ARCH NOTES

President's CommuniqueOASFinancial Statements

Norma Knowlton 35

MCCRNewsBernice Field, Penny Young, Roshan Jussawalla 12

ARadiocarbon Date from the Grendel Site... DavidArthurs 15

Heritage Conservation Award... John Steckley 21OASin the Classroom RudyFecteau 23Ekarenniondi (reprint) Charles Garrod 26Dr.James E. Anderson (l926-1995)(reprint) JerryMelbye 30Archaeology's DirtySecret (reprint) BrianFagan 35From the OASOffice Charles Garrod 37OASChapters 39OASProvincialOfficers 40

newsletter published byThe Ontario Archaeological Society Inc.

126 WiDowdale Avenue, North York, Ontario, M2N 4Y2

PRESIDENT'S COMMUNIQUE

Recent concerns of the society on theprovincial level revolve around outreach,advocacy and funding. Our outreacheffort cuhninated in the ACCESS TOARCHAEOLOGY DAY. The lectureswere well attended; visitors were inter-ested in thevarious displays and stoppedto ask questions and talk. In spite of theverywarm day, BobBurgar's three trips totour the Seed-Barker site were popular.There were a greater number of activedisplays this year. The broom makerreturned and expanded his repertoire byinstructing children in the art of ropemaking. The suitablycostumed lady fromGibson House, playing the role of ahousewife of the nineteenth century,demonstrated the use of the spinningwheel. Members of the Ontario HistoricalSociety were often surrounded by chil-dren learning how to plant seeds andmake a simple bird feeder. Our ownRudy Fecteau and Michael Kiraly werekept busy, the former explaining items inthe DISCOVERINGONTARIOARCHAE-OL<XiYkitand the latter the making andusing of stone tools and weapons. Thevalue of an event such as this lies in itspotential for teaching the public aboutvarious facets of heritage. However,organizations who tend to gauge thesuccess of the endeavour on how manyitems they could sell would be disap-pointed.

In the weeks before the ACCESS TOARCHAEOLOGY DAY RudyFecteauspoke to a large number of school clas-ses about archaeology (see article in thisArch Notes). The original motive for theBoard to support this endeavour was toincrease interest in the above event.However, the enthusiasm shown by

teachers and students (fromkindergartentb grade 11)indicates there is a need tobe filledon a long-term basis.

Informationon seven volunteer opportuni-ties have been sent to PASSPORTTO THEPAST participants so far this year. Sev-eral of these involveprojects directed byMinislIyofTransportation archaeologists.Having participated in one such excava-tion on my "days off' in June, I can vouchfor the appreciation received and thehospitality of the crew with which I wor-ked.

1"'".,.,." •••.. ,•••. ,""'.,.""'""",,,"",,,"',,,"',,"',,."'.,,"',,""', ,'"" ..,."....""' .. "', .. "',"' ... "' .•••.. .,."...,..,.,..'1.>AACHNOmS .....~HiH>~>HHHHHHH»<':·· .:':.:<. ;~::~:<;:::::.'Contribut/c),lc:lead!iNi6 101'1995: ..~:~. : : :: : ::~:::: : : : : : : : : : : ::: : : :~:: ;: : : : :. .:: :::: :: ::::::::::::::..:., .

·.~~~~·~~ ..;~ .•1S.·····N~,.J~rissue~N()v.10·,::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::;::::::::;:.::::::::;:::;:;:::::::::::.::::.:.:"ffl~l1dt~IllYrit,~~~~~ .~ .@lit¢()~Xi:li(ll1aYC:sllttJeOAS ,•.,.

••Wfi~.@t'lJJ#~th~,rlt!~fAC1Q11St.fW.·.~~WPhQlIM'~~i1~#nb,f$; •••.............................................··S4~~n~ .

Two other events are planned, primarilyfor OAS members, but the public is wel-come as well, especially to the second.The bus tripannounced in the last issue ofArch Notes takes place over the CivicHoliday weekend in August. As I writethis, the response has been good. Iremind you of Symposium 1995(October13-15)in Thunder Bay. Obviously, 1995isour year to go north.

We continue our advocacy efforts onbehalf of new heritage legislation. Imentioned in the last Arch Notes thatanother draft has been produced. Withthe formation of three working groups

(roughly Policy,Municipal Concerns andArchaeology),the process has reached anew level. All three groups met the lastweek of Junel Withour limited man (Le.woman) power, we were able to' attendonly the first and third sessions. Thesemeetings were designed to set agendasand dates for subsequent meetings,which willbe more spread out. Althoughour primaryconcern is with the Archaeol-ogy Working Group, provisions whichmay affect archaeology willbe dealt within the others as well. Itwas gratifying tofindthat thevarious sectors of the archae-ologicalcommunitywere to comprise theArchaeological Working Group. Wereally seem to be getting "down to brasstacks". As of this writing, it has been tenyears since a Liberal government firstproposed a review of heritage legislation.We are now in the process of trying thelast party available. Obviously the willtodraft legislation to protect heritage hasnothing to do with politics, but getting itpassed will.

On a more practical as well as local level.Lise Ferguson continues to monitor theprogress of events for the Old Millpro-posed development. She passes outinformation sheets at every opportunity,including at the above meeting. We alsosent a letter commenting on theGooderham-Worts complex.

The last major concern to be addressedin this issue of Arch Notes is funding.Problems arise in more than one area.The most immediate involves SSHRCCsupport for Ontario Archaeology (OA).Supposedly due to federal budgetaryconstraints, levels of funding have beenset at 50%, and there is a competition forthat. The OAEndowmentFund willnot yetsupport a whole issue of OA. Partly forthis reason, the Board of Directors isproposing to increase fees for next year.Especially because of increased postalcosts, the fee levels established fouryears ago are now inadequate.

At the provincial level, our p:f0posal for agrant to publish the Proceedings of the1994Symposium has been conditionallydenied by the Ontario Heritage Founda-tion. We await with trepidation the effectsof spending cuts promised by the newprovincial government. We should alsobe sponsoring visits to schools to get thehe ritage /arc haeo logy/co nse rvatio nmessage across; doing this on a continu-ing basis willrequire funds.

If the OAS is to fulfil its mandate, weshould be planning ways to raise largeamounts of money. Restrictions on gov-ernment funding are going to get worserather than better. Members with ideasand/or "contacts" are invited, nay urged,to contact the Board. Better still, offeryour services and run for office.

126 Willowdale Avenue, North York, Ontario.M2N4Y2

20 Bonacres Avenue, West Hill, Ontario.MIC IP7

(416) 284-5205

The President,The Ontario Archaeological Society Inc.,126 Willowdale Avenue,North York, Ontario.M2N 4Y2

I have examined the attached Balance Sheet and Income Statement for the twelve month periodended December 31, 1994, together with the accounting records of the Society. In common withsimilar organizations, danations and other funds received from the public, cannot be properlyverified because of their nature, and my verification of income from these sources was limitedto a comparison of membership fees and donations with bank deposits.

Subject to this observation, in my opinion these accounts present fairly, in all material aspects,the financial position of the Society for the twelve month period ended December 31, 1994.

I have not audited the comparative figures of income, expenses and retained earnings for theprevious year.

{I::;£ (J/ \\c....J. U'- r '\ l\' {

Notes to the audited financial statementsas at December 31, 1994.

The Ontario Archaeological Society Inc exists to encourage individual and collectiveefforts to advance the understanding and practise of archaeology, and to preserve, protectand appreciate the archaeological heritage of the Province of Ontario.

Depreciation is calculated on the straight line method, using rates based on theexpected useful life of the respective assets, as follows.

Office equipment 10%Computer equipment 33 %Display stands 20%

c) Investment income is recognised in the year of maturity and, where investmentsmature in future years, interest earned but not paid as at December 31, isrecognised as income. In prior years the Society did not recognise interest oninvestments that matured in future years.

d) All donations to the Society are allocated to the Funds of the Society, and not togeneral income for the year, unless otherwise specified.

This is the only restricted Fund of the Society and is dedicated to provide longterm income for the publication of at least one issue per year of ONTARIOARCHAEOLOGY, the refereed journal of the Society. Included in this fund isan amount of $60,000 provided by the Government of Ontario. The balance ofthis fund consists of donations to the fund and accumulated investment earnings.Donations to the Fund amounted to $633 in the year.

The purpose of this Fund is to assist in supporting the administrative expenses ofthe Society in the future. Included in the Fund are accumulated Life Membershipfees, donations and accumulated investment earnings. Donations to the Fundamounted to $600 in the year.

The purpose of this Fund is to provide income for the awards programadministered by the Society, and consists of an amount set aside by the Societyfor this purpose, donations and accumulated investment earnings. Donations tothe Fund amounted to $100 in the year.

All funds that are not immediately required to meet the financial obligations of thesociety are invested in Guaranteed Income Certificates (GICs), with major Canadianbanks and trust companies. The principal amounts invested at 31 December 1994 is$176,404 (1993 - $168,387); of which $81,449 (1993 - $42, (64) matures after December31 in the current year.

Interest earned during the year was $16,778 (1993 - $8,632) which includes $6,950(1993 - nil) in interest earned on investments with maturity dates in future years. Thevarious funds of the Society were credited with interest of $12,300 or 10%, and thebalance of $4,478 is attributed to operations in the year. The recognition of earned butunpaid interest represents an accounting policy change in the year.

