ARC Project

7/29/2019 ARC Project

1/27

MembershipSurveyThisreportcontainsthestatisticalanalysisofamembershipsurveyconductedbyateamof

SDSUstudents.

SDSUAztecRecreationCenter

A r i e l a E n g b e r C a r l e n n S m i t h

Q u e n t i n A n d e r s o n T y l e r B o o t h M i k e J o n e s


2/27

KeyCentralityandDispersion

Statisticsforsixdifferentgroupsofpeopleontheiraverageimportanceratingsforcleanliness: Maleswitha

membershiplessthan1year,1to3years,andgreaterthan3yearsandfemaleswithamembershiplessthan1

year,1to3yearsandgreaterthan3years.Thegroupsaredividedbothbylengthofmembershipandgender.

MembershipLength(years)

1=Males3

4=Females3

INTERPRETATION

Theresultsoftheboxandwhiskerplotsuggestthatwomenratetheimportanceofcleanlinesshigherthanmen

inalllevelsofmembershiplength.Thisconclusioncanbemadebasedonthesmallrangeofwomensratesand

the higher medians in all levels ofmembership length, demonstrating that the overall expectation for gym

cleanliness ishigher for women. The range of ratings oncleanlinesswas foundto bemuch larger formen

especiallyinthecaseofmenwithmembershipsfrom1to3yearsand3+years.Thismaybeattributedtothe


3/27

factthatmaleswhohavebeenattheARClessthanayearmaybeSDSUfreshmanwithfreemembershipsand

donot renewtheirmembership attheARCwhen the free trial ends.Memberswho return after their free

freshmanmembershipexpires(1-3yrs,>3yrs)arelessconcernedwithcleanlinessoftheARC.


4/27

CategorizedGroups

Asinglechartcategorizingpeople intotwogroups-SatisfiedandUnsatisfiedwithfurthercategorizationby

gender.Thecategoryunsatisfiedcontainssurveyrespondentswhoindicatedsatisfactionof1,2,or3,andthe

categorysatisfiediscomposedofrespondentswhoansweredwitha4or5.

INTERPRETATION

Theresultsofthestackedbarchartsuggestthatapproximately55%oftheunsatisfiedindividualswerewomen

with approximately 45% of unsatisfied individuals beingmen. The chart also suggests that out of the tota

satisfiedindividuals,approximately55%weremenandapproximately45%ofsatisfiedindividualswerewomen

Theseresultsmaybeattributedtoanimportanceofcleanlinesstowomenbeinghigheroverallthanmen,inconjunctionwithhigherexpectationsforcleanlinessinagymthanmen.


5/27

DescriptiveInformation

GENDER

Results:

Gender

Frequency Percent ValidPercent Cumulative

Percent

Male 188 40.0 47.2 47.2

Female 210 44.7 52.8 100.0Valid

Total 398 84.7 100.0

Missing System 72 15.3

Total 470 100.0

Theabovefrequencytableexplainsthatoutofatotalof398validrespondents,therewere188malesand210

females.

Thebarchartshowsgenderbreakdownbasedonthepercentagesofvalidparticipants.47.2%ofrespondent

weremaleand52.8%werefemale.ThismaybearesultofthegenderratiooftheSDSUpopulation,asthereisa

higherproportionoffemalestudentsthanmalestudents.


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PRIMARYTIMEWORKINGOUT

Outofatotalof410validrespondents,87preferredtoworkoutfrom6amto11am,107preferredtoworkou

from11amto4pm,203preferredtoworkoutfrom4pmto12am,and13preferredtoworkoutfrom12amto

6am..

Thebarchartshowsgenderbreakdownbasedonthepercentageofvalidparticipants.Themajority(49.5%)of

peopleprefertoworkoutfrom4pmto12am.Thismaybeexplainedbythehighstudentmembershipbaseat

theARC,becausethismaybethetimestudentsareattendingclass,makingitconvenientforthemtoalsogoto

thegymwhiletheyareoncampus.

