A r c h i t e c t u r A l r e s e A r c h M et h o d s

A r c h i t e c t u r A l r e s e A r c h M et h o d s

s e c o n d e d i t i o n

Linda n. Groat and david WanG

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Groat, Linda N., 1946- Architectural research methods.–Second Edition / Linda N. Groat, David Wang. pages cm Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-90855-6 (pbk.); ISBN 978-1-118-41851-2 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-43353-9 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-41547-4 (ebk) 1. Architecture—Research. 2. Architecture—Study and teaching. I. Wang, David. II. Title. NA2000.G76 2013 720.072–dc23

2012031765

Printed in the United States of America

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v

Contents

Acknowledgments vii

PA RT I T h e D o m A I n o f A R C h I T e C T u R A l R e s e A R C h 1Chapter1 TheScopeofThisBook 3

Linda Groat

Chapter2 DoesDesignEqualResearch? 21Linda Groat and David Wang

Chapter3 SystemsofInquiryandStandardsofResearchQuality 63Linda Groat

Chapter4 What’sYourPurpose?FromTheoryBuildingtoDesignApplication 101David Wang and Linda Groat

Chapter5 What’sYourQuestion?LiteratureReviewandResearchDesign 141David Wang and Linda Groat

vi Contents

PA RT I I s e v e n R e s e A R C h s T R AT e g I e s 1 7 1Chapter6 HistoricalResearch 173

David Wang

Chapter7 QualitativeResearch 215Linda Groat

Chapter8 CorrelationalResearch 263Linda Groat

Chapter9 ExperimentalandQuasi-ExperimentalResearch 313Linda Groat

Chapter10 SimulationResearch 349David Wang

Chapter11 LogicalArgumentation 379David Wang

Chapter12 CaseStudiesandCombinedStrategies 415Linda Groat

AuthorIndex 453

SubjectIndex 461

vii

Acknowledgments

In the years since the initial publication of Architectural Research Methods, I've been immensely gratified by the interest of readers whose comments, suggestions, and questions have inspired this second edition. In this regard, I am indebted to many people: colleagues who took the time to answer my queries about what changes might best enhance the new edition, or recommended and/or contributed specific research exemplars; a host of unnamed readers who passed on suggestions through an informal grapevine of commentary; and most especially my students over the years whose insightful questions have challenged me to rethink and reframe the conceptual premises, analyses, and diagrammatic clarity of some of the material in the first edition.

David Wang, my co‐author, has remained a steadfast partner whose insights have been absolutely essential to the fruitful pulls and tugs of this collaborative process. I am deeply appreciative of the encouragement and ongoing support from Wiley for this new edition, and especially the guidance of Paul Drougas and Mike New.

I am deeply grateful to the University of Michigan for its continuing institu-tional support for this project. Funding from the Horace Rackham School of Grad-uate Studies, Taubman College's Program in Architecture, and the Office of the Vice‐President for Research has provided support for research assistants Kush Patel and Justin Ferguson. Kush and Justin have been invaluable in tracking down, orga-nizing, and maintaining the myriad resources and files inherent in a project of this scope, not to mention keeping the inevitable glitches to a minimum.

LINDA GROAT

viii Acknowledgments

It is a privilege to issue this second edition of Architectural Research Methods. In writing it, I was struck by just how much has progressed in this arena even since the first issue of this book a decade ago. I am once again grateful to work with Linda Groat, from whom I continue to learn. Thanks also to Paul Drougas and Mike New at Wiley, who understood the time it takes to update a manuscript such as this one. Many new contributors made this second edition possible; I hope all their names and affiliations are noted in the pages of this book; a heartfelt thanks to them all.

DAVID WANG