Grant are received to support outreach programs, publications and other activitiesconducted by the Society, as follows.

1994 1m.

Government of Ontario $31,750 $31,750Government of Canada 44,233 32,383Ontario Heritage Foundation 7.000 ~

Total $82.983 ~

7 FIXed assets

The following are the fixed assets of the Society.

1994 1993

Office furniture $15,473 $ 9,527Computer equipment 14,507 6,161Display stands 5,023 5,023

Total assets at cost 35,003 20,711Accumulated depreciation 31.932 13,651

Net book value $ 3,071 $7 060

There were no purchases of fixed assets during the year and the increase in total assetsat cost is due to the recognition, at cost, of fully depreciated assets. These fullydepreciated assets were not retlected in the books of the Society in prior years.

Publications of the Society are produced by Associated Heritage Publishing. During theyear the Society paid $11,678 directly to this organization for part of its publicationprogram, and the Society has committed to pay a further amount of about $8,000 in 1995for the remainder of its 1994 publications program. The total amount paid andcommitted to Associated Heritage Publishing in 1994 is $19,678. A Principal ofAssociated Heritage Publishing is a long standing elected member of the Board ofDirectors of the Society, and its Director of Publications.

During the year the Society re-imbursed an amount of $7,605 to members and theExecutive for approved out-of-pocket expenses and travel allowances. In prior years theamounts reimbursed were charged against separate headings, such as telephone orpublications, in the financial statements.

An amount of $32,677 includes the publications commitment referred to in Note 8,educational kits to be produced by the Society and a grant carried forward to 1995 foroutreach programs.

THE ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY INC.Audited Balance Sheet

as at December 31, 1994.

ASSETS 1994 1mCurrent assets

Bank account $ 13,292 $ 4,416GST receivable 1,200Investments (Note 4) 94,955 126,225Accrued interest (Note 4) 4662

Total current assets 114,109 130,641

Long term investment (Note 4)Principal 81,449 42,162Accrued interest 2,288

Fixed assets (Note 7) -2.Q1l -lQQQ

Total assets $200,917 $179,863

LlABll..ITIES AND EQUITY

Current liabilities (Note 9)Accounts payable and accrued

liabilities $11,997 $ °Unspent grants 20,680 18,780

Restricted and non-restricted funds (Note 3)OA Publication Fund 99,633 90,000OAS-Future Fund 33,600 30,000Awards Fund 3400 -l.QQQ

Total funds 136,633 123,000

Retained earnings --.J.l..QQ1 ~

Total liabilities and equity $200,917 $179,863

APPro~ed for an~ on behalf of the Board of Directors ~

PresIdent ~ ?/&~ Treasurer - ~

See accompanying notes to the financial statements.

THE ONTARIO ARCHAEOWGICAL SOCIETY INC.Audited Income Statement

for the year ended December 31, 1994.

Grants (Note 6)Membership feesInterest (Note 4)Annual SymposiumToursSalesGST rebateOther income

1994

$ 82,98322,4964,4783,7282,1301,5352,5832.088

$ 69,55719,7938,632

6641,3741,666

~

AdministrationOutreach programsPublications (Note 8)Depreciation (Note 7)Chapter support

$ 59,158 $ 55,00334,919 16,89929,431 25,7793,989 4,2781.000 . ~

$128,497 $102,159

($ 6,476) ~

Retained earning at beginning of yearNet income (deficit) for the year

38,083<6.476>

38,076__ 7

MinistryChanges

As most ofyou willknow by now, we havea new name. We are now the MinistryofCitizenship, Culture and Recreation;Tourism has gone to the Ministryof Eco-nomicDevelopment and Trade. The Hon.Marilyn Mushinski is the new Minister ofCitizenship, Culture and Recreation inMikeHarris' Cabinet.

JohnMacDonald has left the Ministryandgone back to "getting his hands dirty"inthe field. In his place, on contract, isMalcolm Home (416)314-7146. Malcolmdeals with Plans Review files for CentralOntario and anything else we throw athim.

Our mandate has not changed: we arestill here to help and encourage allheritage-minded citizensl

Borden Form Computerization Pilot acceptance of a suitable computer fac-study simile in lieu of the Borden form.

The Ministryof Citizenship, Culture and To develop such a system, one accept-Recreation is currently exploring ways to able to others in the archaeologicalpermit archaeological site information to community and the Ministry, we felt itbe send to the Ministryin computerized would be helpful ifwe first tested a proto-format. At the present time, site registra- type in the field and determined if it istion information is provided to us on the amenable to those who are presentlyBorden form. The form has been in use inputting the Borden information in somesince the mid 1970s and creates major sort of computerized fashion. To date, aresource problems for inputting the data . handful of consultants have been con-in the Provincial database. This study tacted and are working with us. If thishopes to streamline our data manage- version seems to work. we willbring it toment to allowus to provide the most up to the fullerarchaeological community in thedate information to consultants and possible form of a workshop, prior toresearchers. adoption.

Our ultimate goal for the future. for those Withyour assistance, we hope to examinewho are interested. is an optional paper- how to move provincial archaeologicalless data submission process. Several data along the information highway. Thisconsultants have indicated to us they initiativeis just our first attempt, and fromwould be interested in sending in data this we willbegin to explore the differentthis way and we would like to be able to options forcomputerizing archaeologicaloffer the seIVice. Our objective is to data.modify the fonn regulations within the If you have not been contacted, i.e. youHeritage Act sufficiently to allow for the are not presently entering Borden form

information on a computer template, but

are interested inparticipating, please feelfree to contact us. Any and all input isgreatly appreciated.

Licences issued

The following list consists of the type oflicence, name of licensee, licence num-ber and site location For more informa-tion, contact the Archaeological LicenceOffice,Cultural Programs Branch, 2ndFloor,phone(416) 314-7123,fax(4l6) 314-7175

April 1995

Underwater:

Ed Burtt,H M S Speedy Foundation, 95-061,Lake Ontario, offPresqu'ile

Randy Sullivan,95-057,WhitefishBay andthe East Side, of Lake Superior to Wawa

For more information contact PennyYoung,Data Coordinator,MCCR,77BloorStreet West, 2nd Floor,Toronto, Ontario,M7A2R9.

Charles Garrad, 95-059,Grey, Dufferin,Simcoe County

Field School:

Dean Knight, 95-065,Ball Site (BdGv-3),Simcoe County

JohnTriggs, 95-060,Dundurn and HarveyParks, Regional Municipalityof Hamilton-Wentworth

Survey & Test Excavation:

Charles Garrod, 95-062, McQueen-Mc-Connell BcHb-31Site

May 1995

Consulting: Conservation (surface collecting only):

ChristopherAndreae, Historica Research Peter Queck, 95-078,Hamilton WentworthLimited, 95-074, Province of Ontario County, (under supervision of Southwest(Industrial Site Only) Regional Archaeologist)

Leslie Currie, 95-073, South Central Ronald Skitch, 95-082, English RiverOntario (Stages 1-3only) Channel Area - Northwestern Ontario

AllyneHenderson Gliddon, 95-063,North- Mark Warrack, Heritage Section, Com-em Ontario munityServices Department, 95-084,CityRita Griffin-Short, 95-072, Province of of MississaugaOntario Conservation: Diane S Delin, 95-080,

Arrow LakeColleen Halverson, 95-064, NorthernOntario

JonJouppien, Heritage Resource Consul-tant, 95-058,Province of Ontario

Bruce Stewart and Tom Arnold, M MDillonLimited 95-066,Province of Ontario

Bruce Stewart,MMDillonLimited, 95-067,New Highway 407ROW

John D. MacDonald, 95-085, Ontario -primarily Southern Ontario

Richard Stromberg, Toronto HistoricalBoard, 95-075,Metropolitan Toronto

Consulting:

Isobel Ball,95-081,Province of Ontario

Ann Balmer, Algonquin Associates. 95-079,Province of Ontario

Patrick Julig & Ken Buchanan. Archaeo-logical Survey of Laurentian University,95-077, Province of Ontario

Gary Warrick, Azimuth EnvironmentalConsulting Inc, 95-089, Province of On-tario

Excavation:

Morris Brizinski.. 95-076, Blind River Site(CbHr-2),(under supervision of NortheastRegional Archaeologist)

Field School:

Ellen Blaubergs and Nancy Saxberg, 95-088, Part lot 3 adjacent to Perth Museum,Town of Perth

Survey & Test Excavation:

Gary Crawford, Dept of Anthropology,Univ of Toronto, 95-083, South-CentralOntario

Christopher Ellis, Dept of Anthropology,Social Science Centre, University ofWestern Ontario, 95-087, SouthwesternOntario

Bradley Hyslop, 95-045, Lac Seul - KenoraDistrict. (under supervision of eitherNorthwest. or Northeast Regional Archae-ologist)

Underwater:

Stefan Pew, 95-068,East End of Lake Erie -Loran C 589500 and 447397

Underwater:

Arthur Amos and Scarlett Janusas, On-tario Marine Heritage Committee, 95-086,Bad Neighbour ShoaL Yeo Island, andLucas Island, Georgina Bay

Cris Kohl, 95-093, Eastern Lake OntarioOff Main Duck Island - White Star Site

Cris Kohl, 95-095, Lower Lake Huron -Wexford Site

Joseph MacInnis, 95-098, (Edmund fitz-gerald), Lake Superior, Province of On-tario