Frequency Percent ValidPercent CumulativePercent

6am-11am 87 18.5 21.2 21.2

11am-4pm 107 22.8 26.1 47.3

4pm-12am 203 43.2 49.5 96.8

12am-6am 13 2.8 3.2 100.0

Valid

Total 410 87.2 100.0


Total 470 100.0


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MEMBERSHIPTYPE

Frequency Percent ValidPercent Cumulative

Percent

SDSUStudent 286 60.9 71.7 71.7

Affiliate/Faculty/Staff/Alumni 89 18.9 22.3 94.0

Community 24 5.1 6.0 100.0Valid

Total 399 84.9 100.0


Total 470 100.0

Thefrequencytableexplainsthatoutofatotalof399validrespondents,therewere286SDSUstudent

memberships,89Affiliate/Faculty/Staff/Alumnimemberships,and24Communitymemberships.

Thebarchartshowsthebreakdownofmembershiptypebasedonthepercentagesofvalidparticipants.The

largest percentage is SDSU student memberships at 60.9%, while the smallest percentage is Community

membersat6%ofallmemberships.ThisismostlikelytheresultofthelocationandmarketingoftheARC,asitis

locatedoncampus(closetowheremanystudentslive)andisoneofthefeaturesthattheschoolpromotesto

incomingfreshmanandstudents.


8/27

SampleInformation

LEASTIMPORTANTFEATURE

INTERPRETATION

StaffgreetinguponentrancewasratedtheleastimportantfeatureoftheARC,astheaverageresponden

ratingwasapproximately2.9outof5.ThismightbebecauseoftheARCslargemembershipbase,asmembers

maynotexpecttobegreetedwhentherearesomanymembersascomparedtothestaff.


9/27

FAVORITETYPEOFMUSIC

INTERPRETATION

Approximately21%ofvalidrespondentsstatedthatPUMP!!wastheirmusicpreferenceforthegym.Thismay

bebecausemembersliketoworkouttohighintensitymusic.


10/27

MOSTPOPULARTVSTATIONS

1.ESPN

2.ComedyCentral

3.MTV

ARCMembersTop10TVShows(frequency)

INTERPRETATION

ESPN,ComedyCentral,andMTVwerechosenmostoftenbyARCmemberswhenaskedwhatTVshowsthey

wouldliketowatchatthegym.ESPNwaschosen193times,ComedyCentralwaschosen150timesandMTV

waschosen132times.Thismaybebecausepeoplewhoaresportsfansalsomaintainanactivelifestylethrough

havinganARCmembership.


11/27

DifferenceBetweenGroups

QUESTION

Isthereadifferenceintheprimarytimeofdaythatmenandwomenworkout?Similarly,isthereadifferencein

theprimarytimeofdaythatstudentsandfacultymembersworkout?

Thisresearchquestionrequiresanalysistodeterminewhetherthereisarelationshipbetweentwocategorical

variables;gender(nominal)andworkouttime(ordinal).Todeterminethisrelationship,wechosetorunachi-

squaretestthroughcrosstabulationatthe.05leveltoexaminetheexpectedresultsascomparedtotheactual

results.

Gender*PrimarytimeworkingoutCrosstabulation

Primarytimeworkingout

6am11am 11am4pm 4pm12am

Total

Count 44a 46a 91a 181

ExpectedCount 39.5 49.8 91.7 181.0Male

%ofTotal 11.4% 11.9% 23.6% 47.0%

Count 40a 60a 104a 204

ExpectedCount 44.5 56.2 103.3 204.0

Gender

Female

%ofTotal 10.4% 15.6% 27.0% 53.0%

Count 84 106 195 385

ExpectedCount 84.0 106.0 195.0 385.0Total

%ofTotal 21.8% 27.5% 50.6% 100.0%

EachsubscriptletterdenotesasubsetofPrimarytimeworkingoutcategorieswhosecolumnproportionsdo

notdiffersignificantlyfromeachotheratthe.05level.

Thecrosstabulationclearlydemonstratesthatthereisnonotabledifferencebetweentheactualdataandthe

expecteddata,implyinganonmonotonicrelationshipbetweengenderandworkouttime.

Chi-SquareTests

Value df Asymp.Sig.(2-

sided)

PearsonChi-Square 1.538a 2 .464

LikelihoodRatio 1.537 2 .464

Linear-by-LinearAssociation .436 1 .509

NofValidCases 385

a.0cells(0.0%)haveexpectedcountlessthan5.Theminimumexpected

countis39.49.

