decibels (dB)If L = 1 dB then I1 / I0 = 1.26Difference in intensities 100 timesLoudness 20dBDifference in intensities 1000 times Loudness 30dBThus the scale of loudness is built

29Sound InsulationFor avoiding indoor and outdoor noiseWall insulationFloor insulationCavity wallsFloating floorsUse of sound absorbing materialsLinoleum, Cork, Carpets etc.

30Sound Absorbent MaterialsPorous absorbents

Resonant panels

Cavity resonators

Composite type absorbents

31Acoustical DefectsEchoesReverberationSound fociDead spotsInsufficient loudnessIntrusion of noise from outside32Reverberation timeCalculated by Sabines formulaExcellent : 0.5 to 1.5 secGood : 1.5 to 2 secFairly good : 2 to 3 secBad : 3 to 5 secVery bad Above 5 sec33Theatre : Fan shaped plan

34Theatre : Splayed Ceiling

35Sound and Music Studios : Hinged Panels on Shutters

36Building ServicesElectrical servicesTelecommunication servicesEntertainment servicesVentilation and LightingAir-conditioning and heatingLifts and escalatorsEmergency escape stairsFire fighting arrangements

37Rain Water Harvesting

38Large Scale System

39New Innovations : Rainpod

40Building Bye-laws DefinitionsFloor Area Ratio = Total area on all floors / Plot areaAreas Excluded : projections < 0.75mCanopies 5x2.5m in cantilever fashionBalconies with certain specificationsParking lock up garages or stilt floor parking

41Excluded areas from FARElectric cabin / sub station, watchmans cabin of max 1.6 sq.m. pump house, garage shaft, fire hydrants, electrical fittings, water tanksStaircase room, lift room above top floor, architectural features, chimneysWell, plant nursery, water pool, uncovered swimming pool. Platform round atree, fountain, bench, ramps, compound wall, overhead tank42Individuals voice is characterized byTimber

Pitch

Intensity

loudness43Individuals voice is characterized byTimber

Pitch

Intensity

loudness44Find good sound absorberMetal

Open door

Water body

Carpet

45Find good sound absorberMetal

Open door

Water body

Carpet

46100000 times difference in intensities will create loudness of30 dB

100 dB

Log 10 dB

50dB

47100000 times difference in intensities will create loudness of30 dB

100 dB

Log 10 dB

50 dB

48Climate of Mumbai is Hot and arid

Humid and hot

Salty and windy

Coastal and cold49Climate of Mumbai is Hot and arid

Humid and hot

Salty and windy

Coastal and cold50Climate of Pune is Hot and humid

Temperate and arid

Cold and pleasant

Arid and dry51Climate of Pune is Hot and humid

Temperate and arid

Cold and pleasant

Arid and dry52A theater should haveDome shaped ceiling

Hanging ceiling

Rough wooden ceiling

Splayed ceiling53A theater should haveDome shaped ceiling

Hanging ceiling

Rough wooden ceiling

Splayed ceiling54Sound foci is a Desirable feature for music room

Desirable feature for bed room

Desirable feature for auditorium

None of the above55Sound foci is a Desirable feature for music room

Desirable feature for bed room

Desirable feature for auditorium

None of the above56Lifts in malls should carry12 to 20 persons

20 to 30 persons

5 to 8 persons

8 to 10 persons57Lifts in malls should carry12 to 20 persons

20 to 30 persons

5 to 8 persons

8 to 10 persons58Car speed of mall lifts should not exceed5m/s

1m/s

7m/s

2.5m/s59Car speed of mall lifts should not exceed5m/s

1m/s

7m/s

2.5m/s60One point perspective is used for Brochures

Railway lines

Interior decoration

Panoramic view61One point perspective is used for Brochures

Railway lines

Interior decoration

Panoramic view62Three point perspective is common forAxonometric view

Symmetrical view

Detailed terrace view

Exploded view

63Three point perspective is common forAxonometric view

Symmetrical view

Detailed terrace view

Exploded view

64Dead spots are points where Sound is heard louder

Sound is inaudible

Pitch changes

Wave front of sound faces a barrier65Dead spots are points where Sound is heard louder