Jonathan David Moore, 95-096, LakeOntario from Prince Edward Bay, to WolfeIsland North to Kingston

Survey and Test Excavation:

David Riddell 95-090, Sydenham andThames River Drainages

Consulting:

Thomas Ballantine, 95-051(A), SouthCentral Ontario, (Including Regions ofParry Sound and Nipissing)

Rita Griffin-Short. Hamilton-WentworthArchaeological Foundation, 95-097,Hamilton-Wentworth and Halton Regions

Colin Varley, Cultural ManagementAssociates, 95-091, Province of Ontario

ConseIVation - surface collecting only:

Larry Brinker, 95-099, (under supeIVisionof Southwest Regional Archaeologist),Burford twp Northwest comer, conc 1. 2and 3 East of Brant Road 25 and Blenheimtwp, conc 1, 2 and 3 from Gobles toPrinceton

A RADIOCARBON DATE FROM THE GRENDELSITE ON ABAMASAGI LAKE

1bis research note reports on a radiocar-bon date from a hearth on the GrendelSite in north central Ontario. The site,EcIt-4, is located on the east shore ofAbamasagi Lake, near the outflowof theKawashkagama River. Itwas discoveredby Nick and Chris Adams during theirarchaeological survey of the area north-east of Lake Nipigon, conducted for theNorthCentralRegionalOfficeof the (then)Ministry of Citizenship and Culture, in

Abamasagi is one of a cluster of headwa-ters lakes along the height of land sepa-rating the Great Lakes and Hudson Baydrainage basins. Its waters flowinto theAlbany River via the LittleCurrent andKenogami Riversystems (Figure I).

Stratification and Comparative Dating

Test pitting and the excavation of a one--metreunitdemonstrated that the site waswell stratified, with as many as three

'~~i~-I I

II,,--'

cultural layers, separated by bands ofrelatively sterile sand. Recoveries in-cluded debitage. bone fragments andretouched flake tools; in addition, twohearth features were recorded.

The first layer below the present surfaceproduced historic material, including aniron butcher-style case knife with aFrench maker's mark. On the basis ofcomparison with artifacts from FortMichilimackinac, this could be attributedto the period 1715-1781(Adams 1983:44).It should be noted that at Mi-chilimackinac, this style was more fre-quent in contexts dating after about 1740to 1745(cf.Stone 1974:273).

Below the knife in the same layer was aunilaterally barbed bone harpoon point,which, though it could not be determinedconclusively. appeared to have beenmade using metal tools. Similar speci-mens dating from the early- to mid-eigh-teenth century have been found at othersites (Adams 1983:52). No diagnosticswere recovered from the second culturallayer in the one-metre unit, but a smooth-surlaced rim sherd with an outflaring,scalloped lip was found in a test pit ashort distance erway. Itcame from a darkorganic cultural layer, which may proba-bly be correlated with the second stratumnoted in the excavation unit.

Unlike the Blackduck or Selkirk potterymore characteristic of the interior borealforest,this rim appeared to have affinitieswith Oneota ceramics, such as those atthe Mero Sitein northern Wisconsin. Thissuggested a date between about AD 1000and 1300 for the second stratum of thismulti-eomponentsite (Adams 1983:54-55).

Alarge. heavilyfire-fractured chert bifacewas found during shovel testing. It ap-peared to have come from the thirdculturallayer. Based on its size and form,the excavators tentatively suggested thatthis tool might date to the late Archaic

period (Adams 1983:53,57). This wouldindicate a considerable time depth for theGrendel site.

When the test pit was expanded into aone-metre unit, excavation determinedthat the biface had probably lain in thebottom of a hearth feature, rich in char-coal This was associated with the deep-est ofthe three cultural strata, between 21and 24 cm below the surface.

Charcoal was collected from the hearthfor future radiocarbon dating. The writerhad the opportunity to submit this foranalysis in 1985, when a sample fromanother site could not be run. The Gren-del site sample returned a radiocarbonage of 1250+/- 60 BP(Dicarb DIC-3160).

Recent advances in C-14 calibration(Minzeand Reimer 1993),permit a refine-ment ofthis date. The calibrated date forthe hearth feature is 1171cal BP,or calAD 779. At one standard deviation thedate range falls between 1266and 1069cal BP. The most probable age of thehearth is between the mid-eighth andearly ninth century. The calibration datais presented in Table I and Figure 2.

Discussion

The Grendel site appears to have beenperiodically reoccupied over a period ofsome 900years. The uppermost stratummay be assigned an eighteenth centurydate, probably reflecting the latter days ofthe French fur trade in that area in themid-1700s.The lowest occupation can beassigned a date in the mid-eighth to earlyninth century, based on the radiocarbonassay. This component could thereforebe expected to produce late MiddleWoodland or early Late Woodland arti-facts. It also provides an age for thebiface, suggesting that this technologypersisted after the Archaic.

There also appears to have been anoccupation somewhere between theeleventh and fourteenth centuries, evi-denced by the scallop-lip rim sherd.Though recovered from a test pit, this wasfoundina black soil layer which probablycorrelates with the middle cultural stra-tum in the excavation unit.

The presence of scallop-lip ceramics onthe site is intriguing. Ceramics reminis-cent ofthose from south and east of LakeSuperior have been found at several sitesin the Lake Superior drainage, suggest-ing an expansion westward out of theseareas along the north shore and into theLake Nipigon region between the thir-teenth and fourteenth centuries (Arthurs1985;Hamilton 1991). This, however, isthe first suggestion that these contactsextended north of the height of land.

As Adams noted in his survey report. theGrendel site, while not large, wouldappear to offer excellent potential forarchaeological research. In the often thinsoils of boreal forest sites, componentsrepresenting hundreds or thousands of

I

41400C

1300R

G[ 1200

o 1100

P

years of occupation are often containedwithin a thin layer of soil mantling thebedrock. The deposits of the GrendelSite, wellseparated stratigraphically andin time, which yielded a surprising rangeof artifacts as well as features, provide arqre opportunity to examine temporallydiscrete archaeological assemblages.The probable French fur trade compo-nent and the presence of apparentlyexotic ceramics both warrant furtherexamination. Though the lowest stratumyielded few artifacts, at least in the areaexcavated. the c.14 date provides an agefor the earliest occupation identified.

The sites in this part of the country tend tobe rather sparse in diagnostic artifacts.and few are currently supported byradiocarbon dates. The Grendel sitedate, in combination with the stylisticallydated artifacts from the other layers,provides a first step in the construction ofa cultural chronology for the interiorboreal forest north and east of LakeNipigon.

01C-11601250 +/- 60Col curue:INTCRL91.14C1 sigmo

Lab No.:Provenience:

DIC-3160Unit ONEO Lev VIII (21-24 em), NW Quad,Feature G, samples 82-3, 82-41250 :I: 60car AD n9 or cal BP 1171

Radiocarbon Age BP:Calibrated Age:

Method A·:standard Dev.68.3%(1D68.3%(1D

calibrated Age Rangecal AD 684 (n9) 881cal BP 1266 (1171) 1069

Method B··:standard Dev.88.3%(1 D

calibrated Age Range Probabilitycal AD 705 - 749 .30cal AD 752 - 826 .51cal AD 834- 864 .18cal BP 1245 - 1201 .30cal BP 1198 -1124 .51caJ BP 1116 -1086 .18

"Melhad A (eal AOIBC & eaI BP age ~ obtained from intercepts; format = minimum of cal age I1Inges (eal ages) maximumof eal age ranges at 1 standard deviation).-Method B (eal ADIBC & eal BP age I1Inges from probability distribution; format = eal AD & cal BP age I1Inges; probabilitiesat 1 standard deviation).Computed using CALIB 3.0.3 for Apple Macintosh; see Stuiver, M. and Reimer, P.J., 1993, Radiocarbon, 35, p. 215-230.

Adams,N.1983 An Archaeological SUIVeyof the

Nakina Lakes Area Near Gerald-ton, Ontario. North Central RegionConsexvation Archaeology Report15, Heritage Branch. Ministry ofCitizenship and Culture, ThunderBay.

Arthurs, D.1985 Late Woodkmd Occupations North

of Superior. Paper presented atthe Canadian ArchaeologicalAssociation Annual Meeting, Win-nipeg, Manitoba.

presented at Manitoba Archaeo-logical Society Annual Meeting,Brandon, Manitoba.

Stone, L.M.1974 Fort Michilimackinac 1715-1781:

An Archaeological Perspective onthe Revolutionary Frontier. Publica-tions of the Museum, Anthropologi-cal Series, Vol. 2, Michigan StateUniversity and Mackinac IslandState Park Commission.

Stuiver, M., and Reimer, P,J.1993 Extended 14C Database and Re-

vised CAI.1BRadiocarbon Calibra-tion Program. Radiocarbon,35:215-230.

Hamilton, S.1991 Non-local Ceramics in Northwest- 1301Brock St., Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3N

em Ontario's Boreal Forest. Paper OY8.

22nd Annual OAS SymposiumOctober 13-15 in Thunder Bay

Hosted by the ThWlder Bay Chapter of the OAS at the Prince Arthur Hotel,17 North Cumberland Street, ThWlder Bay, Ontario

Friday eveningRegistration 7:00 pm - Social Gathering with wine and cheese, cash bar anddisplays.Presidents' Meeting 7:00 pm.