Thechi-squareddifferencetestportraysthesignificanceofthedifferencebetweenthese twovariables.With

the p-value (0.464) beingmuch greater than the beta value (.05), we fail to reject the null hypothesis that

genderandworkouttimeareindependentofoneanother.


12/27

students1faculty2*PrimarytimeworkingoutCrosstabulation

Primarytimeworkingout

6am11am 11am4pm 4pm12am

Total

Count 49a 77b 151b 277

ExpectedCount 61.6 77.6 137.7 277.01.00

%ofTotal 13.5% 21.2% 41.5% 76.1%

Count 32a 25b 30b 87

ExpectedCount 19.4 24.4 43.3 87.0

students1faculty2

2.00

%ofTotal 8.8% 6.9% 8.2% 23.9%

Count 81 102 181 364

ExpectedCount 81.0 102.0 181.0 364.0Total

%ofTotal 22.3% 28.0% 49.7% 100.0%

EachsubscriptletterdenotesasubsetofPrimarytimeworkingoutcategorieswhosecolumn

proportionsdonotdiffersignificantlyfromeachotheratthe.05level.

Unlikegender,thecrosstabulationtakingmembershiptypeintoaccountactuallydoesdemonstratethatthereis

anotabledifferencebetweentheactualdataandtheexpecteddata,implyingamonotonicrelationship.

Chi-SquareTests

Value df Asymp.Sig.(2-

sided)

PearsonChi-Square 16.207a 2 .000

LikelihoodRatio 15.489 2 .000

Linear-by-Linear

Association15.684 1 .000

NofValidCases 364 a.0cells(0.0%)haveexpectedcountlessthan5.Theminimum

expectedcountis19.36.

Withthep-value(.000)beinglessthanthebetavalue(.05),werejectthenullhypothesisthatmembershiptype

andworkouttimeareindependentofoneanother.

INTERPRETATION

Thedataindicatesthatgenderdoesnothaveaneffectonthetimeofdayanindividualworksout,andthat

regardlessofgender,ahigherpercentageofpeopleworkoutlaterinthedayoverall.Thiscanbearesultofthe

ARCshighlevelofstudentmembershipandtheeffecttheirschoolscheduleplaysupontheirworkouthabits

Theresultsalsoindicatethatthereisadifferencebetweenmembershiptypeandworkouttimes.Studentstend

toworkoutlaterintheday,butstaffmembershavenocentraltendencyatanyparticulartimeofday.This

couldpossiblybeduetostudentshavingschedulesthattypicallytendtobeintheearlierpartoftheday(with

workandschoolinconsideration)andfacultyhavingmoreflexibleschedules.


13/27

QUESTION

Onaverage,dopeoplefindthequalityofcardioroomequipmenttobemoreimportantthanthequalityof

selectorized(pinloaded)equipment?Isthereadifferencebetweentheiraveragesatisfactionwiththe

performanceofcardioequipmentandselectorizedequipment?

This research questionrequires twoanalysesto test ifARCmembershavea different averagescoreon two

differentcontinuousvariables;cardioroomequipmentandselectorized(pinloaded)equipment.Wechoseto

runapairedsamplest-testwith95%confidencetodeterminethisdifference.

PairedSamplesTest

PairedDifferences

95%Confidence

Intervalofthe

Difference

Mean Std.

Deviation

Std.Error

Mean

Lower Upper

t df Sig.(2-

tailed)

Pair

1

Importance-

Qualityofcardio

roomequipment

-Importance-

Qualityof

selectorized(pin

loaded)weight

machines

.342 .845 .040 .264 .420 8.649 455 .000

Theresultsofthepairedsamplestestshowsthatthereisinfactadifferenceintheperceivedimportanceinqualityof cardioroomequipmentandselectorized(pinloaded)weightmachines.Thisis clearfromthethet

value(8.649)beinggreaterthanthez-value(1.96)andthesignificance(.000)beinglessthanbeta(.05).Weare

95%confidentthatthereisastatisticaldifferencebetweentheimportanceinqualityofcardioroomequipment

and that of selectorized (pin loaded) weight machines. The positive range also implies that the perceived

importance in quality of cardio room equipment is greater than that of selectorized (pin loaded) weigh

machines.


14/27

PairedSamplesTest

PairedDifferences

95%Confidence

Intervalofthe

Difference

Mean Std.