Sound is inaudible

Pitch changes

Wave front of sound faces a barrier66Sound insulation is important forHospital

School

Residential house

Music studio

67Sound insulation is important forHospital

School

Residential house

Music studio

68Ramp is essential at entrance ofFive star hotel

Kindergarten

School

Hospital

69Ramp is essential at entrance ofFive star hotel

Kindergarten

School

Hospital

70Automatic car leveling is must forCar service centre

Hospital

Poolside

Weigh bridge for vehicles71Automatic car leveling is must forCar service centre

Hospital

Poolside

Weigh bridge for vehicles72Additional persons allowed in a stretcher lift are 1

3

2

573Additional persons allowed in a stretcher lift are 1

3

2

574Staircase width for public building is 1.6 to 1.9m

1 to 1.5m

1.2 to 1.5m

None of the above

75Staircase width for public building is 1.8 to 2m

1 to 1.5m

1.2 to 1.5m

None of the above

76Winders should be Avoided on staircase

Provided on pipes

Provided at corners

Provided for curved roof gutters77Winders should be Avoided on staircase

Provided on pipes

Provided at corners

Provided for curved roof gutters78Two point perspective is similar toA photograph

Isometric view

Axonometric view

None of the above79Two point perspective is similar toA photograph

Isometric view

Axonometric view

None of the above80Tunel effect is due toLack of ventilation

Too much length of a room

Defect in vision

None of the above81Tunel effect is due toLack of ventilation

Too much length of a room

Defect in vision

None of the above82Chimney effect relates toA factory building

Roominess

Insufficient ventilation

None of the above

83Chimney effect relates toA factory building

Roominess

Insufficient ventilation

None of the above

84North on a drawing is shown forFeng shui considerations

Good vastu

Plane table alignment

Correct orientation during line out85North on a drawing is shown forFeng shui considerations

Good vastu

Plane table alignment

Correct orientation during line out86Theatre olan should beCircular

Fern shaped

Rectangular

None of these87Theatre olan should beCircular

Fern shaped

Rectangular

None of these88Surfaces near sound source in a theatre should beRough and absorbent

Clad with cork

Having grooves

Smooth, hard and polished89Surfaces near sound source in a theatre should beRough and absorbent

Clad with cork

Having grooves

Smooth, hard and polished90To increase sound absorptionWindows should be open

Heavy curtains should be provided

Walls should be smooth

None of the above91To increase sound absorptionWindows should be open

Heavy curtains should be provided

Walls should be smooth

None of the above92Perforated boards covering wallsIncrease sound absorption

Provide scattered light

Increase echoes

Make interference in sound93Perforated boards covering wallsIncrease sound absorption

Provide scattered light

Increase echoes

Make interference in sound94Riser in stairs shall be150 to 300 mm

200 to 300 mm

300 to 450 mm

None of the above95Riser in stairs shall be150 to 300 mm

200 to 300 mm

300 to 450 mm

None of the above96In public building riser is > in residential building

Twice high than in residential building

Equal to tread

< in residential building

97In public building riser is > in residential building

Twice high than in residential building

Equal to tread

< in residential building

98Tread dimension in staircase is at least300 mm

400 mm

450 mm

500 mm99Tread dimension in staircase is at least300 mm

400 mm

450 mm

500 mm100Tread wider than minimum dimension is Not allowed

Allowed with some fine paid

Allowed

Must be covered with carpet101Tread wider than minimum dimension is Not allowed

Allowed with some fine paid

Allowed

Must be covered with carpet102Angle of inclination for escalators is30 degrees

40 degrees

10 degrees

Depends on height between floors103Angle of inclination for escalators is30 degrees

40 degrees

10 degrees

Depends on height between floors104Escalators can bbe stopped in case of emergencyBy the control room operator

From main switch board

With a lever at the top

By pressing a button near the bottom105Escalators can bbe stopped in case of emergencyBy the control room operator

From main switch board

With a lever at the top

By pressing a button near the bottom106In escalators rise is not more than30 cm

20 cm

40 cm

25 cm107In escalators rise is not more than30 cm

20 cm

40 cm

25 cm108Coming ChallengesDesign of Green buildings

Ecosystem preservation

Renewable energy

Self sufficient homes from garbage disposal to water supply and all such facilities109In case of problems Contact me at anibanister@gmail.com

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110THANK YOUANY QUESTIONS?111