Saturday morning and afternoonRegistration 8: 15 am - papers, displays and sales to follow (at this point wehave indications from -27 speakers and are awaiting abstacts); there will beconcurrent sessions with major sessions of Laurel, Late Palaeoindian in theGreat Lakes, Historic Archaeology and a general session on other papers.

Saturday eveningBanquet with guest speaker, Dr. David Overstreet of the Great LakesArchaeological Research Centre, who will be speaking on Mammoth Killsexcavated in Wisconsin during the past two years.

Sunday morningTour of Old Fort William (the reconstruction of the inland headquarters oftheNorth West Company) and/or additional papers ifnecessary.

d' The Prince Arthur Hotel lies on the shore of Lake Superior, overlooking theSleeping Giant. Be sure to askfor a lakeside room. To book in advance. telephone 1-800-:267-2675. We are /ookingforward to seeing as many friends as possible and arealso expecting a large contingency of colleagues from Manitoba, Minnesota,Wisconsin and Michigan. For further information call Bill Ross, ProgrammeChairman, at (807) 475-1551 during business hours or (807) 345-2733 at home.

AD-HOLCONSULTING IlA1JSpecializing inhigh value educationpl"'Ogramme pl"'Oductstailored to complimentyour exhibitS.Call for details.

~oHoldenMuseum Educetion Consultant

As the advertisement indicates, Jo Holden has entered into independent Museum-Heritage Education consulting, after a long and productive association with theRegion of Peel Museum.

Jo was a mamber of the team that created and packaged the DISCO VERONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGY !<itthat is now servicing northern and southern Ontario.

All programmas developed will be in full consultation with the site co-ordinators. willemphasize active learning, will be empathetic to all ages/special needs/abilities, andwill be attuned to the Ontario Common Curriculum Outcomes.

"Afullprehistoric and historical archaeological survey on the past human occupationof the Red HillValley will be documented by Mayer Heritage Consultants lnc. as partof the valley's revitalization. The swvey began the week of June 12.The purpose of thisthree-month. $50,000 archaeological sUIVey is to provide a complete record ofAboriginal and Euro-Ccmadian activity ....Volunteers are welcome to participate in theteste:xcavations ...Call ... 545-4407 to register. The sUIVeyis expected to be completedby August 1995.

The Red Hill Valley project is a five-year comprehensive environmental plan torevitalize the valley. The project is being co-ordinated by the Hamilton RegionConsexvation Authority, the largest environmentaL natural resources organization inthe area." For more information. contact Bruce Duncan, Red HillProject Co-Ordinatorat (905) 546-2995.

HERITAGE CONSERVATION AWARD TO DEVIL'SPULPIT GOLF ASSOCIATION

Conflict has arisen in our recent pastwhen burial sites have been located ongolf courses. It doesn't have to be thatway. On July 1. 1995, I presented theDevil'sPulpitGolfAssociation (DPGA)withthe Ontario Archaeological Society'sHeritage Conservation Award for demon-strating that graves and greens can co-exist peacefully. In 1993,largely throughthe efforts of Heather Broadbent, chair ofthe Caledon Heritage Committee andLACAC Heritage Resource Officer, thetownofCaledon (situateda short distancenorthwest of Toronto) came to nominatethe DPGAfor this award.

Whatdid the DPGA,headed by the inven-tors of Trivial Pursuit, do to earn thisnomination? It was stated at the 1993OASAnnual Business Meeting that itwas"for considering extant and buried heri-tage resources during planning anddesign of golf courses, and arranging forarchaeological assessment work to beundertaken, including excavation ofhistoric components on the sites".

Whatdoes this mean in concrete, humanterms? Forme, the main such componentconcerns three girls, the Davis sisters,who were tragic victims of a diphtheriaepidemic in 1861. They were somewhathurriedly buried beside each other onfamily land, trees planted beside the sadlittle graves. Their father wanted theirgraves to eventually be relocated in thevillage cemetery, but no one wanted tohave anything to do with the dreadeddiphtheria, so in the hastily-d.ug family

cemetery they remained. forgotten by allbut an aging few.

The DPGA not only made sure that thegraves were not disturbned, but alsomade an extra effort to honour the previ-ously neglected site. They erected amonument commemorating the children,enclosed the site within a white picketfence, and took care of the trees plantedmore than 130years before.

There are other signs of respect forheritage on the two golf courses run bythe association. The foundation of anineteenth century barn is left intact onthe fairway of one of the holes of theDevil'sPaintbrush,a characteristic featurein an article in Sports Illustrated. Eachhole ofthe Devil'sPulpitcourse is markedby a small cairn on which is recorded abriefhistoryof some local historical placeor object.

The OAS Heritage Conservation Awardwas introduced in 1991 to recognizesignificant voluntary contributions toarchaeological preservation within On-tario,over and above the requirements oflaw. The DPGAhad put a lot of effort thatthey were not compelled to make into thenot-so-trivial pursuit of archaeologicalheritage.

Editor: There are no outstanding nomina-tions/or further Awards. Nominations forthe Heritage Conservation Award may beforwarded to the OAS office at any time.

18224 King S1,W., Bolton, Ontario, L7E5S1.

The Ontario HistoricalSociety,the little Current-Howland Centennial Musewn and theGrassroots Gardening Club jointly offer a workshop designed to assist all thoseinterested. in developing a heritage garden for their historical organization orinstitution. their community or for their own pleasure. It will be held on Saturday,August 19, 1995 between lOam and 4 pm in the Seniors Hall, Sheguiandah.

tor further information. contact the OHS at (416) 226-9011, or linda Kellyat (705) 368-2367.

"Anew Cultural Resources Management post-diploma program offered by NiagaraCollege offersgraduates career opportunities in musewns, art galleries, archives andothered.ucalionaLgovernment. heritage and conseIVation facilities ....The curriculwnfor the two-semester (one year) program was designed. using input from the futureemployers of the program's graduates. Topics include aspects of collectionsmanagement. cultural institutionadministration. operations management. exhibitionsdevelopment, managing financial resources, educational programming and publicrelations.

Applications are now being accepted for the term beginning September 1995.Applicants must have graduated from related college or university programs to beeligible for admission. People with diplomas in journalism, interior design, businessadmlnistration. hwnan resources, office administration. graphic or visual arts, publicrelations, hospitalityand tourism, rcreation leadership and early childhood educationwould be pcn1icularlysuitable for applicants for this program.

University graduates with degrees in fine arts, history, architecture, businessadministration/commerce/!inance, recreation, education, and journalism/communications would also be suitable candidates. Comparable experience atcultural institutions willalso be considered for admission.

The program is based at the Welland Historical Musewn, with on-site placements atother regional cultural facilities, field trips and independent group projects providingrelevant real-life work experience.

For an application or for more information about the CRMprogram, please call theNiagara College Marketing and Communications Department at (905) 735-2211/384-9760/382-2383, ext 7771."

In lateApril 1995,just as Iwas completingteacher training at the Institute for ChildStudy at the University of Toronto, I wasapproached by the OAS about makingclassroom visits to discuss Ontario ar-chaeology and heritage conseIVation.This program was to be funded by theOAS.

I had access to the OAS educational kit,DISCOVERING ONTARIO ARCHAEOL-OGY, but was able to supplement thiswithsome ofmy own materials to developan ativity-based presentation. I thenapproached various teachers, principalsand school librarians to set up an ap-pointment schedule for May and June.

By the end of June, I had visited nineschools from five school boards in South-Central Ontario. These ranged fromOrono Public School in the east to St.Ann's Separate School in Ancaster to thewest. Most. however, were in the Torontoarea. I saw 30 classes, ranging fromjuniorkindergarten to grade 12,for a totalof 826 students. Of these, the majority(70.5%)were juniors, grades four to six.

An introduction to archaeological tech-niques and Ontario heritage were en-hanced using videos which I had taken atvarious sites. Students and teacherswere enthusiastic about the "hands-on"approach and enjoyed working with thevarious materials - botanical faunal, lithicand ceramic. Many of the teacherswanted me to come back to the school forfurther presentations or to visit theircolleagues' classrooms. One principalrequested that I come to a ProfessionalDevelopment Day in August to introducethe kit to the teachers from a "family"ofschools and to suggest ways in which thiskitcan be used withthe Common Curricu-lum.

Thisprogram afforded me the opportunityto visit a variety of classes and makecontact with a number of educators andstudents. I found it to be challenging,exciting and beneficial. It gave me achance to explore the use of the kit.something I may have a chance to usewhen Iam in my own classroom.

The 1996SHA conference will be held January 2-7 in Cincinnati. The themes areBridgingdistances: recent approaches to immigration, migration, and ethnic identity,and Forgingpartnerships in outreach and education. For information. contact MarcyGray, Conference Chair at (513)665-6707,e-mail76554.3313@compuserve.com.

"Five years in the writing, the recently published Before and Beyond Sainte-Marie:1987-1990 Excavations at the Sainte-Marie among the Hurons Site Complex (circa1200-1990) was officially launched on June 24th .... UtJ details the most recentexcavations of the historic site. Sainte-Marie among the Hurons (1639-1649)was thefirst European community in what is now Ontario.

According to the book. no conclusive evidence has been found to support theexistence of a Huron longhouse where one is presently located in the historicreconstruction. Nor was evidence found for the existence of 17th century Europeanstructures in and around the southern end of the reconstructed site.