Deviation

Std.Error

Mean

Lower Upper

t df Sig.(2-

tailed)

Pair1

Performance-

Qualityofcardioroomequipment-

Performance-

Qualityof

selectorized(pin

loaded)weight

machines

.197 .730 .037 .124 .270 5.301 385 .000

Theresultsofthepairedsamplest-testshowsthat,with95%confidence,thatthereisinfactadifferenceinthe

perceivedperformanceinqualityofcardioroomequipmentandselectorized(pinloaded)weightmachines.This

isclearfromthethet-value(5.301)beinggreaterthanthez-value(1.96)andthesignificance(.000)beingless

thanbeta(.05).Thepositiverangeoftheconfidenceintervalalsoimpliesthattheperceivedperformancein

qualityofcardioroomequipmentisgreaterthanthatofselectorized(pinloaded)weightmachines.

INTERPRETATION

Theresultsofourpairedsamplest-testshowsthatonaverage,peopleranktheimportanceandperformancein

qualityofcardioroomequipmenthigherthantheimportanceandperformanceofqualitypinloadedweight

machines.Thiscouldpossiblybearesultofahigherproportionofwomenthanmenbeingsurveyed,aswomen

reportedly use cardio equipment more thanmen whilemen use weight machinesmore than women, bu

furtheranalysiswouldbeneededtoidentifyacorrelation.


15/27

QUESTION

IsthereadifferencebetweenhowSDSUstudentsandAffiliates/Faculty/Staff/Alumniperceivetheperformance

ofARCstaffmembers?Specifically,isthereadifferencebetweenhowthesetwogroupsassessstaffperformance

basedon:

- Staffaccessibility- Whetherstaffgreetmembersuponarrival - Whetherstaffmakemembersfeelwelcome- Howoftenmembersseekstaffassistance

Because one continuous outcome variable is dependent on a single categorical predictor variable, an

independentsamplest-testwillbeusedtotestifthereisasignificantdifferencebetweenthetwomembership

typesandtheirsatisfactionwithARCstaffmembersbaseduponaccessibility,whethertheygreetmembersupon

arrival,whethertheymakemembersfeelwelcome,andwithhowoftenmembersseekstaffassistance.

ThereisonlyasignificantdifferencebetweenSDSUStudentsandFacultywithhowtheyperceiveperformance

ofARCstaffinregardstobeinggreetedwhenenteringtheARC.Weare90%confidentthatstudentswillon

averagefeellesssatisfiedwithhowtheyaregreetedwhentheyentertheARCthanfaculty.Facultyhasahighe

perceptionthanstudentsdo,assignifiedbythenegativeconfidenceintervalforthatparticularvariable.Itisalso

signifiedbythefactthatthisvariablesp-value(.001)islessthanbeta(.10).

Forthethreeothervariables,wefailtorejectHoandare90%confidentthatthereisnosignificantdifference

between how satisfied students and faculty are with ARC staffmember performance. In regards to feeling

welcomeattheARC,thep-value(.224)isgreaterthanbeta(.10).Satisfactionwithbeingabletofindastaff

personwhenneededalsoshowsnosignificantdifferenceassignifiedbythep-value(0.839)beinggreaterthan

beta(.10),aswellwithhowoftenonewantstofindastaffperson;p-valueof.879comparedto.10.


16/27

INTERPRETATION

SDSU Affiliates/Faculty/Staff/Alumni havea higher satisfactionlevelwith howthey aregreeted byARCstaf

membersthanstudentsdo.ThiscouldbeduetothefactthatARCstaffmemberstendtobestudents,aspowe

rolesmightinfluencetheirlikelihoodtogreetfaculty,butfurtheranalysisisneededtodeterminethecausality

oftheseresults.


17/27

QUESTION

Canmembersmonthlyhoursspentatthegymbepredictedbytheir:

-Gender

-FavoriteT.V.station(ESPN&ESPN2)

-Overallsatisfaction

-Perceivedimportanceofcleanstretchingmats

-Perceivedimportanceofroomtemperature

Totesttoseeifmembersmonthlyhoursspentatthegymcanbepredictedbyvariousothervariables,suchas

gender,favoriteTVstation,overallsatisfaction,perceivedimportanceofcleanstretchingmats,andperceived

importanceofroomtemperature,wewillrunalinearregressiontofindalinethatbestpredictsthetrendsof

thedataandtotestthestrengthofcorrelation.

