ARCHAEOLOGYSocial Studies 9

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Archaeology

There are ____________ ways we learn about

the ____________ . The first two are:

1 - ____________ ____________

2 - ____________ ____________

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Archaeology

The third way we learn about the past is

____________ .

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Archaeology

When ____________ and ____________ history are not

available, archaeology becomes very ____________ .

Archaeologists study ____________ remains left

____________ by other ____________ (skeletons,

tools, ____________ , animal bones, fragments of

____________ , jewelry, and clothing, ruins of

____________ , etc.).

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What is Archaeology?

Archaeology is the study of

the ____________ of the

____________ . It has been

called the “science of

____________ .”

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Terms to Learn

____________ : An artifact is an ____________

with ____________ that have been made by

____________ activities. Examples include

____________ , weapons, ____________ ,

homes, etc.

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• ____________ : Ecofacts are remains that were

____________ made by ____________ , but

still provide some ____________ that helps us

to understand people of the ____________ .

Examples include ____________ and remains

of plants and animals.

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Terms to Learn

Fossils: Fossils are ____________ or ____________ of

____________ that lived prior to ____________ times.

It is generally accepted that life has existed on our earth

for more than two billion years, and that fossils are

important clues to understanding its ____________ and

____________ .

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How Are Fossils Formed?____________ : The best-preserved fossils are those of organisms that have been ____________ quickly.

____________ : Some organisms in the ____________ regions ____________ into caves and died.

ORIGINAL ____________ : ____________ , teeth, shells, and ____________ can be buried and remain unchanged for millions of years.

PETRIFACTION: It literally means “turn to ____________ .”

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How Are Fossils Formed?

CARBONIZATION: It occurs when a fossil such as a

leaf is ____________ , generally on a bedding plane,

and the fluids are ____________ , leaving a thin carbon

____________ .

____________ AND MOLDS: When an organism,

buried in ____________ , dissolves and leaves an

imprint it is called a ____________ . When the mold is

filled, it creates an exact duplicate. This is a

____________ .

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Inferences and Theories

Archaeologists try to make inferences about how people lived based on what they find.

Inferences: Inferences are ____________ archaeologists make.

Theory: A ____________ of ideas to ____________ how a certain situation or event might have come about.

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Archaeology

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Examples of Inferences

• A character has a diaper in her hand, spit-up on her shirt,

and a bottle warming on the counter.

• You can infer :

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• A character has a briefcase, is taking a ride on an

airplane, and is late for a meeting.

• You can infer:

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• A detective enters the house, which has been ransacked.

He sees blood on the floor, and it leads out the back door.

• You can infer:

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• When you enter a house, you see backpacks by the door,

small shoes scattered near them. You see an art easel,

and a room with a doll house and a toy box.

• You can infer:

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