Through specialized study of artifacis (lithics, beads and Native ceramics) and otherdata, the writers confirm that native peoples lived temporarily on the site centuriesbefore the Jesuits settled there. Documentary research also indicates that 19th centurysettlers used this same land. Conclusions focus on interpreting the results of recentexcavations as well as suggesting how previous understanding of the 17th century sitemight be revised.

Before and Beyond Sainte-Marie was written by Jeanie Tummon and W. Barry Graywith contributors Karlis Karklins, David G. Smith and John Tomenchuk. The book ispublished by Copetown Press in association with the Friends of Sainte-Marie, and isavailable in the Museum GiftShop at Sainte-Marie among the Hurons on Highway 12,five kID east of Midland, Ontario."

The book may also be purchased by mail at $21.95 (less I0"10 discount to Friends ofSainte-Marie) plus 7% GST plus $2 p&h. Forward a cheque or VISA/MASTERCARDdetails with your name, address and telephone number.to Friends of Ste. Marie, Box160,Midland ON L4R4KB(70S)526-7838.

"After seven years of planning, the Ontario Workers Arts and Heritage Centre hasbecome a reality in the 1860 Custom House located on Stuart Street in Hamilton'snorth end.. The Ministty of Citizenship, Culture and Recreation has found $1.3 millionfor the purchase and renovation of the 135-year-old site and the City of Hamilton hasagreed to provide $650,000 towards the project at least for the first year.

The Centre, which was once owned by The Ontario Heritage Foundation. will functionas a museum, exhibiting and preserving labour history. While renovations areunderway, a small full-time staff will work to develop educational and outreachprogrammes focusing on workers' history and culture which will be promoted tounions, as well as to other heritage and cultural organizations locally and province-wid "e.

"The last undisturbed battlefield from the War of 1812may finally be safe from athreatened bulldozer attack.

The Niagara Parks Conunission has agreed to buy 210 hectares of undeveloped landthat includes the site ofthe Battle of Chippawa. The sale means the preservation of asitewhere at least ISO men were buried after a last-ditch attempt by the United Statesto wrest control of Canada from the British in 1814. The land was at the centre of amodern-d.ay skirmish in 1992over plans to turn it into a subdivision.

"We are thrilled,"said Bob Foley, the executive-d.irector of the Chippawa BattlefieldPreservation Society, a group that has tried to preserve the site since the early 1990s.

The sale price was not revealed but it involved several million dollars, said DennisSchafer, the commission's general manager. The land willbe added to the 1,416hectares already governed by the commission. Shafer said the agency hopes toeventuallyset up an informationcentre and walking tours, reforest the area and cleanup a creek."

Volume 5 of the Annual Archaeological Report. Ontario (MHO), new series ($12.00each) and The Cummins Site Complex by Patrick Julig, No. 2 of the OntarioArchaeological Reports ($20.00each) are now available. To order these books, senda cheque or money order, payable to the Ontario Heritage Foundation. to 10AdelaideStreet East. Toronto, Ontario, M5C IJ3. Add 7%GST and $2.50for shipping.

From Heritage Matters, Spring/Summer 1995

A group of visual artists have chosen the Ontario Heritage Foundation's historicGeorge Brown House as a focus for their site-specific paintings, sculpture andinstallations. In this varied exhibition, each of the artists has responded to particularaspects ofthe architecture, function or history associated with George Brown House.The workthey have created explores the changing definitions of the home, communityand identity.

Historyand Other Storieswillbe installed throughout the ground floor and the upstairscloak room of the House, which is located at 50 Baldwin Street (at Beverley).

AnOpening Reception willtake place on Tuesday, August 15from 7 to 9 pm and theexhibition willrun until Friday, August 25. Viewing hours are Monday to Friday from12noon to 6 pm, Saturday and Sunday from 12noon to 5 pm. Admission is free.

From Heritage Matters, Spring/Summer 1995

reprinted from Bruce Trail News, Summer 1995

Charles Garrad

Bruce Trailers hiking north on the BlueMountains section sooner or later turnnorth from Sixth Street and pass by theScott Mission camp. To the right is thelast glimpse for some time of the countryrunning north to the shoreline of Notta-wasaga Bay. On a clear day, the breath-taking view embraces several hundredsquare miles, including the sweepinglakeshore of the Penetang Peninsula asfar as Christian Island some 20 milesaway.

As the eye sweeps over hundreds ofsquare milesofcountryside, one wonderswhat it was like in its natural state, if themagic and inspiration stillevident was allthe more so back in Indian days. Theanswer to thisquestion is yes, for the landat the hiker's feet was the land of Elca-renniondi.

People of the Bruce Trail do not comevery close to the Rock and probably theIndians of ancient days also kept theirdistance because the rock Ekarenniondiand itsvicinitywas where the world of theLivingmet that of the Dead. Close to therock passed the trailtaken by the recentlydeceased on theirjourneyto the Village ofthe Souls.

Historical Records

Allthis sounds very fancifulbut it actuallyhappened and was observed and re-corded by educated Frenchmen whowere inthe area expanding the bounds ofNew France. The first of these was theexplorer Samuel de Champlain. He andhisparty arrived on footoverland in 1616.

The last was the Jesuit priest LeonardGarreau, who in the spring of 1650leftbycanoe fromCraigleithbeach for ChristianIsland and on to Quebec, leaving behindan empty land. In the little more thanthree decades, the native population, theOttawas and their allies, inexplicablynicknamed "Nation du Petun" (TobaccoNation)byChamplain, a union of the Deerand Wolftribes,were ravaged and greatlyreduced in number by disease.

Champlain'smaps of 1616and 1632showthe location of the "Nation du Petun". AJesuit map dated 1651 shows the samearea marked Ekarenniondi. Its name wasrecorded by the French Jesuit priestFather Jean de Brebeuf in 1636 asEkarenniondi(variousspellings), meaning"here the rock stands out". In the impa-tient way of the modern world, this isusually translated to "Standing Rock".

WhenBrebeufasked "Whereis the Villageof Souls?", he was given two answers.One informant told him that it was: "...to-wards the west, ...that the road they tookwas broad and well-beaten; that theypassed near a rock called Ecaregniondi(Ekarenniondi), which has often beenfound marked with the paint which theyuse to smear their faces".

Another informant told Brebeuf: "...that onthe same road, before arriving at theVillage,one comes to a Cabin where livesone named Oscotarach. or 'Pierce-head',who draws the brains out of the heads ofthe dead, and keeps them ...".

The idea that a benevolent helper aids thedead on their journey to the "afterlife"isalmost universal throughout mankind. Inthis instance, Pierce-head removes thememory so the newly arrived soul willnotyearn for its former life on earth. What-ever Oscotarach looked likehe must havehad some means of piercing heads, suchas talons,claws or a beak. Further, as aneternal entityhe was probably made of aneternal substance. The nearest sub-stance of reliable longevity is the nearbylimestone rock. The conclusion followsthat Ekare~ondi and Oscotarach arethe same rock.

Having the existence of a certain rockrecorded hundreds of years ago is onething; finding it among all the other rockyoutcrops of the Niagara Escarpment isanother. Fortunately there are cluesbesides the beak. claws or talons and thathe "stands ouf' near a trail.

Ekarenniondi was also the name of avillage, inferentially near the rock. TheFrench records add that during the 1640sthe village Ekarenniondi was the pincipalvillage of the local Petun (Wyandot) Indi-ans.

Help is also available from the growingunderstanding of the characteristics ofsacred rocks. The lroquoian family ofIndians, to which the Petun-Wyandotbelong, respected rocks that were zoom-orphic, that is, looking like something,animal or hwnan. The Algonquian peo-ple including the Ottawa Indians thatwere in the same area, believed thatrocks with many cracks and fissuresexuded "orenda" (sacred spiritual power)inhabited by the 'little people" who weremanifestations of the power, and con-nected theworldofthe livingto the worldsof spirit. A talL fissured rock next to acavity or tunnel to the lower world wouldbe ideal.

The search forthe rock Ekarenniondi tookthe attention of a nwnber of researchers.It was a local farmer in 1903 who firstidentified it at the Scenic CCI\Tes" a shortdistance from today's Bruce Trail. Otherrocks were proposed in the past but itwp.s gradually accepted that only the rockat the Scenic Caves met all the essentialcriteria. Until a few years ago the rockwas visible from the Trail north of theScott Mission barn half-way to ScenicCaves Road, but it is now screened bytrees.

Ina modern Ojibwaversion of the story ofthe journey to the Land of the Dead, theentity beside the trail who keeps thebrains is named 'The Watcher". We nowbelieve the rock at the Scenic Caves is:Ekarenniondi--the Standing RockOscotarach--the 'Pierce-head", and TheWatcher.

The Watcher still watches. By taking ashort detour from the Bruce Trail to theScenic Caves, hikers willfind a rock, talland fissured, next to several cavities(particularly''FatMan's Misery"). The rockis remarkably transformed almostmoment-te-momenton a sunny day by theeffects of light and shadow. It's fun tostand on the adjacent look-out point andask people what they think the rocklabeled "Ekarenniondi" looks like. De-pending on the shadows and the angleviewed, the rock appears to resemble abear, sometimes a bird, usually an owl. Afew discern a dinosaur.