Gender

- LowR2valueshowsweakcorrelation- p-value(.000)compared tobeta(.05)impliessignificance,howeverpositiverangeforconfidenceinterva

actuallyshowsthatwomenwillspendbetween1.7904.111hoursmorethanmenattheARCpermonth

(with95%confidence)


18/27

TVChannel

- VerylowcorrelationforbothTVchannels(.004forESPNand.001forESPN2)- Insignificantdifference(ifany)signifiedbyconfidenceintervalcontaining0inbothvariables


19/27

OverallSatisfaction

- Somecorrelation(.153)- ThereISasignificantdifference(p-value.000


20/27


21/27

ImportanceofRoomTemperature

- Verylowcorrelation(.02)- Showssignificantdifference,p-value(.002)islessthanbeta(.05)- Confidence interval does not contain 0, and has a positive range, implying that people who rank the

importanceoftemperatureasveryimportantwillspendmoretimeattheARCpermonth

INTERPRETATION

PeoplewhoarelesssatisfiedwiththetemperatureofroomsattheARCmaybemorefrequentgymusers,

causingthemtohaveastrongeropinionastohowmuchtheyvaluethisfactorinagym.


22/27

VariablesandLogicforInclusion

Variable

Description

VariableName LogicforInclusion

Gender Gender Throughanalyzingthedemographicsofthe

SDSUpopulation,wehavereasontobelieve

thatfemalestudentconcernwithbodyin

additiontothehighratioofwomentomen

willpredictthatwomenwillspendmorehours

amonthattheARC.

Membership

Type

Mem_Type Studentshavegenerallyliveclosertothe

ARC,thanfacultywholiveclosertocampus

alsoliveclosertotheARC,makingitmore

conven,onaverage,thanfaculty,and

therefore

Membership

Length

Mem_Length MemberswhohaveheldtheirARC

membershipforlongerhavedecidedto

maintaintheirmembership,implyingthatthey

utilizetheirmembership.Therefore,those

whohavehadalongermembershipare

predictedtospendmoretimepermonththan

thosewhohaveheldashortermembership.

Satisfaction

withroom

temperature

Prf_Atm_Temp Thosewhoaremoresatisfiedwiththe

temperatureoftheARCarepredictedto

spendalongertimeatthegymwhentheydo

go,andtherefore,aremorelikelytospend

moretimepermonthoverallthanthosewho

aredissatisfiedwiththetemperatureofthe

gym.

Primarytime

workingout

WrkoutTime Peoplewhoworkoutinthemorningsmay

havelesstimetospendwhiletheyareatthe

gymthanthosewhogolaterintheday,

predictingthatpeoplewhogolaterinthedaywillspendmoretimepermonthatthegym.


23/27

Gender

Model Summaryb

Model R R Square Adjusted R

Square

Std. Error of the

Estimate

1 .244a

.059 .057 5.8805

a. Predictors: (Constant), men 0 women 1

b. Dependent Variable: FAKE DATA. This is a SIMULATED variable.

It it the number of hours a respondent spends at the ARC, on average,

the previous month.

- LowR2valueshowsweakcorrelation- p-value(.000)compared tobeta(.05)impliessignificance,howeverpositiverangeforconfidenceinterva

actuallyshowsthatwomenwillspendbetween1.7904.111hoursmorethanmenattheARCpermonth

(with95%confidence)

INTERPRETATION

WomenmaybepredictedtospendslightlymoretimeattheARCpermonththanmenbecausetheytendtouse

cardio machines, giving themaerobicworkoutsovera long amount of time, asopposedto men whomore

frequently use weight machines for anaerobic workouts that take less time. However, to explore the

relationships betweengender andworkout time furtherwewould need to conductexploratory research to

determinewhatfactors(suchaslengthoftypicalworkout)maybethecauseofthisweakpositiverelationship

betweenwomenandworkouttime.


24/27

MembershipType

- Lowcorrelationcoefficient(.012)- Significantdifference(.027


25/27

MembershipLength

- Somecorrelation(.367)- Significance(.000


26/27

PerformanceandRoomTemperature

- Lowcorrelation(.011)- Significance(.037


27/27

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