ARCH 512 | Theory of Architectural Design IISlideshow developed by: Arch. Edeliza V. Macalandag, UAPBohol Island State University | College of Architecture & Engineering

SPACE ARTICULATION

We put thirty spokes together and call it a wheel;But it is on the space where there is nothing that the

utility of the wheel depends.We turn clay to make a vessel;But it is on the space where there is nothing that the

utility of the vessel depends.We pierce doors and windows to make a house;and it is on these spaces where there is nothingthat the utility of the house depends.Therefore, just as we take advantage of what is, we

should recognize the utility of what is not.

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-Lao-tzu, Tao Te Ching, 6th century B.C.

architecturedraftsman.blogspot.com

Through the volume of space, we move, see forms, hear sounds, feel breezes, smell the fragrances of a flower garden

in bloom.

Temple of KailasnathEllora, India | 600-1000 AD

Space is a material substance like wood or stone. Yet it is an inherently formless vapor. Its dimensions & scale, the quality of its light – all of these qualities depend on our perception of the spatial boundaries defined by

elements of form.

The PantheonRome, A.D. 120-124

As space begins to be captured, enclosed, molded, and organized by the elements of mass, architecture comes into being.

Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, 1951

Architectural space is a concretization of man’s existential or experiential space.

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FORM & SPACE: THE UNITY OF OPPOSITES

+ -FIGURES BACKGROUND

ELEMENTS ELEMENTS

a

a

a

a

FIGURES & THEIR BACKGROUNDS ARE MORE THAN

OPPOSING ELEMENTS. TOGETHER THEY FORM AN

INSEPARABLE REALITY – A UNITY OF OPPOSITES – JUST AS THE

ELEMENTS OF FORM AND SPACE TOGETHER FROM THE REALITY

OF ARCHITECTURE.

FIGURES & THEIR BACKGROUNDS ARE MORE THAN

OPPOSING ELEMENTS. TOGETHER THEY FORM AN

INSEPARABLE REALITY – A UNITY OF OPPOSITES – JUST AS THE

ELEMENTS OF FORM AND SPACE TOGETHER FROM THE REALITY

OF ARCHITECTURE.

http://darwaza.bloxi.jp/images/3082_0bhabb_o.jpg

Line defining the boundary between solid mass and spatial void

The form of solid mass rendered as a figure.

The form of the spatial void rendered as a figure.

http://bastiaanluijk.com/waystostudy.html

Fragment of a Map of Romedrawn by Giambattista Nolli in 1749

SPACE ARTICULATION

Defining Spaces

The symbiotic relationship of the forms of mass and space in architecture can be examined and found to exist at several different scales.

http://www.theblueroom.net.au/journal/2009/11/24/interactive-nolli-map-website.html

The symbiotic relationship of the forms of mass and space in architecture can be examined and found to exist at several different scales.

http://www.theblueroom.net.au/journal/2009/11/24/interactive-nolli-map-website.html

We should be concerned not only with the form of the building but also its impact on the space around it.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/44442306@N04/4356653613/sizes/l/in/photostream/

Bilbao, Spain

At an urban scale, we should carefully considerthe role of a building in the existing urban fabric.

http://shadowness.com/a/singapore-skyline-at-night

Singapore skyline at night

Continue the urban fabric of the placehttp://archinect.com/forum/thread/103601/7-wonders-of-modern-postmodern-contemporary-architecture

Guggenheim New YorkFrank Lloyd Wright

Form a backdrop for other buildings

Gateway Arch, St. Louis, MissouriEero Saarinen, 1967http://www.connectthemidwest.com/2010/01/st-louis/

Define a positive urban spacehttp://experienceyork.apps01.yorku.ca/wordpress/2010/10/14/reading-week-already/

Sharp Center for DesignOntario Center for Art & DesignWill Alsop

Stand free as a significant object in spacehttp://famouswonders.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/sydney-opera-house.jpg

Sidney Opera HouseJørn Utzon, 1973

http://vincentloy.wordpress.com/2010/07/page/2/

http://unescopostcard.blogspot.com/2010/07/cn437-mount-taishan-1987.html

Taishan,Shandong, China

Relating the form of a building to the space around it.

At the scale of a building site

Form a wall along an edge of its site and begin to define a positive outdoor space.

Merge its interior space with the private outdoor space of a walled site.

Enclose a portion of its site as an outdoor room and shelter it from undesirable climatic conditions.

Surround and enclose a courtyard or atrium space within its volume – an introverted scheme.

Monastery of St. Meletioson Mt. Kithairon, Greece, 9 AD

Rila MonasterySofia, Bulgaria

http://i.images.cdn.fotopedia.com/flickr-2981070655-hd/World_Heritage_Sites/Europe/Eastern_Europe/Bulgaria/Rila_Monastery/Rila_Monastery-hd-3.jpg

Stand as a distinct object in space and dominate its site through its form & topographical positioning – an extroverted scheme.

Stretch out & present a broad face to address a view,terminate an axis or define an edge of an urban space.

Stand free within its site but extend to its interior spaces to merge with private exterior space.

Stand as a positive form in negative space.

The relation of the building to its context is of utmost importance. Architecture should never lose the natural and

meaningful connection with their surroundings.

http://www.archidir.com/architecture/rolex-learning-center-by-sanaa-in-lausanne-switzerland/

Rolex Learning CenterLausanne, Switzerland by Sanaa, 2010

The relation of the building to its context is of utmost importance. Architecture should never lose the natural and meaningful connection with their surroundings.

http://www.archidir.com/architecture/rolex-learning-center-by-sanaa-in-lausanne-switzerland/

Rolex Learning CenterLausanne, Switzerland by Sanaa, 2010

Walls are usually read as the positive elements of a plan. But, the white spaces in between, should not be seen simply as background for the walls, but also as figures in the drawing that have shape and form.

Even at the scale of a room, articles of furnishings can either stand as forms within a field of space or serve to define the form of a spatial field.

Addendum

Proxemics (Personal Space & Territoriality)

http://mhinterior.blogspot.com/2011/02/proxemics-personal-space-territoriality.html

Proxemics is the study of measurable distances between people as they interact.

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Anthropometrics is the measurement of the size and proportion of the human body.

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http://entertainment.webshots.com/photo/2782365620073673480kamqlK

http://www.theatre.vt.edu/destop/asressa_website/Images/Anthropometrics_Large.PNG

Ergonomics is the science of making the work environment safer and more comfortable for workers using design and anthropometric data.  

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http://saveyourself.ca/resources/images/ergonomics-comic-strip.jpghttp://saveyourself.ca/resources/images/ergonomics-comic-strip.jpg

http://www.ergonomicoffices.net/ergonomic-office-9/

http://lylover.com/portfolio/surfchair/Surf Chair®

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gateway_Arch_windows.jpg

The windows of the observation deck are located around the apex of the arch.

References:

• Salvan, George S. Architectural Theories of Design. JMC Press, Inc, 1986.• Ching, Francis D.K. Architecture: Form, Space and Order, 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2007.• http://www.lib.utexas.edu/engin/guides/anthropometry.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/proxemics