No matter what, he sits and watches tothe east. from whence the souls come.Whether bird or bear, he has the meansofpiercing skulls. The rounded bouldersof the talus slope at his feet can easily beperceived as resembling brains. A re-markable phenomenon is a 'death'shead', whichappears only momentarily inperfect conditionsof lighton the west sideof the rock.

Anyred mark which may be visible on therock is indeed "thepaint which they use tosmear their faces'. This is hematite oriron ore, granules of which are naturallypresent in the limestone, oxidizing oncontact withthe atmosphere. The lndiansground this material into a powder tomake paint.

On the flat plateau lands below the Rockare the remains of two Petun-Ottawavillages. The Bruce Trail runs throughone of them. half-wayto the Scenic CavesRoad. Here was the village ofEkarenniondi in Champlain's time and itwas probably here that he met the Ottawalndians'he nick-named "Standing Hairs".

The lndian trail at that time angled up themountain slope from below Osler Bluffwhere the Bruce Trail crosses at thevillage site. Ata point on the Trail, hikersstep where Champlain also trod nearly400 years ago. If Champlain had goneonly a little distance further north, hewould have been able to see the shore-line west of Craigleith and his maps of1616 and 1632 would have shown theshoreline more accurately. The decreasein the accuracy of his rendering of theshorelines further west indicates he didnot see it. This in turn demonstrates thatduring his 1616 visit he proceeded nofurther than the village of Ekarenniondi,near the Standing Rock from where theshore cannot be seen, and not as far asthe Rock itself.

lndianvillages moved fairly frequently fora variety of reasons. Sometime betweenChamplain's visit of 1616 and the com-mencement of Jesuit missionary work inthe area in 1639,the village sites near therock were abandoned. The two villageswere rebuilt closer to Craigleith andremained there until the Petuns andOttawas left the area in 1650. The princi-

pal village retained the nameEkarenniondi.

Archaeological investigations have con-firmed the extensive presence of Frenchpriests, soldiers and traders and of theOttawas, Petuns and Huron. In 1649whena raiding Iroquoisarmy began destroyingHuron villages, Ottawas, ['..J and Huronrefugees fled to the Petuns for safety,reportedly across the ice of frozen Not-tawasaga Bay. They stayed together toforma new tribe, known in later history asWyandot. Theirjointdescendants, includ-ing people whose ancestors once knewthe RockEkarenniondi, and others whoseancestors fled across the ice, todaycomprise the Wyandot Tribe of Okla-homa.

The Ottawa and Petun-Wyandot Indianpeople have long since gone, but theStanding Rock Ekarenniondi still standsout.

The BruceTrailremains on top of the BlueMountains and turns away towards theBeaver Valley to the west. Lingering atthe brink for a last look at Collingwood,the hiker, stillin the fullevening light of thesetting sun, stands at what was briefly themost western limitof New France. On thelowlands below, now in the eveningshadows, once stood the first Christianchurches to be built west of theNotlawasaga River, where French prieststoiled to convert the Indians into Europe-ans. The Petuns resisted both the newteaching and the new diseases, andemerged reborn as the Wyandot. Theyadapted as we all must do on the humanjourney. Butenough musing, it is time tomove on while the light holds.

[Editor: The author notes that this articlewas compiled by Bruce Trail News fromtwo separate articles he submitted]

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Sent to us on the internet via the Hamilton chapter OAS

The 1995Chacmool conference will be held November 10-12in Calgary. The themeis Archaeology into the new millennium: public or perish. For information, contact theDepartment of Archaeology at (403) 282-9567, e-mail 13042@ucdasvml.admin.ucalgary.ca.

The Rochester Museum and Science Center has a number of its publications on saleat 50% off. Can you imagine the Iroquois Pottery Conference Proceedings for onlyUS$2.50?(plus postage). Ifyou did not receive a copy of their flyer and would like one,contact the OAS office. If the OAS answering machine responds, please record asufficiently explicit and clear request. including your name and a mailing address.

from the OAS office

DR. JAMES E. ANDERSON (1926-1995)Reprinted from The Connective Tissue, Vol 11(1)

Jerry Me/bye

It is difficult for me to write this obituarybecause James E. Anderson is my "aca-demic father". While so many knew himsimply as "Jim",I could never call himanything but "Dr.Anderson". To me, thetitlewas used withall the love and respectdue a mentor, a confidant and a closepersonal friend. When Mike Finneganasked me to write an obituary for TheConnective Tissue, I formulated the usualformat of an obituary. After reflecting fora few days, I decided that this was anopportunity to depart from formality. Inthe cr, I can talk informally to my col-leagues in human skeletal biology, andreflecton the contributions and measuresofacareer.

Dr. Anderson was born and educated inOntario. He was a small-town boy, seem-ingly with few opportunities. His parentsdied when he was young. Nevertheless,he excelled in learning. He entered theUniversity of Toronto Medical Schoolwhere he fell under the spell of Dr. J.GB.Grant (Grant's Atlas of Anatomy andGrant's Method of Human Anatomy).Grant became a surrogate father to him.Anderson graduated with an M.D.degreein 1953. After serving his time as anintern, he became a Lecturer in theAnatomy Department at the UniversityofToronto (1956-1958).Under Grant he hadstudied many aspects of physical anthro-pology (human growth. human variation,human evolution and, of course, humanskeletal anatomy and pathology).

In 1958the Department of Anthropologywas expanding, and he was appointed asa physical anthropologist with an Assis-tant Professorship~ His teaching and

publications were quickly recognized,and by 1961 he was promoted to fullProfessor. The Universitystilldid not havea Ph.D.programme.

In 1963he moved from the University ofToronto to a post in the Department ofAnthropology at the State University ofNew Yorkat Buffalo. Soon his labs werealive with graduate students. He taughtcourses in human osteology, genetics,human growth, and palaeopathology.Many came to sit at his feet in wonder,and many carried on his work. Somenames from those early days come tomind: Dr. Robert Sundick (Kalamazoo),Dr.Mike Pietrusewski (Hawaii),Dr. MarieClabeaux Geis (Buffalo),Dr. Jerry Melbye(Toronto),Dr. Jerry Cybulski (Ottawa), Dr.Patrick Hartney (deceased), r. JoyceSirianni(SUNY-Buffalo),Dr.Audry Sublett(deceased). There are others, but mymemory fades int he wonder of thoseearly years. God, it was fun. the excite-ment of learning, the seminars; the lightsin the lab burned into the night. He wasalways there. Challenging, joking, crying,and, above all learning. We all loved thatman. In his spare time he became theChair of the Department at Buffalo,pub-lished papers, attended conferences, andlectured to all who asked. Oh yes, con-currentlyduring these years he organizedand directed the so-called "BurlingtonGrowthProjecf'and was a regular consul-tant to the National Museum of Canada.

In 1966he returned to Canada to orga-nize and direct the Ph.D. program inPhysicalAnthropology at the UniversityofToronto. Again, at Toronto he seemed tohave time for us all.

Many of the advanced graduate studentsfollowed him to Toronto. New ones alsobecame disciples: Dr. Geoff Gaherty, Dr.Chris Meiklejohn (Winnipeg), Dr. SunnyJerkic (Newfoundland), Dr. EmokeSyathmary (McMaster), Dr. Nancy Ossen-berg (Queen's), Dr. Mike Spence (West-ern Ontario), Dr. El Molto (Lakehead D.),etc. He was our "academic father", ourmentor. In 1967he took on the additionalresponsibility of organizing and directingthe new Anatomy Department at theMcMaster Medical School.

After 1969he left Toronto and devoted allhis time to teaching Anatomy students atMcMaster. I have no idea how many liveshe touched there until his early retirementin 1985due to illhealth.

I feel almost helpless in trying to chroniclethe life of this man. It is too complex, toovaried and too vast. Should I mention theOntario Citizen of the Year Award, theOntario Teaching Excellence Award, theStar Medal of research? Should I talkabout his Cool School for recoveringadolescents who dropped out of formalschooling? Should I talk of his devotion tothe Boy Scouts? His family? the young

son who died so tragically? His clinicalwork with adolescent drug abuse?

Academically, he was a full professor ofanthropology, psychology, and humananatomy. He published on human skele-tons (including a textbook), human anat-omy (including editing new editions ofGrant's Atlas), and human growth.

He told me that one of life's greatestaccomplishments is to have touchedsomeone and to have made a difference.I have no doubt that he was talking ofteaching. I think this was very importantto him. To those of us who had the goodfortune to have him as a mentor, hetouched us and forever he made a differ-ence. He was a great teacher of humanosteology. His ideas, insights and senseof humour were absorbed and are stillbeing passed on to new students today.

Finally, Dr. Anderson was deeply reli-gious. He loved the Church, the ritual.and the Latin Mass. He believed in An-gelsl Ifhe was right. I have no doubt thatGod has assigned him special duty asGuardian Angel.

[Editor: Dr. Anderson was made anHonorazy Life member of the OAS in1969.1

This program funds research. recordings, documentation. publications or audio-visualpresentations of the histories of Ontario workers and workplaces, such as those nowdisappearing due to economic and technological changes. The deadline forapplications this year is September 29, 1995. For more information or assistance withmaking an application, please contact Paul Bator, the OHF's Historical Consultant. at(416) 314-4911.

Barnum House Museum, Grafton

Located on the north side of Highway 2, east of Cobow-g. Open Thursday throughMonday from 10 am to 5 pm until Labour Day. Admission $2.50 for adults, $2 forstudents and seniors, free for children 12and younger. Tel: (905) 349-2656.

Benares Historic House and Visitor Centre, Clarkson (Mississauga)

Located at 1507Clarkson Road North. Open (until December 22, 1995)Wednesdays,Thursdays and Fridays from I to 4 pm, weekends from I to 5 pm. Admission $3 foradults, $2 for seniors and students, $1 for children under 12and $7 for a family of twoadults and up to four children. Tel: (905) 822-2061.

Elgin and Winter Garden Theatre Centre, Toronto

Located at 189 Yonge Street (north of Queen Street opposite the Eaton Centre) inToronto. Open year round. Guided tours take place on Thursdays at 5 pm andSaturdays at II am. During Julyand August tours are also held on Sundays at 11am.Tour admission is $4 foradults and $3 for students and seniors. Group rates availableby advance booking. Administration/tour information/conference and meeting facilitybookings, tel. (416)363-5353. Show tickets (416)872-5555.

The Niagara Apothecwy, Niagara-on-the-Lake

Located at 5 Queen Street at King Street. Open until Labour Day, seven days a week,from 12noon to 6 pm. Free admission. Tel: (416) 962-4861.

Scotsdale Farm, near Georgetown

Located at RR#L north of 27th Road on the east side of Trafalgar. On-site information(705)873-1931;meetings/conference room bookings (416)314-3585.

Bethune-Thompson House, Williamston

Located at 19730 John Street (CountyRoad 19 and Raisin River). Open year round,weekdays 4 to 5 pm, weekends 1 to 5 pm. Free admission. Tel: (613) 347-7192.

Fullord Place, Brockville

Located at 287 King Street East. Open year round. From June to September, guidedtours take place Wednesday to Sunday and statutory holidays, II am to 4 pm. FromOctober to May, tours are held on weekends and statutory holidays. Admission $2.50for adults, $2 for students and seniors, $10 forfamily of 5 or more. Tel: (613)498-3003.

McMartin House, Perth

Located at 125Gore Street. Open year round, Monday to Thursday I to 4 pm. Freeadmission. Tel: (613)267-5531.

The Sir Harry Oakes Chateau, Kirkland Lake

Located at 2 Chateau Drive. Open year round, Monday to Saturday lOam to 4 pm,Sundays 12noon to 4 pm. Admission $2.50 for adults, $1.50 for students and seniors,$0.75 for children over 5. Tel: (705)568-8800.

Mather-Walls House, Keewatin

Located at 1116 Ottawa Street. Open every day from May to August 31 and onThursdays from September to April, from 10am to 3 pm. Admission $3 for adults, $1for children under 16years of age, $7 for families. Tel: (807)547-2870.

From Heritage Matters, Spring/Summer 1995

The incorporation of European trade goods at LeCaron: a 17thcentury Huron villagesite. Helen Evans - $2,300.

The faunal use and discard at the Praying Mantis site (AfHi-178).JeffreyMuir $5,000.

The 19thcentury farmer in Canada: a comparative butchering analysis of six historicfarmsteads in Ontario. Dwayne James - $3,000.

The bioarchaeology of the Armstrong Mound and related skeletal populations ofNorthwestern Ontario. Paige Campbell- $6,000.

The archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological remains at two Blackduck sites,Pukaskwa National Park, Ontario. Remi Farvaque - $2,700.

The Lake Temagami site (CgHa-2): intra-site lithic resource patterning and regionalprocurement strategies. Charlton Carse allen - $4,500.

Animal bones from the Carson site (BcGw-9). Huronia Museum - $4,995.

Economic influenceson a pioneer settlement: the St.Thomas Anglican Church HistoricRecords and Cemetery 1821-1874,Belleville,Ontario. J.Chris Dudar - $6,000.

The Fisher site: archaeological. geological and paleobotanical studies at an EarlyPaleo-Indian site in Southern Ontario. Royal Ontario Museum, $5,000.

Mostly from Heritage Matters, Spring/Summer 1995

by Paul Dilse, Consulting Heritage Manager for the Architectural Conservancy of Ontario Inc.

"Whether learning more about our architectural heritage or organizing to save animportant building in the community, historical societies can benefit from threetechnical service programmes run by the Architectural ConseIVancy, including theAdvisory Board, training and publications.

Since 1972,the AdvisoryBoard has been providing preliminary advice on a wide rangeof heritage conseIVation matters. The programme is essentially a referral service. Aclient is matched with a member from the Advisory Board, consisting of conseIVationarchitects, engineers, landscape architects and historians who volunteer their time.The AdvisoryBoard member spends up to one day in the field and another day writinga brief illustrated report.

A nominal fee of $150 is charged for the service, made as a donation to theArchitectural ConseIVancy. The client is also responsible for the out-of-pocketexpenses (mileage, long-distance calls, etc.) of the Advisory Board member who doesthe work ...

Historical societies and their friends can also ask for a special workshop where theycan acquire a new skillin architectural conseIVation. Custom-made but non-profit. theworkshop addresses a specific need of volunteer practitioners in their community. Arate card pricing training services is available.

The Architectural ConseIVancy's publications include well-prepared and readablebooks, monographs and booklets ....An annotated list of the publications is available.

For more information about the three programmes offered by the ArchitecturalConseIVanCY of Ontario, please contact ... [paul Dilsel at ... (416) 921-5324, fax (416)921-6909."

The Ontario Historical Society is planning to restore the gardens and grounds of itsnew headquarters, the John McKenzie House at 34 Parkview Avenue in Willowdale.The OHS is interested in seeing photographs, illustrations or any memorabilia relatingto the property as it would have appeared in the past. If you have memories, or knowof someone who would, the Society also would like to hear from you so that aninterview can be arranged. Please contact the OHS at (416) 226-9011, fax (416)226-2740.

Some years ago, I attended a retirementparty for a distinguished colleague at aprominentmidwestem university. Severalgenerations of former students were onhand to praise his many seasons offieldwork at home and abroad. But theywere tactful not to mention one problemwith their beloved mentor's career: onlyone of his excavations had ever beenpublished in full. Alas. the professor hasnow passed on, leaving behind nothingbut sketchy field notes and a museumstoreroom full of inadequately-labelledartifacts. Even in retirement. he could notfind the time to publish his fieldwork. Infact he was still digging right up to theend. The loss to science is incalculable.

I was brought up to believe that publish-ing one's rsearch was a sacred principleof archaeology. a task to be completedbefore new excavations were begun. Thegreat BritishEgyptologist Flinders Petriewas an early advocate of prompt and fullpublication. His reports are verbose andfar from complete by modem standards,but at least they provide a body of basicinformationwithwhich to work. MortimerWheeler was also careful to publish hisexcavations in full. My mentors did notalways practise what they preached, butthey taught us that prompt and fullpubli-cation was a fundamental responsibilityfor any archaeologist who ventures intothe field. The archaeological world haschanged since Wheeler's day. A genera-

,tion ago, most site reports were the workofa single scholar. Today, even a modestdig can involvea team of specialists anda quantity of data that may take years tostudy and write up. Ironically, in anacademic culture that considers publica-tion the most desirable of all scholarlyactivities. most archaeologists prefer tokeep on digging.

The common forum for presenting fielddata is the academic conference. where20-minute papers summarize new work.In recent years, publishers have printedvolumeafter volumeof such papers. oftengrouped under a general title. with littleeditorial coherence. Invariably, confer-ence papers give a nod to current theo-retical debates, present some limitedoriginaldata. and end with a brief synthe-sis noting how the new work advancesresearch in a particular subject area.Often,the same paper appears in severalplaces. recast slightlyto reflect a differentaudience or academic emphasis. In anacademic world where jobs are scarceand publication of any kind is seen as theroad to employment, such bibliography-padding has become commonplace. ifnot endemic. In one's later career thepressure to publish such papers to obtaintenure and regular promotions continuesunabated. Too often definitive reports onsites, artifacts, or survey work neverappear.

ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY UPDATE -LAST CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS

By the time you receive this issue of Arch Notes, the August 1st deadline forcontributionsto the 1995supplement of Zooachaeological Analysis on OntarioSites:An Annotated Bibliography willhave passed. However, Janet Cooper isworking on the supplement until the end of September and will acceptcontributions until then. Send these to her c/o Dr. Howard Savage, Dept OfAnthropology, 100St George St Universityof Toronto, Toronto ON M5S lAl.

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Successful Access to Archaeology Day

What do these organisations have incommon with the OAS? Archives Associ-ation of Ontario, Humber Heritage, To-ronto Chapter OAS, Ontario HistoricalSociety, Ontario Museum Association,Societe franco-ontarienne d'histoire ~t degenealogie, Black Creek Pioneer Village,United Empire Loyalists Association ofCanada Toronto Branch, The GibsonHouse, Societe d'histoire de Toronto, andMetro Toronto & Region ConservationAuthority, the Kortright Centre and theBoyd Field School. On Saturday June 24representatives of all these organizationsgathered at the Kortright Centre, north-west of Toronto, to jointly celebrate anumber of separate but conjunct events.For the twofrancophone heritage organi-zations it was the final day of 1995 se-maine francophone, marked by theKortright Centre by providing tour com-mentaries in French for the first time. Formany of the other organizations it was"AccesstoHeritage Day". For the archae-ologistsitwas ACCESS TO ARCHAEOlOGY

DAy.

ACCESS TO ARCHAEOLOGY DAy followeda month-long outreach to schools pro-gram, capably spearheaded by RudyFecteau. Features of the day itself in-cluded the Society's and Toronto Chap-ter's displays, a school kit, Michael Kira-ly'sincredible range of reproduced bone,antler, lithicand wood tools and weapons,and Rudi'scartoon poster "LithicTechnol-ogy'. Onlyone member was successful inspottingthe three differences between theoriginalposter and the version distributedwith Arch Notes. Congratulations go toLynne Wheller as the only prizewinner inthe "spot the three differences" contest.

Mirna Kapches spoke on "IroquoianLonghouses and the Seed-Barker Site",Gary Warrickspoke on "AncientHistory ofthe Humber ValleyAred', and Bob Burgartoiled back and forth from the KortrightCentre to the Seed-Barker archaeologicalsite toexplain what archaeology was andhow itmanifested on this site. Attendancewas up over last year.

Notice of Appointment of NominatingCommittee

Robert Burgar has been appointed chairof the 1996Nominating Committee. Thetask of the Committee is to prepare aslate of seven or more candidates forofficeas Directors of The Ontario Societyduring the business year 1996. BobBurgar now solicits nominations of con-senting candidates for office in 1996. Healso seeks twoother members to serve onhis Committee. Writtennominations maybe forwarded to the Nominating Commit-tee (in confidence), care of the OASOffice,the envelope being marked "Atten-tion - Nominating Committee". Bob canbe reached at home at (905) 856-0270.The Nominating Committee will presentits slate and report to the Board of Direc-tors and general membership at theAnnual Business Meeting in October, atwhich time nominations may be madefrom the floor before closure. Ifan elec-tionis necessary, itwillbe held by mailedballot accompanying the November-December 1995issue ofArch Notes. Thisnotice is intended tocomply withArticle VIof the Society's Constitution.

Returned Mail

Laura Tryphonopoulos was at the Calu-met residence of York University. If

anyone knows where she is now please have previously received the award. Anyask her to contact the OAS office. other eligible members whose names are

not listed should contact the OAS office.Notice of Annual Business Meeting

TIle 1995 Annual Business Meeting of TheOntario Archaeological Society will beheld at the Prince Arthur HoteL Thl.ll1derBay. Ontario. on Saturday. October 14,1995, at a time which will be annol.ll1ced inthe Symposium program. All Societymembers in good standing may attend.Copies of financial statements for thepreceding fiscal year and various reportswillbe available; an agenda will be circu-lated. To ensure there is time for ade-quate consideration, motions submitted inwriting in advance will be added to theagenda and given precedence over thosesubmitted verbally from the floor. Writtenmotions intended for the agenda shouldreach the Society's office at least oneweek prior. This notice is intended tocomply with Article V(3) of the Society'sConstitution.

Notice to Twenty.flve Year Members

To date fourteen members have estab-lished eligibility for Twenty-five YearMembership Awards in 1995. These areDavid ARfHURS, David J. A. CROIT,Joseph GRANGER. Mirna KAPCHES,Dean KNIGHT,Martha LATTA.StewartR.LESUE. Larry MESSENGER. Donald S.ROBERTSON, Geraldine SHEPHERD,Peter STORCK.David STOTHERS, HaroldTHOMPSON and Bruce TRIGGER. TheAward. consisting of a special Twenty-five Years Membership Pin and an ac-companying testimonial Certificate, willbe presented at the Annual Banquet onSaturday October 14, 1995, at Thl.ll1derBay. Recipients unable to attend person-ally or via a representative will receivetheir awards later. Thirty-nine Members

The OAS has written a letter to the newMinister of Citizenship. Culture and Rec-reation, the Hon. Marilyn Mushinski,assuring her of our desire to work with herfor the benefit of Ontario Heritage. Welook forward to meeting her.

Fee Increase for 1996

Afterfour years without an increase. OASmembership fees will move modestlyupward in 1996, provided that the Board'smotion is ratified at the ABM. It is pro-posed that the Individual annual fee willmove up three dollars from $28 to $31,family from $34 to $36, Institutional from$55 to $60. Life memberships will remainthe same. at $400. Prominent in theincreased costs of Society operation inrecent years are the several increases byCanada Post. further increases takeplace August 1. New granting rules bySSHRC will ensure that any future grantwe receive in support of Ontario Archae-ology will be smaller than we have en-joyed in previous years.

Passport to the Past Program Update

Seven Voll.ll1teer Opportunity Bulletinshave been mailed this year so far. com-pared with five last year. After last year'ssuccessful series of four back-to-backfield schools on the Seed-Barker site.there seemed little demand for a fieldschool this year and so none was organ-ised. If you are not receiving Voll.ll1teerOpportunity Bulletins but believe youshould be. please contact the office.

HAMILTON President: JosephMuller(905) 525-1240Vice-President:JacquelineFisher Treasurer:William FitzgeraldSecretary:,Box57165 JacksonStation,HamiltonON L8P4X1Newsletter:THE HEIGHTS Editor:John TriggsFees:$10 Meetings:UsuaUya17.00pmon the 3rd Thursdayof the month,exceptJune to August, at DundurnCastle, Hamilton.Sendnewsto Hamilton.OAS@mcmi.comor dial in to (905) 526-1657.

LONDON President: PatWeaherhead (519) 438-4817Vice-President:Chris Ellis Treasurer:Ham MattilaSecretary:LorelynGiese,GrosvenorLodge,1017Western Rd., LondonON N6G 1G5Newsletter:KEWA Editor:Neal Ferris - Fax(519) 645-0981Fees:$15 Meetings:Usuallyat8.00pmon the 3rd Thursdayof the month,exceptJune-August,at GrosvenorLodge, 1017Western Rd., London.

OTTAWA President: Jim Montgomery (613) 730-2377Vice-President:PaulThibaudeau Treasurer:William MacLennanSecretary:Lois King,Box4939 StationE, ottawa ,Onto K1S 5J1Newsletter:THE OTTAWA ARCHAEOLOGIST Editors:Helen Kriemadis& Jeff CampbellFees:$15 Meetings: Usually at 7.30pm on the 2ndW~ of themonth,exceptJune-August,at the VictoriaMemorialBuilding,Metcalfe& McLeodStreets,ottawa.

THUNDERBAY President: FrancesDuke (807) 683-5375Vice-President:ScottHamilton Treasurer:SecretaryfTreasurer:Andrew Hinshelwood,331 HallamSt., Thunder BayON P7A 1L9Newsletter:WANIKAN Editor:Andrew HinshelwoodFees:$5 Meetings:Usuallyat 8.oopmon the last Fridayofthemonth,exceptJune-August,intheAnthropologyTeaching Lab., room2004,BraunBuilding, Lake-headUniversity,Thunder Bay.

TORONTO President: Greg Purmal(905) 880-4481Vice-President:Wayne McDonald Treasurer:ValerieS'JnstenesSecretary:AnnieGould,Toronto'sFirst Post Office, 260 AdelaideSt. E., Box48, TorontoON M5A1N1Newsletter:PROFILE Editor: EvaMacDonaldFees:$10 Meetings: Usually at 8.oopm on the 3rdWednesdayof the month,exceptJune-August, in Room561A, SidneySmith Hall, 100 St. GeorgeSt., Toronto.

WINDSOR President: IIinkaTemerinski(519) 727-6201Vice-President: Treasurer:MichaelPrimeauSecretary:Sandra Lesperance,3461 PeterSt., #409, Windsor ON N9C3Z6Newsletter:SQUIRREL COUNTY GAZETTE Editor: PeterReidFees:$12 Meetings:Usuallyat7.oopmon the 2nd Tuesdayof the 1llOI"ih, exceptJune-August,at St. Andrew's PresbyterianChurch, 405 VictoriaSt., Windsor.

The Ontario Archaeological Society Inc.126 Willowdale Ave., North York, Ontario M2N 4Y2

Phone, fax or modem (416) 73()"()797

Mr. Henry H. van Lieshout81 Overbank Crescent

Don Mills, OntarioM3AIWI

(416) 446-7673

~of Professjonal Services

Ms Lise A Ferguson32 Bormyview DriveEtobicoke, Ontario

M8Y3G6

Ms Norma E. Knowtton418 Bouchler 51.

P.O. Box 13Roches Point, Ontario

LOE 1PO(905) 478--4747

~of Chapter Servicg

Mr. Stewart R. Leslie187 Delmar DriveHamilton, Ontario

L9C 118(90S) 389·2394

~of Public Services

Mr. Joim Stecldey8224 King St. W.Bolton, Ontario

L7ESSI(905) 857,(;631

Mr. Charles Oarrad103 Anndale Drive

North York, OntarioM2N2X3

(416) 223·27S2

Scientific Journal: aNT ARlO ARCHAEOLOOYNewsletter: ARCH NOlES

Special Publications: (As advatised)

~of Publicatjops

Mr. Michael W. KirbyP.O. Box 579

Markdale, OntarioNOC tHO

(519) 986-4026

~of Member Services/Secretary

Ms Anne La Fontaine100 Quebec Ave., #IS02

Toronto, OntarioM6P4B8

Individual: $28Family: $34

Institutional: $55Life: $400

Chapter Fees Extra